Difference between revisions of "Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings"

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You probably already know the basic meaning of [[Wanting to do something with "yao"|要 (yào)]] as "to want."  It is actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as well as "will (do something)."  In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express.
 
You probably already know the basic meaning of [[Wanting to do something with "yao"|要 (yào)]] as "to want."  It is actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as well as "will (do something)."  In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express.
  
== 要 as "want" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Want" ==
  
 
This structure could be used when ordering food at a restaurant or a shop. Here, it's being used for saying that you want ''something.''
 
This structure could be used when ordering food at a restaurant or a shop. Here, it's being used for saying that you want ''something.''
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>要</em> 一 杯 水 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> yī bēi shuǐ.</span> <span class="trans">I want a cup of water.</span>
+
* <em>要</em> 什么?<span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> shénme? </span><span class="trans">What do you want? </span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 一 份 牛排 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> yī fèn niú pái.</span> <span class="trans">I want a steak.</span>
+
* 我 <em>要</em> 一 杯 水。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> yī bēi shuǐ.</span><span class="trans">I want a cup of water.</span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 一 杯 咖啡 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> yī bēi kāfēi.</span> <span class="trans">I want a cup of coffee.</span>
+
* 你们 都 <em>要</em> 冰 可乐 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen dōu <em>yào</em> bīng kělè ma? </span><span class="trans">Do you all want coke with ice? </span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 一 个 面包 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> yī gè miànbāo.</span> <span class="trans">I want bread.</span>
+
* 你 <em>要</em> 茶 还是 咖啡?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> chá háishì kāfēi? </span><span class="trans">Do you want tea or coffee? </span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 冰 可乐 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> bīng de kělè.</span> <span class="trans">I want coke with ice.</span>
+
* 我们 <em>要</em> 三 碗 米饭。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>yào</em> sān wǎn mǐfàn.</span><span class="trans">We want three bowls of rice.</span>
* 你 <em>要</em> 热 牛奶 吗 ? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> rè niúnǎi ma?</span> <span class="trans">Do you want warm milk?</span>
+
 
* <em>要</em> 一点 糖 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> yīdiǎn táng.</span> <span class="trans">I want some sweets.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 两 份 鸡肉 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> liǎng fèn jīròu.</span> <span class="trans">I want two pieces of chicken.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 法国 红 酒 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> Fǎguó hóngjiǔ.</span> <span class="trans">I want French wine.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 苹果 汁 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> píngguǒ zhī.</span> <span class="trans">I want apple juice.</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 要 as "want to" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Want to" ==
  
In Chinese, 要 (yào) can mean "want to" (similar to  [["Would like to" with "xiang"|想]] (xiǎng)), but its tone is quite firm. So it's used for saying that you want '''''to do''' something''.
+
In Chinese, 要 (yào) can mean "want to" (similar to  [[Expressing "would like to" with "xiang"|想 (xiǎng)]]), but its tone is quite firm. So it's used for saying that you want '''''to do''' something''.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 <em>要</em> 吃 巧克力 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> chī qiǎokèlì.</span> <span class="trans">I want to eat chocolate.</span>
+
* <em>要</em> 喝 什么 酒?<span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> hē shénme jiǔ? </span><span class="trans">What kind of wine do you want to drink? </span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 跟 你 一起 去 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù.</span> <span class="trans">I want to go with you.</span>
+
* 爸爸 <em>要</em> 买 一 个 新 手机。<span class="pinyin">Bàba <em>yào</em> mǎi yī gè xīn shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">Dad wants to buy a new cell phone.</span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 吃 西餐 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> chī xīcān.</span> <span class="trans">I want to eat western food.</span>
+
* 我 <em>要</em> 跟 你 一起 去。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù.</span><span class="trans">I want to go with you.</span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 学 中文 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> xué Zhōngwén.</span> <span class="trans">I want to study Chinese.</span>
+
* <em>要</em> 去 大城市 找 工作。<span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> qù dà chéngshì zhǎo gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">She wants to go to a big city to find a job.</span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 去 泰国 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> qù Tàiguó.</span> <span class="trans">I want to go to Thailand.</span>
+
* 周末 你们 <em>要</em> 一起 看 电影 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zhōumò nǐmen <em>yào</em> yīqǐ kàn diànyǐng ma? </span><span class="trans">Do you want to go see a movie together this weekend? </span>
* <em>要</em> 买 一 个 新 手机 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> mǎi yī gè xīn shǒujī.</span> <span class="trans">I want to buy a new cell phone.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 工作 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> gōngzuò.</span> <span class="trans">I want to work.</span>
 
* <em>要</em> 打 电话 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> dǎ diànhuà.</span> <span class="trans">I want to make a phone call.</span>
 
* <em>要</em> 见 他 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> jiàn tā.</span> <span class="trans">I want to see him.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 试 一下 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> shì yīxià.</span> <span class="trans">I want to try.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 要 as "need to" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Need to" ==
  
 
If you crank the urgency of "to want" up a few notches, you get "to need."  The two meanings overlap, creating a fuzzy, "needy" gray area.
 
