Difference between revisions of "Comparing "gei" and "wei""

 
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Both 给 and 为 can mean "[[for]]." They seem to be arbitrarily assigned to different verbs, and to make matters worse, some verbs (but not all!) can use either one. There are a few principles you can use to keep them straight, but also a few exceptions you need to memorize. As always, lots of examples help!
Both 给 and 为 can mean "[[for]]." They seem to be somewhat arbitrarily assigned to different verbs, and to make matters worth, some verbs (but not all!) can use either one. There are a few principles you can use to keep them straight, but also a few exceptions you need to memorize. As always, lots of examples help!
 
  
 
== The Core Meaning of 给 ==
 
== The Core Meaning of 给 ==
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
Subj. + 给 + Recipient + [Verb Phrase]
 
Subj. + 给 + Recipient + [Verb Phrase]
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</div>
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== Examples ==
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<div class="liju">
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* 请 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>拿</strong> 一双 筷子。 <span class="pinyin">Qǐng <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>ná</strong> yī shuāng kuàizi.</span><span class="trans">Please get me a pair of chopsticks.</span>
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* 下 飞机 以后,我 <em>给</em> 你 <strong>打</strong> 电话。 <span class="pinyin">Xià fēijī yǐhòu, wǒ <em>gěi</em> nǐ <strong>dǎ</strong> diànhuà.</span><span class="trans">After getting off the plane, I'll give you a call.</span>
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* 你 别 忘 了 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>回</strong> 邮件。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ bié wàng le <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>huí</strong> yóujiàn.</span><span class="trans">Don't forget to reply to my email.</span>
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* 同事 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>介绍</strong> 了 公司 的 情况。 <span class="pinyin">Tóngshì <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>jièshào</strong> le gōngsī de qíngkuàng.</span><span class="trans">My coworker explained the company's situation to me.</span>
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* 这 件 事 是 你 做 得 不 对, <em>给</em> 他 <strong>道歉</strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shì shì nǐ zuò de bù duì, <em>gěi</em> tā <strong>dàoqiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">What you did was wrong. Apologize to him.</span>
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* 老板 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>提</strong> 了 很 多 建议。 <span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>tí</strong> le hěn duō jiànyì.</span><span class="trans">The boss gave me a lot of suggestions.</span>
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* 上海 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>留下</strong> 了 很 深 的 印象。 <span class="pinyin">Shànghǎi <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>liúxià</strong> le hěn shēn de yìnxiàng.</span><span class="trans">Shanghai left a deep impression on me.</span>
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</div>
 
</div>
  
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One other common usage of 为 is for uncontrollable emotional reactions that result from relationships with other people. These reactions aren't really done out of kindness; they're spontaneous and not a result of a conscious choice.
 
One other common usage of 为 is for uncontrollable emotional reactions that result from relationships with other people. These reactions aren't really done out of kindness; they're spontaneous and not a result of a conscious choice.
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== Structure ==
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<div class="jiegou">
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为 + Person + Verb / Adj.
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</div>
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== Examples ==
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<div class="liju">
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* 我 现在 <em>为</em> 谷歌 公司 <strong>工作</strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiànzài <em>wèi</em> Gǔgē gōngsī <strong>gōngzuò</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I currently work for Google.</span>
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* 你 <em>为</em> 国家 <strong>做</strong> 过 贡献 吗 ? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>wèi</em> guójiā <strong>zuò</strong> guò gòngxiàn ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you made a contribution to our country?</span>
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* 我 真的 <em>为</em> 你 <strong>高兴</strong> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhēnde <em>wèi</em> nǐ <strong>gāoxìng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I'm truly happy for you.</span>
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* 父母 <em>为</em> 孩子 <strong>付出</strong> 了 很 多。 <span class="pinyin">Fùmǔ <em>wèi</em> háizi <strong>fùchū</strong> le hěn duō.</span><span class="trans">The parents did a lot for their child.</span>
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* 父母 管 孩子 总是 说 是 <em>为</em> 孩子 <strong>好</strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Fùmǔ guǎn háizi zǒngshì shuō shì <em>wèi</em> háizi <strong>hǎo</strong>.</span><span class="trans">When parents micro-manage their kids, they always say it's for their children's own good.</span>
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* 我们 都 是 成年人 了,应该 <em>为</em> 自己 的 行为 <strong>负责</strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu shì chéngniánrén le, yīnggāi <em>wèi</em> zìjǐ de xíngwéi <strong>fùzé</strong>.</span><span class="trans">We've all adults now, and ought to be responsible for our own actions.</span>
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* 政府 <em>为</em> 公司 <strong>提供</strong> 了 保障。 <span class="pinyin">Zhèngfǔ <em>wèi</em> gōngsī <strong>tígōng</strong> le bǎozhàng.</span><span class="trans">The government provides companies certain protections.</span>
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</div>
  
