Difference between revisions of "Expressing "simply" with "jianzhi""
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| − | 简直(jiǎn zhí) is similar to "simply" or "completely" in English, and can be used to modify adjectives or verbs, adding a tone of amazement on the part of the speaker. | + | 简直(jiǎn zhí) is similar to "simply" or "completely" in English, and can be used to modify adjectives or verbs, adding a tone of amazement on the part of the speaker. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Using 简直 to modify verbs== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Basic structure=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Subject + 简直 + Verb | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Examples=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 你 <em>简直</em> 不 是 人。<span class="trans">You simply aren't a person.</span> | * 你 <em>简直</em> 不 是 人。<span class="trans">You simply aren't a person.</span> | ||
* 你 的 房间 <em>简直</em> 像 一 个 战场，快点 收拾 收拾!<span class="trans">Your room looks like a complete war zone. Hurry up and clean it!</span> | * 你 的 房间 <em>简直</em> 像 一 个 战场，快点 收拾 收拾!<span class="trans">Your room looks like a complete war zone. Hurry up and clean it!</span> | ||
* 我 <em>简直</em> 不敢 相信！<span class="trans">I simply can't bring myself to believe it.</span> | * 我 <em>简直</em> 不敢 相信！<span class="trans">I simply can't bring myself to believe it.</span> | ||
| − | * 我 <em>简直</em> 不 知道 该 怎么 说服 你。<span class="trans">I just don't know how I should persuade you.</span> | + | * 我 <em>简直</em> 不 知道 该 怎么 说服 你。<span class="trans">I just don't know how I should persuade you.</span> |
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | 简直 is often used with "就是在 + verb" or "是在 + verb" structure. In English we might say: "He's simply lying to you". | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 三星 的 智能 手机 <em>简直</em> 就是 在 模仿 iPhone。<span class="trans">The Samsung smartphones are just a copy of the iPhone.</span> | * 三星 的 智能 手机 <em>简直</em> 就是 在 模仿 iPhone。<span class="trans">The Samsung smartphones are just a copy of the iPhone.</span> | ||
| − | * 他 <em>简直</em> 是 在 骗 你。<span class="trans">He's just lying to you.</span> | + | * 他 <em>简直</em> 是 在 骗 你。<span class="trans">He's just lying to you.</span> |
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Complex structure=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | S + (Object) + Verb + 得 + 简直 + Adjective | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Examples=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 他 普通话 说 得 <em>简直</em> 比 中国人 还 标准！<span class="trans">He simply speaks Mandarin more correctly than Chinese people!</span> | * 他 普通话 说 得 <em>简直</em> 比 中国人 还 标准！<span class="trans">He simply speaks Mandarin more correctly than Chinese people!</span> | ||
| − | * 中国 的 高速 铁路 修建 得 <em>简直</em> 太 快 了!<span class="trans">China's elevated railroad was simply built really fast!</span> | + | * 中国 的 高速 铁路 修建 得 <em>简直</em> 太 快 了!<span class="trans">China's elevated railroad was simply built really fast!</span> |
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Using 简直 to modify adjectives== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Structure=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | S + 简直 + Adjective | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Examples=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 你 的 男 朋友 <em>简直</em>（是）太 帅 了!<span class="trans">Your boyfriend is just so handsome!</span> | * 你 的 男 朋友 <em>简直</em>（是）太 帅 了!<span class="trans">Your boyfriend is just so handsome!</span> | ||
| − | * 他 的 考试 成绩 <em>简直</em> 好极 了！<span class="trans">His test grades are simply fantastic!</span> | + | * 他 的 考试 成绩 <em>简直</em> 好极 了！<span class="trans">His test grades are simply fantastic!</span> |
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | However, although it is possible in English to say something is "simply beautiful", in Chinese, 简直 cannot be followed directly by an unmodified adjective. Modifiers like [[Expressing "excessively" with "tai"|太]], [[Simple "noun + adjective" sentences|很]] and [[Positive adjectives with "-ji le"|极了]] can be used, as in the following examples: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li class="x">她 <em>简直</em> 漂亮！</li> | <li class="x">她 <em>简直</em> 漂亮！</li> | ||
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<li class="o">她 <em>简直</em> 漂亮 极 了!</li> | <li class="o">她 <em>简直</em> 漂亮 极 了!</li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| − | </div> | + | </div> |
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Sources and further reading == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Books === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Boya Chinese Upper Intermediate 1 (博雅汉语中级冲刺篇) ]] (pp. 115) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075316/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075316 →buy] | ||
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 134-6) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy] | * [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 134-6) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy] | ||
| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)]] (pp. 225) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561913192 →buy] | + | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)]] (pp. 225) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561913192 →buy] |
| + | |||
| + | [[Category: B2 grammar points]] | ||
{{Basic Grammar|简直|B2|简直……|她 感动 得 <em>简直</em> 要 哭 出来 了 。|grammar point|ASG8OLAE}} | {{Basic Grammar|简直|B2|简直……|她 感动 得 <em>简直</em> 要 哭 出来 了 。|grammar point|ASG8OLAE}} | ||
{{POS|Adverbs}} | {{POS|Adverbs}} | ||
Revision as of 08:59, 26 November 2013
简直(jiǎn zhí) is similar to "simply" or "completely" in English, and can be used to modify adjectives or verbs, adding a tone of amazement on the part of the speaker.
Contents
Using 简直 to modify verbs
Basic structure
Subject + 简直 + Verb
Examples
- 你 简直 不 是 人。You simply aren't a person.
- 你 的 房间 简直 像 一 个 战场，快点 收拾 收拾!Your room looks like a complete war zone. Hurry up and clean it!
- 我 简直 不敢 相信！I simply can't bring myself to believe it.
- 我 简直 不 知道 该 怎么 说服 你。I just don't know how I should persuade you.
简直 is often used with "就是在 + verb" or "是在 + verb" structure. In English we might say: "He's simply lying to you".
- 三星 的 智能 手机 简直 就是 在 模仿 iPhone。The Samsung smartphones are just a copy of the iPhone.
- 他 简直 是 在 骗 你。He's just lying to you.
Complex structure
S + (Object) + Verb + 得 + 简直 + Adjective
Examples
- 他 普通话 说 得 简直 比 中国人 还 标准！He simply speaks Mandarin more correctly than Chinese people!
- 中国 的 高速 铁路 修建 得 简直 太 快 了!China's elevated railroad was simply built really fast!
Using 简直 to modify adjectives
Structure
S + 简直 + Adjective
Examples
- 你 的 男 朋友 简直（是）太 帅 了!Your boyfriend is just so handsome!
- 他 的 考试 成绩 简直 好极 了！His test grades are simply fantastic!
However, although it is possible in English to say something is "simply beautiful", in Chinese, 简直 cannot be followed directly by an unmodified adjective. Modifiers like 太, 很 and 极了 can be used, as in the following examples:
- 她 简直 漂亮！
- 她 很 漂亮！
- 她 简直 太 漂亮 了！
- 她 简直 漂亮 极 了!