If you crank the urgency of "to want" up a few notches, you get "to need."  The two meanings overlap, creating a fuzzy, "needy" gray area.
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 要 + Verb
+
Subj. + 要 + Verb
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 明天 我们 <em>要</em> 上班 。 <span class="expl">(logically, most people don't really WANT to work)</span><span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒmen <em>yào</em> shàngbān.</span> <span class="trans">We need to work tomorrow.</span>
+
* 你 <em>要</em> 早 点 睡觉。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> zǎo diǎn shuìjiào.</span><span class="trans">You need to go to bed earlier.</span>
* 你 <em>要</em> 现在 付钱 。 <span class="expl">(No one WANTS to pay, right?)</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> xiànzài fù qián.</span> <span class="trans">You need to pay now.</span>
+
* 我们 明天 <em>要</em> 上班。<span class="expl">logically, most people don't really WANT to work</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen míngtiān <em>yào</em> shàngbān.</span><span class="trans">We need to work tomorrow.</span>
* 我们 <em>要</em> 买 很 多 酒 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>yào</em> mǎi hěn duō jiǔ.</span> <span class="trans">We need to buy a lot of alcohol.</span>
+
* 老板 今天 <em>要</em> 见 一个 新 客户。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn jīntiān <em>yào</em> jiàn yī gè xīn kèhù.</span><span class="trans">Today the boss needs to see a new client.</span>
* 我 <em>要</em> 休息 一 下 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> xiūxi yī xià.</span> <span class="trans">We need to rest for a while.</span>
+
* 老师 太 累 了, <em>要</em> 好好 休息。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī tài lèi le, <em>yào</em> hǎohāo xiūxi.</span><span class="trans">The teacher is too tired. She needs to rest well.</span>
* <em>要</em> 找 一 个 中文 老师 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> zhǎo yī gè Zhōngwén lǎoshī.</span> <span class="trans">You need to find a Chinese teacher.</span>
+
* 明天 下雨, 你 <em>要</em> 带 伞。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān xiàyǔ, nǐ <em>yào</em> dài sǎn.</span><span class="trans">It's going to rain tomorrow; you need to bring an umbrella.</span>
* 今天 很 忙 , 我 <em>要</em> 加班 。 <span class="pinyin">Jīntiān hěn máng, <em>yào</em> jiābān.</span> <span class="trans">Today is very busy, so I need to work overtime.</span>
 
* 你 <em>要</em> 多 吃 点 水果 。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> duō chī diǎn shuǐguǒ.</span> <span class="trans">You need to eat a lot of fruit.</span>
 
* 你 <em>要</em> 学会 用 电脑 。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> xuéhuì yòng diànnǎo.</span> <span class="trans">You need to learn how to use a computer.</span>
 
* 明天 下雨 , 你 <em>要</em> 带 雨伞 。 <span class="pinyin">Míngtiān xiàyǔ, nǐ <em>yào</em> dài yǔsǎn.</span> <span class="trans">It will rain tomorrow, you need to bring an umbrella.</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 要 as "going to" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Going to" ==
  
This use of 要 (yào) is like "going to" (similar to [[Auxiliary verb "hui" for "will"|会]] (huì)).
+
This use of 要 (yào) is like "going to" (similar to [[Expressing "will" with "hui"|会]] (huì)).
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 要 + Verb
+
Subj. + 要 + Verb
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
If you want to know more about the related pattern "要...了" (yào... le), please see [[about to happen with "kuai... le"]].
+
If you want to know more about the related pattern "要⋯⋯了" (yào... le), please see [[Expressing "about to happen" with "le"|the "kuai... le" pattern]].
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 明年 我 <em>要</em> 去 中国 。 <span class="expl">(Notice the use of a time word for the future)</span><span class="pinyin">Míngnián wǒ <em>yào</em> qù Zhōngguó.</span> <span class="trans">Next year I am going to go to China.</span>
+
* 星期五 我们 <em>要</em> 开会。<span class="pinyin">Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen <em>yào</em> kāihuì.</span><span class="trans">We are going to have a meeting on Friday.</span>
* 明天 我 <em>要</em> 去 北京 。 <span class="expl">(This could also mean "need," depending on context)</span><span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ <em>yào</em> qù Běijīng.</span> <span class="trans">I am going to go to Beijing tomorrow.</span>
+
* 12 点 我 <em>要</em> 去 吃饭。<span class="pinyin">Shí'èr diǎn wǒ <em>yào</em> qù chīfàn.</span><span class="trans">I am going to go eat at 12 o'clock.</span>
* 星期五 我们 <em>要</em> 开会 。 <span class="pinyin">Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen <em>yào</em> kāihuì.</span> <span class="trans">We are going to have a meeting on Friday.</span>
+
* 老板 下周 <em>要</em> 出差 吗?<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn xià zhōu <em>yào</em> chūchāi ma?</span><span class="trans">Is the boss going on a business trip next week?</span>
* 12点 我 <em>要</em> 去 吃饭 。 <span class="pinyin">Shí'èr diǎn wǒ <em>yào</em> qù chīfàn.</span> <span class="trans">I am going to go out and eat at 12 o'clock.</span>
+
* 他们 明年 <em>要</em> 结婚 了。<span class="pinyin"> Tāmen míngnián <em>yào</em> jiéhūn le.</span><span class="trans">They are going to get married next year.</span>
* 2014年 , 我 <em>要</em> 去 中国 工作 。 <span class="pinyin">Nián, wǒ <em>yào</em> qù Zhōngguó gōngzuò.</span> <span class="trans">In 2014 I am going to go to China to work.</span>
+
* 今年 你 <em>要</em> 回家 过年 吗?<span class="pinyin">Jīnnián nǐ <em>yào</em> huíjiā guònián ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you going to return home this year to celebrate the Chinese New Year?</span>
* 一会儿 我 <em>要</em> 出去 。 <span class="pinyin">Yīhuìr wǒ <em>yào</em> chūqù.</span> <span class="trans">I am going to leave soon.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 认识 很 多 中国 朋友 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> rènshi hěn duō Zhōngguó péngyou.</span> <span class="trans">I am going to get to know lots of Chinese friends.</span>
 
* <em>要</em> 做 咖啡 , 你 喝 吗 ? <span class="pinyin"><em>yào</em> zuò kāfēi, nǐ hē ma?</span> <span class="trans">I am going so make some coffee, do you want some?</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 找 新 的 工作 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> zhǎo xīn de gōngzuò.</span> <span class="trans">I am going to find a new job.</span>
 
* 我 <em>要</em> 每天 运动 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> měitiān yùn dòng.</span> <span class="trans">I need to exercise every day.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Context, context, context ==
+
== Context, Context, Context ==
  
You may have noticed that the meanings can easily overlap. To figure out what is intended, you need to use context.  How urgent is the situation?  Is it likely to be something the speaker really ''wants'' to do?  Is it something that's totally ''going to'' happen, regardless of anyone's preferences?  Most often, a little background knowledge and some common sense are all you need to figure it out.  With that said, you definitely need to be aware of the different possible meanings listed above.
+
You may have noticed that the meanings can easily overlap. To figure out what is intended, you need to use context.  How urgent is the situation?  Is it likely to be something the speaker really ''wants'' to do?  Is it something that's totally ''going to'' happen, regardless of anyone's preference?  Most often, a little background knowledge and some common sense are all you need to figure it out.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
 
*[["Would like to" with xiang]]
 
*[["Would like to" with xiang]]
*[[Auxiliary verb "hui" for "will"]]
+
*[[Expressing "will" with "hui"]]
 
*[[About to happen with "le"]]
 
*[[About to happen with "le"]]
  
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 154-5) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|154-5}}
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category:Verbs]]
 
[[Category:Verbs]]
 
[[Category:Auxiliary verbs]]
 
[[Category:Auxiliary verbs]]
  
{{Basic Grammar|要|A2|要 + Noun/要 + V|我 <em>要</em> 一 杯 水。|grammar point|ASG95AL1}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|要|A2|要 + Noun / 要 + Verb|我 <em>要</em> 一 杯 水。|grammar point|ASG95AL1}}
 
