Difference between revisions of "A1 grammar points"

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"A1" is the first level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki.  For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
 
"A1" is the first level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki.  For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
  
== Basics ==
+
{{Print POS|A1}}
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45em; text-align:left"
+
{{Print Structure|A1}}
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|[[ASGETNCO|Basic Sentence Order]] || N + [V + Obj.] || <span class="liju">我 爱 你 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGUN7RX|Connecting Nouns with "''shi''"]] || A + 是 + B || <span class="liju">我 <em>是</em> 学生 。 </span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASG17BLH|Simple "Noun + Adjective" Sentences]] || N + 很 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>很</em> 饿 。 </span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASG8HVFN|Expressing "Excessively"]] || 太 + Adj + 了 || <span class="liju"><em>太</em> 好 <em>了</em> ! </span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Question Forms ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:60em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|[[ASGJQPSC|Placement of Question Words]] || 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿  / 为什么 / 怎么 || <span class="liju">你 是 <em>谁</em> ?你 在 <em>哪儿</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGA8NIB|Offering Choices as a Question]] || A + 还是 + B ? || <span class="liju">你 要 茶 <em>还是</em> 咖啡 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGQ2AZA|Yes/No Questions with "''ma''"]] || ...吗? || <span class="liju">你 爱 我 <em>吗</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGRZG7F|"Verb-Not-Verb" and "Adjective-Not-Adjective" Questions]] || V + 不 + V / Adj + 不 + Adj || <span class="liju">你 <em>爱 不 爱</em> 我 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGSJYZ2|Tag Questions with "''ma''"]] || ⋯是吗?, ⋯对吗?, ⋯好吗? || <span class="liju">我们 喝 茶 , <em>好 吗</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASG4D8XB|Tag Questions with "''bu''"]] || ⋯是不是?, 对不对?, ⋯好不好? || <span class="liju">我们 喝 茶 , <em>好 不 好</em> ?</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Numbers ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:55em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|[[ASGCRH6P|Structure of Numbers]] || Number + [Unit] || <span class="liju">三百 五十九。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGJ46H1|Use of "''er''" and "''liang''" for "Two"]] || 二/两 || <span class="liju"><em>两</em> 个 人。<em>二</em>十<em>二</em>。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGT3KF6|Structure of Dates]] || Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 号/日 || <span class="liju">今天 是<em>2011年 11月 11日</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGVH4Q5|Structure of Days of the Week]] || 星期/礼拜 + Number || <span class="liju">今天 <em>星期三</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGN6BBU|Structure of Times]] || Number + 点(钟) || <span class="liju">现在 <em>十一点</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGI0T9S|All-Purpose Measure Word "''ge''"]] || Number + 个 + N || <span class="liju">一 <em>个</em> 人 。</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Verbs ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|[[ASGUGWVZ|Using the Verb "''jiao''"]] || 叫 + [Name] || <span class="liju">你的 名字 <em>叫</em> 什么 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGPS9NY|Using the Verb "''xing''"]] || 姓 + [Surname] || <span class="liju">你 <em>姓</em> 什么 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGFYNCL|Using the Verb "''qu''"]] || 去 + [Place] || <span class="liju">你 <em>去</em> 哪儿 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGIPYFV|Standard Negation]] || 不 + V / 不 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>不</em> 爱 你 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGXVEAR|Wanting to do Something with "''yao''"]] || 要 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>要</em> 吃 饭 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGIVZJU|Negative Commands Using "''bu yao''"]] || 不要 + V || <span class="liju"><em>不要</em> 说话 ! <em>不要</em> 打 我 !</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGAUCXK|Negation of Actions in the Past]] || 没 + V / 没有 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>没</em> 去 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGPNV3Q|Special Negation: "do not have"]] || 没 + 有 || <span class="liju">我 <em>没有</em> 钱 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGZH7K3|Special "Verb-Not-Verb" Exception: "to have"]] || 有 + 没 + 有 || <span class="liju">你 <em>有 没有</em> 咖啡 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGWCESP|Verbing Briefly]] || V + 一下 || <span class="liju">你 <em>看 一下</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGH2MNO|"How" to Do Something]] || 怎么 + V ? || <span class="liju"><em>怎么</em> 去 ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASG04ZCI|Expressing Existence with "''you''"]] || Place + 有⋯ || <span class="liju">这里 <em>有</em> 咖啡 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGRHM0E|Expressing a Learned Skill]] || 会 + V || <span class="liju">我 <em>会 说</em> 中文 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASG6SPYK|Expressing Permission]] || 可以 + V || <span class="liju">你 <em>可以 去</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGLRWT8|Expressing Existence in a Place]] || 在 + Place || <span class="liju">老师 <em>在 上海</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGPRGAX|Actions in a Row]] || [Verb Phrase 1] + [Verb Phrase 2] || <span class="liju">我 要 <em>回家 吃饭</em> 。</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Particles ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:45em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|[[ASGMJHZO|Questions with "''ne''"]] || ⋯呢? || <span class="liju">你 <em>呢</em> ?</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGMPZ6D|Suggestions with "''ba''"]] || ⋯吧 || <span class="liju">我们 走 <em>吧</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGUHQD2|Expressing Possession]] || N1 + 的 + N2 || <span class="liju">我的 <em>老师</em></span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGCI0KG|Expressing Possession: Special Cases]] || N1 + N2 || <span class="liju"><em>我 妈妈</em></span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGQGV3P|Expressing Experiences with Verbs]] || V + 过 || <span class="liju">我 <em>去 过</em> 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASGG25MD|The "Also" Adverb]] || 也 + V / 也 + Adj || <span class="liju">我 <em>也 爱</em> 你 。</span>
 
|-
 
|[[ASG9YK09|The "All" Adverb]] || 都 + V / 都 + Adj || <span class="liju">我们 <em>都 爱</em> 你 。</span>
 
|}
 
  
 
[[Category:Levels]]
 
[[Category:Levels]]

Revision as of 01:31, 18 June 2012

"A1" is the first level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the Grammar Points by Level page.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Negation of "you" with "mei" 没 + 有 没有 钱 。
Standard negation with "bu" 不 + Verb / Adj. 他们 是 坏 孩子。
The "all" adverb "dou" 都 + Verb / Adj. 我们 住 在 上海。
The "also" adverb "ye" 也 + Verb / Adj. 昨天 很 冷,今天 冷。

Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "and" with "he" Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2 他 都 不 去。
Offering choices with "haishi" A + 还是 + B ? 你 要 喝 茶 还是 咖啡 ?

Numbers

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Age with "sui" Subj. + Number + 岁 我 20
Measure word "ge" Number + 个 + Noun 人 。
Structure of dates Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日 今天 是 2011年 11月 11日/号
Structure of days of the week 星期 + Number 今天 星期三
Structure of numbers Number + Unit 三 百 五 十 九。
Structure of times (basic) Number + 点(钟) 现在 十一点

Particles

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing close possession without "de" Pronoun + Noun 我 女朋友
Expressing possession with "de" Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2 我 的 老师
Questions with "ne" ⋯⋯呢 ? 我 很 好。你  ?
Suggestions with "ba" Command + 吧 我们 走

Verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing existence in a place with "zai" 在 + Place 老师 在 上海
Expressing existence with "you" Place + 有 + Obj. 我们 学校 很 多 学生。
Expressing possession with "you" Subj. + 有 + Obj. 钱。
Using the verb "jiao" 叫 + Name 什么 名字 ?
Using the verb "qu" 去 + Place 学校。
Using the verb "xing" 姓 + Surname 什么 ?

Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing ability or possibility with "neng" 能 + Verb 中文 这么 难,你 学 好 吗?
Expressing a learned skill with "hui" 会 + Verb 会 说 中文 。
Expressing "be going to" with "yao" Subj. + 要 + Verb (+ 了) 去 吃饭,你 去 吗?
Expressing permission with "keyi" 可以 + Verb 这里 可以 吸烟 吗?
Wanting to do something with "yao" 要 + Verb 吃饭 。

Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
How to do something with "zenme" 怎么 + Verb ? 怎么 走?
Negation of past actions with "meiyou" 没有 + Verb 没有 去 酒吧。
Negative commands with "buyao" 不要 + Verb 不要 说 英文!


Basics

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Basic sentence order Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.) 我 爱 你 。
Connecting nouns with "shi" A + 是 + B 学生 。
Expressing "excessively" with "tai" 太 + Adj. + 了  !
Simple "noun + adjective" sentences Noun + 很 + Adj. 好。

Question Forms

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Affirmative-negative question Verb + 不 + Verb / Adj. + 不 + Adj. 去 不 去好 不 好 ?
Placement of question words 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 你 是 ?你 在 哪儿
Tag questions with "bu" ⋯⋯是不是 / 对不对 / 好不好 ? 你们 明天 来,好 不 好 ?
Tag questions with "ma" ⋯⋯是吗 / 对吗 / 好吗 ? 这样 做, 对 吗 ?
Yes-no questions with "ma" ⋯⋯吗? 他 是 老板  ?