Big numbers in Chinese

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The manner in which large numbers are broken down in Chinese is a little different from English. Unlike in English, where large numbers are broken down by the number of thousands they have, Chinese forms numbers between 10,000 and 100,000,000 based off of how many tens of thousands they have (with another set of rules for numbers 100,000,000 onwards that will be explained later). While the structure can be difficult to grasp for some learners, there are some easy ways to remember how to form these big numbers.

Different units

Mandarin has two units that English doesn't have (or at least, it has unique words for these units, whereas English describes them with combinations of other units). These are:

  • 万 (wàn): ten thousand
  • 亿 (yì): hundred million

Ten Thousand - 万

万 (wàn) comes up the most often and is the largest stumbling block for most people learning Mandarin numbers. In English, numbers are usually broken up into chunks of three digits. Because of 万 (wàn), it's easier to break numbers up into groups of four in Mandarin. In English, we split "twelve thousand" numerically into "12,000" (chunks of three digits). Split it the Chinese way, "1,2000," and the Chinese reading "一万两千" (one wan and two "thousand" = yīwàn liǎngqiān) makes more sense.

One way to remember how to write out numbers 10,000 through 99,999 is that in Chinese, the comma is moved one digit to the left. Using the previous example, 11,000 would be written out in tens of thousands as "1,1000", with 万 (wàn) replacing the comma and four trailing zeroes: 一万 (yī wàn).

Separating numbers
Typical splitChinese splitCharactersPinyin
10,0001,0000一万yīwàn
12,0001,2000一万二yīwàn èr
13,2001,3200一万三千两百yīwàn sānqiān liǎngbǎi
56,7005,6700五万六千七百wǔwàn liùqiān qībǎi

One Hundred Million - 亿

After 99,999,999, there is yet another new numerical unit, 亿 (yì), which is used to express "hundred million." A number like 1,101,110,000 would be written out as "十一亿一百一十一万 (shí-yī yì yībǎi yīshí-yī wàn)." Again, an easier way to translate between the two methods is to write the number out in English, move the comma one digit to the left, and inserting the appropriate character in their respective places for the commas.

Mandarin number structure

NumeralsCharactersPinyinEnglish
1,000,000,000十亿shí yìBillion
100,000,000亿Hundred million
10,000,000千万qiān wànTen million
1,000,000百万bǎi wànMillion
100,000十万shí wànHundred thousand
10,000wànTen thousand
1,000qiānThousand
100bǎiHundred
10shíTen
1One

A Shortcut

One more simple way to remember how to correctly write out large numbers is to pick one or two numbers and just memorize them. One million, for example, is 一百万 (yībǎi wàn). If you can memorize that, then going to 一千万 (yīqiān wàn) is way easier and faster, since you don't have to count all those zeroes.

The recommended shortcuts are:

  • 一百万 frequently a useful number to knowyībǎi wàn1 million
  • 十三亿 this just happens to be the population of Chinashísān yì1.3 billion

Examples

  • 二 千 一 百 五 十 二 52,152wàn liǎngqiān yībǎi wǔshí-èr
  • 八 千 三 百 六 十 108,360 shí wàn bāqiān sānbǎi liùshí
  • 八十 五 四 千 三 百 二 十854,320 bāshí-wǔ wàn sìqiān sānbǎi èrshí
  • 二百九十一 四 千 六 百 八 十 2,914,680 èrbǎi jiǔshí-yī wàn sìqiān liùbǎi bāshí
  • 七 百 八 十 九 零 二 百 九 十 八 7,890,298qībǎi bāshí-jiǔ wàn líng èrbǎi jiǔshí-bā
  • 二 千 七 百 二 十 一 四 千 八 百 九 十 六27,214,896èrqiān qībǎi èrshí-yī wàn sìqiān bābǎi jiǔshí-liù
  • 五 千三 百 七 十 九 八 千 两 百 五 十53,798,250wǔqiān sānbǎi qīshí-jiǔ wàn bāqiān liǎngbǎi wǔshí
  • 亿 一 千 四 百 二 十 九 万 四 千 一 百 八 十 二 414,294,182 yīqiān sìbǎi èrshí-jiǔ wàn sìqiān yībǎi bāshí-èr
  • 十 三 亿 两 千 六 百 八 十 万 1,326,800,000 shísān liǎngqiān liùbǎi bāshí wàn
  • 两 百 五 十 一 亿 五 千 八 百 三 十 六 万 七 千 二 百 25,158,367,200 liǎngbǎi wǔshí-yī wǔqiān bābǎi sānshí-liù wàn qīqiān èrbǎi

See also

Sources and further reading

Books