{{Similar|About to happen with "le"}}   
 
{{Similar|About to happen with "le"}}   
 
{{Similar|Wanting to do something with yao}}
 
{{Similar|Wanting to do something with yao}}
 
{{Similar|Negative commands with "bu yao"}}   
 
{{Similar|Negative commands with "bu yao"}}   
 +
{{Similar|Expressing "don't need to" with "buyong"}} 
 
{{Similar|Expressing determination with "feiyao"}}  
 
{{Similar|Expressing determination with "feiyao"}}  
 +
{{Similar|Expressing "will" with "hui"}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Auxiliary verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Auxiliary verbs}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

You probably already know the basic meaning of 要 (yào) as "to want." It is actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as well as "will (do something)." In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express.

要 (yào) as "Want"

This structure could be used when ordering food at a restaurant or a shop. Here, it's being used for saying that you want something.

Structure

Subj. + 要 + Noun

Examples

  • 什么?yào shénme? What do you want?
  • 一 杯 水。yào yī bēi shuǐ.I want a cup of water.
  • 你们 都 冰 可乐 吗?Nǐmen dōu yào bīng kělè ma? Do you all want coke with ice?
  • 茶 还是 咖啡?yào chá háishì kāfēi? Do you want tea or coffee?
  • 我们 三 碗 米饭。Wǒmen yào sān wǎn mǐfàn.We want three bowls of rice.

要 (yào) as "Want to"

In Chinese, 要 (yào) can mean "want to" (similar to 想 (xiǎng)), but its tone is quite firm. So it's used for saying that you want to do something.

Structure

Subj. + 要 + Verb

Examples

  • 喝 什么 酒?yào hē shénme jiǔ? What kind of wine do you want to drink?
  • 爸爸 买 一 个 新 手机。Bàba yào mǎi yī gè xīn shǒujī.Dad wants to buy a new cell phone.
  • 跟 你 一起 去。yào gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù.I want to go with you.
  • 去 大城市 找 工作。yào qù dà chéngshì zhǎo gōngzuò.She wants to go to a big city to find a job.
  • 周末 你们 一起 看 电影 吗?Zhōumò nǐmen yào yīqǐ kàn diànyǐng ma? Do you want to go see a movie together this weekend?

要 (yào) as "Need to"

If you crank the urgency of "to want" up a few notches, you get "to need." The two meanings overlap, creating a fuzzy, "needy" gray area.

Structure

Subj. + 要 + Verb

Examples

  • 早 点 睡觉。yào zǎo diǎn shuìjiào.You need to go to bed earlier.
  • 我们 明天 上班。logically, most people don't really WANT to workWǒmen míngtiān yào shàngbān.We need to work tomorrow.
  • 老板 今天 见 一个 新 客户。Lǎobǎn jīntiān yào jiàn yī gè xīn kèhù.Today the boss needs to see a new client.
  • 老师 太 累 了, 好好 休息。Lǎoshī tài lèi le, yào hǎohāo xiūxi.The teacher is too tired. She needs to rest well.
  • 明天 下雨, 你 带 伞。Míngtiān xiàyǔ, nǐ yào dài sǎn.It's going to rain tomorrow; you need to bring an umbrella.

要 (yào) as "Going to"

This use of 要 (yào) is like "going to" (similar to (huì)).

Structure

Again, no change to the structure here, but it often includes a mention of a time when something is going to happen.

Subj. + 要 + Verb

If you want to know more about the related pattern "要⋯⋯了" (yào... le), please see the "kuai... le" pattern.

Examples

  • 星期五 我们 开会。Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen yào kāihuì.We are going to have a meeting on Friday.
  • 12 点 我 去 吃饭。Shí'èr diǎn wǒ yào qù chīfàn.I am going to go eat at 12 o'clock.
  • 老板 下周 出差 吗?Lǎobǎn xià zhōu yào chūchāi ma?Is the boss going on a business trip next week?
  • 他们 明年 结婚 了。 Tāmen míngnián yào jiéhūn le.They are going to get married next year.
  • 今年 你 回家 过年 吗?Jīnnián nǐ yào huíjiā guònián ma?Are you going to return home this year to celebrate the Chinese New Year?

Context, Context, Context

You may have noticed that the meanings can easily overlap. To figure out what is intended, you need to use context. How urgent is the situation? Is it likely to be something the speaker really wants to do? Is it something that's totally going to happen, regardless of anyone's preference? Most often, a little background knowledge and some common sense are all you need to figure it out.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books