 
== Comparison of 给 and 为 by Collocation ==
 
== Comparison of 给 and 为 by Collocation ==
  
What could be more helpful than a big long list of examples? We've done our best to include the most common words that pair (collocate) with 给 and , but this list is, of course, not exhaustive.
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The examples below should help you establish a bit of a feeling regarding the difference between 给and 为. You can see that the ones at the top feel more like something especially done for one person, whereas the ones at the end feel more like duty or obligation. The double yeses in the middle could be either, depending on context.
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{| class="wikitable" style="width:40em"
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|-
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! Verb !! Pairs with 给? !! Pairs with ?
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|-
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|  发邮件 || YES || no
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|-
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|  打电话 || YES || no
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|-
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|  做菜 || YES || YES
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|-
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|  做 || YES || YES
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|-
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|  服务 || no || YES
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|-
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|  牺牲 || no || YES
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|-
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|  工作 || no || YES
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|-
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|}
  
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==

Latest revision as of 09:33, 15 December 2020

Both 给 and 为 can mean "for." They seem to be arbitrarily assigned to different verbs, and to make matters worse, some verbs (but not all!) can use either one. There are a few principles you can use to keep them straight, but also a few exceptions you need to memorize. As always, lots of examples help!

The Core Meaning of 给

As you know, 给 is also a verb meaning "to give." As such, 给 is often used with verbs to express an action done out of kindness or friendship. Think of all the things a mother does for a child, or a generous friend does for her bestie. These would use 给.

Structure

Subj. + 给 + Recipient + [Verb Phrase]

Examples

  • 一双 筷子。 Qǐng gěi yī shuāng kuàizi.Please get me a pair of chopsticks.
  • 下 飞机 以后,我 电话。 Xià fēijī yǐhòu, wǒ gěi diànhuà.After getting off the plane, I'll give you a call.
  • 你 别 忘 了 邮件。 Nǐ bié wàng le gěihuí yóujiàn.Don't forget to reply to my email.
  • 同事 介绍 了 公司 的 情况。 Tóngshì gěijièshào le gōngsī de qíngkuàng.My coworker explained the company's situation to me.
  • 这 件 事 是 你 做 得 不 对, 道歉Zhè jiàn shì shì nǐ zuò de bù duì, gěidàoqiàn.What you did was wrong. Apologize to him.
  • 老板 了 很 多 建议。 Lǎobǎn gěi le hěn duō jiànyì.The boss gave me a lot of suggestions.
  • 上海 留下 了 很 深 的 印象。 Shànghǎi gěiliúxià le hěn shēn de yìnxiàng.Shanghai left a deep impression on me.

The Core Meaning of 为

The word 为 automatically feels more formal than 给, due to its association with classical Chinese. Besides being more formal, it is also often associated with obligatory actions or responsibilities. The typical example of this is "to work for Company A": 为A公司工作.

One other common usage of 为 is for uncontrollable emotional reactions that result from relationships with other people. These reactions aren't really done out of kindness; they're spontaneous and not a result of a conscious choice.

Structure

为 + Person + Verb / Adj.

Examples

  • 我 现在 谷歌 公司 工作Wǒ xiànzài wèi Gǔgē gōngsī gōngzuò.I currently work for Google.
  • 国家 过 贡献 吗 ? wèi guójiā zuò guò gòngxiàn ma?Have you made a contribution to our country?
  • 我 真的 高兴Wǒ zhēnde wèigāoxìng.I'm truly happy for you.
  • 父母 孩子 付出 了 很 多。 Fùmǔ wèi háizi fùchū le hěn duō.The parents did a lot for their child.
  • 父母 管 孩子 总是 说 是 孩子 Fùmǔ guǎn háizi zǒngshì shuō shì wèi háizi hǎo.When parents micro-manage their kids, they always say it's for their children's own good.
  • 我们 都 是 成年人 了,应该 自己 的 行为 负责Wǒmen dōu shì chéngniánrén le, yīnggāi wèi zìjǐ de xíngwéi fùzé.We've all adults now, and ought to be responsible for our own actions.
  • 政府 公司 提供 了 保障。 Zhèngfǔ wèi gōngsī tígōng le bǎozhàng.The government provides companies certain protections.

Comparison of 给 and 为 by Collocation

The examples below should help you establish a bit of a feeling regarding the difference between 给and 为. You can see that the ones at the top feel more like something especially done for one person, whereas the ones at the end feel more like duty or obligation. The double yeses in the middle could be either, depending on context.

Verb Pairs with 给? Pairs with 为?
发邮件 YES no
打电话 YES no
做菜 YES YES
YES YES
服务 no YES
牺牲 no YES
工作 no YES

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK5