Difference between revisions of "Complement "-huai le""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
The resultative complement 坏 (huài) is another one of those complements which can be used literally and figuratively.
 
  
==Structure==
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The [[degree complement]] -坏了 (huài le) is a bit like the complement [[Negative adjectives with "-si le"|-死了]], and can be used to mean "extremely" in  both a a positive and a negative sense.
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== Structure ==
 
   
 
   
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Verb +
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Adj. + 坏了
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
坏 can mean "to break," or "to get messed up."
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As with many other grammar patterns, both adjectives and [[psychological verb]]s work in this pattern.
  
==Examples==
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== Examples ==
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In these examples, the state is negative or undesirable, so is a natural fit for -坏了.
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 自行车 被 他 <em>摔 坏</em> 了。<span class="trans">The bike was broken by him.</span>
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*大家 都 <strong>累</strong> <em>坏了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu <strong>lèi</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Everyone was dead-tired.</span>
* 明明 是 你 <em>弄 坏</em> 的,还 怪 我!<span class="trans">You obviously broke it, but you're still blaming me!</span>
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*我 早饭 和 中饭 都 没 吃 ,<strong>饿</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zǎofàn hé zhōngfàn dōu méi chī, <strong>è</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I didn't eat anything for breakfast or lunch. I'm starved to death.</span>
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*发现 爸爸 又 去 赌钱 了 ,妈妈 <strong>气</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Fāxiàn bàba yòu qù dǔqián le, māma <strong>qì</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Discovering the father went gambling again, the mother was incensed.</span>
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*孩子 不见 了 ,妈妈 <strong>急</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Háizi bùjiàn le, māma <strong>jí</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">The child is missing. The mother is worried sick.</span>
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*一个 男人 突然 拿出 一把枪 ,乘客们 都 <strong>吓</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yī gè nánrén tūrán ná chū yī bǎ qiāng, chéngkè men dōu <strong>xià</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">A man took out a gun all of a sudden and the passengers were scared senseless.</span>
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*你 一晚上 没有 给 我 打 电话,我 <strong>担心</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yī wǎnshang méiyǒu gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà, wǒ <strong>dānxīn</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">You haven't called me all night. I've been worried sick.</span>
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*面试官 太 严肃 了,我 都要 <strong>紧张</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Miànshì guān tài yánsù le, wǒ dōu yào <strong>jǐnzhāng</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">The interviewer was so serious. I was a nervous wreck.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
However, figuratively it is a bit like the complement [[Negative adjectives with "-si le"|]], and can be used to mean "extremely" in a positive and negative sense.  
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It's also OK to use -坏了 with positive adjectives sometimes, similar to [[Negative adjectives with "-si le"|-死了]].
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
*那 部 鬼片 把 我 <em>吓 坏</em> 了,睡觉 都 不 敢 关灯 了!<span class="trans">That ghost scared me to death. I won't be able to sleep without the lights on!</span>
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*孩子 不见 了,妈妈 <em>急 坏</em> 了 <span class="trans">The child is missing. The mother is worried to death.</span>
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*听到 这个 好 消息 ,大家 都 <strong>高兴</strong> <em>坏了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tīng dào zhège hǎo xiāoxī, dàjiā dōu <strong>gāoxìng</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">Everyone was thrilled to hear the good news.</span>
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*这个 笑话 让 我们 都 <strong>乐</strong> <em>坏了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège xiàohua ràng wǒmen dōu <strong>lè</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">We really got a kick out of this joke.</span>
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*她 终于 买到 演唱会 的 门票,她 <strong>激动</strong> <em>坏了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā zhōngyú mǎi dào le yǎnchàng huì de ménpiào, tā <strong>jīdòng</strong> <em>huài le</em>.</span><span class="trans">She was ecstatic when she finally got tickets to the concert.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
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== See also ==
  
*[[Positive adjectives with "-ji le"]]
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*[[Adjectives with "-ji le"]]
 
*[[Negative adjectives with "-si le"]]
 
*[[Negative adjectives with "-si le"]]
*[[Resultative Complement "kai"]]
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*[[Advanced degree complements]]
 
   
 
   
== Sources and further reading ==
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== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)]] (pp. 104) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561913192/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561913192 →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4)|104}}
  
 
[[Category: B2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: Result complement]]
 
[[Category: Result complement]]
 
{{Basic Grammar|坏|B2|Verb + 坏了| <em>坏</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGT0GYL}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|坏|B2|Verb + 坏了| <em>坏</em> 了。|grammar point|ASGT0GYL}}
{{Similar|Positive adjectives with "-ji le"}}
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{{Similar|Adjectives with "-ji le"}}
 
{{Similar|Negative adjectives with "-si le"}}
 
{{Similar|Negative adjectives with "-si le"}}
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "kai"}}
+
{{Similar|Advanced degree complements}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing result}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing result}}
 
{{Structure|Complements}}
 
{{Structure|Complements}}

Latest revision as of 02:48, 29 December 2020

The degree complement -坏了 (huài le) is a bit like the complement -死了, and can be used to mean "extremely" in both a a positive and a negative sense.

Structure

Adj. + 坏了

As with many other grammar patterns, both adjectives and psychological verbs work in this pattern.

Examples

In these examples, the state is negative or undesirable, so is a natural fit for -坏了.

  • 大家 都 坏了Dàjiā dōu lèi huài le.Everyone was dead-tired.
  • 我 早饭 和 中饭 都 没 吃 ,饿 坏了Wǒ zǎofàn hé zhōngfàn dōu méi chī, è huài le.I didn't eat anything for breakfast or lunch. I'm starved to death.
  • 发现 爸爸 又 去 赌钱 了 ,妈妈 坏了Fāxiàn bàba yòu qù dǔqián le, māma huài le.Discovering the father went gambling again, the mother was incensed.
  • 孩子 不见 了 ,妈妈 坏了Háizi bùjiàn le, māma huài le.The child is missing. The mother is worried sick.
  • 一个 男人 突然 拿出 一把枪 ,乘客们 都 坏了Yī gè nánrén tūrán ná chū yī bǎ qiāng, chéngkè men dōu xià huài le.A man took out a gun all of a sudden and the passengers were scared senseless.
  • 你 一晚上 没有 给 我 打 电话,我 担心 坏了Nǐ yī wǎnshang méiyǒu gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà, wǒ dānxīn huài le.You haven't called me all night. I've been worried sick.
  • 面试官 太 严肃 了,我 都要 紧张 坏了Miànshì guān tài yánsù le, wǒ dōu yào jǐnzhāng huài le.The interviewer was so serious. I was a nervous wreck.

It's also OK to use -坏了 with positive adjectives sometimes, similar to -死了.

  • 听到 这个 好 消息 ,大家 都 高兴 坏了Tīng dào zhège hǎo xiāoxī, dàjiā dōu gāoxìng huài le.Everyone was thrilled to hear the good news.
  • 这个 笑话 让 我们 都 坏了Zhège xiàohua ràng wǒmen dōu huài le.We really got a kick out of this joke.
  • 她 终于 买到 了 演唱会 的 门票,她 激动 坏了Tā zhōngyú mǎi dào le yǎnchàng huì de ménpiào, tā jīdòng huài le.She was ecstatic when she finally got tickets to the concert.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK5