Difference between revisions of "Complement "-zhao""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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When used as a resultative complement, -着 (zháo) expresses that the action has reached its purpose or has had an outcome. It can also be used as a potential complement, meaning "able to."
  
 
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==Resultative Complement -着==
When used as a resultative complement, 着 (zháo) expresses that the action has reached it's purpose or has had an outcome. It can also be used as a potential complement, meaning "able to."
 
 
 
==Resultative Complement==
 
  
 
===Structure===
 
===Structure===
  
All you have to do is put 着 after the verb. Remember that it should be something that you can reach or achieve. It could be a purpose, or it can be producing an outcome or an influence.  
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All you have to do is put -着 after the verb. Remember that it should be something that you can reach or achieve. It could be a purpose, or it can be producing an outcome or an influence.  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
Verb + 着
 
Verb + 着
 
</div>
 
</div>
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Remember: that 着 is pronounced "[[zhao|zháo]] and ''not'' "[[zhe]]"!
  
 
===Examples===
 
===Examples===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
*我 终于 见 <em>着</em> 你 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhōngyú jiàn <em>zháo</em> nǐle.</span><span class="trans">I have finally met you.</span>
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*宝宝 刚 <strong>睡</strong><em>着</em><span class="pinyin">Bǎobao gāng <strong>shuì</strong><em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The baby just fell asleep.</span>
*最近 太 忙 了,他 累 <em>着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zuìjìn tài mángle, tā lèi <em>zháo</em>le.</span><span class="trans">I've been so busy lately, he's tired.</span>
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*你 的 手机 <strong>找</strong><em>着</em> 了 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shǒujī <strong>zhǎo</strong><em>zháo</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you find your cell phone?</span>
*宝宝 刚 睡 <em>着</em>。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobǎo gāng shuì <em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The baby just fell asleep.</span>
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*超市 关门 了 ,你 要 的 东西 我 没 <strong>买</strong><em>着</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Chāoshì guānmén le, nǐ yào de dōngxi wǒ méi <strong>mǎi</strong><em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The supermarket is closed. I didn't buy things that you need.</span>
*你 的 手机 找 <em>着</em> 了 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shǒujī zhǎo <em>zháo</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you find your cell phone?</span>
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*我 终于 <strong>见</strong><em>着</em> 你 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhōngyú <strong>jiàn</strong><em>zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I have finally met you.</span>
*超市 关门 了 ,你 要 的 东西 我 没 买 <em>着</em> <span class="pinyin">Chāoshì guānmén le, nǐ yào de dōngxī wǒ méi mǎi <em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The supermarket is closed. I didn't buy things that you need.</span>
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*最近 太 忙 了,他 <strong>累</strong><em>着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zuìjìn tài máng le, tā <strong>lèi</strong><em>zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I've been so busy lately, he's tired.</span>
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</div>
  
</div>
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You might be wondering: "''why the heck would I use this instead of [[Result complements "-dao" and "-jian"|到]]?''" Hey, excellent question... we like the way you think! But native speakers ''do'' use 着 fairly often (especially in the north), so it's something you need to know. Also, 睡着 (shuì zháo), meaning "fall asleep," is an exception in that it is ''incorrect'' to say *睡到 to mean "fall asleep."
  
==Potential Complement==
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==Potential Complements -得着 and -不着==
  
 
===Structure===
 
===Structure===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Verb + / 不 + 着
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Verb + 得着 / 不着
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
When used with 得 or 不, 着 functions as a [[potential complement]], and denotes that one's one's ability is up (or not) to the task in question. This is like saying "(verb) able to reach" or “(verb) not able to reach."
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When used with 得 or 不, 着 functions as a [[potential complement]], and denotes that one's one's ability is up (or not) to the task in question.
  
 
===Examples===
 
===Examples===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
*现在 <em>不 着</em> 这样 的 衣服 了。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài mǎi <em>zháo</em> zhèyàng de yīfúle.</span><span class="trans">You can't buy such clothes now.</span>
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*现在 <strong>买</strong> <em>不 着</em> 这样 的 衣服 了。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài <strong>mǎi</strong> <em>buzháo</em> zhèyàng de yīfu le.</span><span class="trans">You can't buy such clothes now.</span>
*晚上 我 <em>不 着</em> 的 时候 就 看书。<span class="pinyin">Wǎnshàng wǒ <em>shuì bù zháo</em> de shíhòu jiù kànshū.</span><span class="trans">Last night, when I wasn't able to get to sleep, I read a book.</span>
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*晚上 我 <strong>睡</strong> <em>不 着</em> 的 时候 就 看书。<span class="pinyin">Wǎnshang <strong>shuì</strong> <em>buzháo</em> de shíhou jiù kànshū.</span><span class="trans">At night when can't get to sleep, I read a book.</span>
*我 的 手机 <em>不 着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī <em>zhǎo bù zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I wasn't able to find my cell phone.</span>
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*我 的 手机 <strong>找</strong> <em>不 着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī <strong>zhǎo</strong> <em>buzháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I can't find my cell phone.</span>
*这么 晚 了,<em>得 着</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zhème wǎnle, <em>mǎi dé zháo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">It's so late already, can you buy it?</span>
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*这么 晚 了,<strong>买</strong> <em>得 着</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zhème wǎn le, <strong>mǎi</strong> <em>dezháo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">It's so late already, can we buy it?</span>
*我 在 国外 <em>不 着</em> 地道 的 中国 菜 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài guówài <em>chī bù zháo</em> dìdào de Zhōngguó cài.</span><span class="trans">I can't eat authentic Chinese food.</span>
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*我 在 国外 <strong>吃</strong> <em>不 着</em> 地道 的 中国 菜 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài guówài <strong>chī</strong> <em>buzháo</em> dìdao de Zhōngguó cài.</span><span class="trans">Outside of China, I can't get authentic Chinese food.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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[[Category: Result complement]]
 
[[Category: Result complement]]
 
{{Basic Grammar|着|B2|Verb + 着|宝宝 刚 睡 <em>着</em>。|grammar point|ASGM5ZAB}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|着|B2|Verb + 着|宝宝 刚 睡 <em>着</em>。|grammar point|ASGM5ZAB}}
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{{Rel char|不着}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "kai"}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "kai"}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "huai"}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "huai"}}

Latest revision as of 02:50, 29 December 2020

Chinese-grammar-wiki-zhe.jpg

When used as a resultative complement, -着 (zháo) expresses that the action has reached its purpose or has had an outcome. It can also be used as a potential complement, meaning "able to."

Resultative Complement -着

Structure

All you have to do is put -着 after the verb. Remember that it should be something that you can reach or achieve. It could be a purpose, or it can be producing an outcome or an influence.

Verb + 着

Remember: that 着 is pronounced "zháo and not "zhe"!

Examples

  • 宝宝 刚 Bǎobao gāng shuìzháo.The baby just fell asleep.
  • 你 的 手机 了 吗?Nǐ de shǒujī zhǎozháo le ma?Did you find your cell phone?
  • 超市 关门 了 ,你 要 的 东西 我 没 Chāoshì guānmén le, nǐ yào de dōngxi wǒ méi mǎizháo.The supermarket is closed. I didn't buy things that you need.
  • 我 终于 你 了。Wǒ zhōngyú jiànzháo nǐ le.I have finally met you.
  • 最近 太 忙 了,他 了。Zuìjìn tài máng le, tā lèizháo le.I've been so busy lately, he's tired.

You might be wondering: "why the heck would I use this instead of ?" Hey, excellent question... we like the way you think! But native speakers do use 着 fairly often (especially in the north), so it's something you need to know. Also, 睡着 (shuì zháo), meaning "fall asleep," is an exception in that it is incorrect to say *睡到 to mean "fall asleep."

Potential Complements -得着 and -不着

Structure

Verb + 得着 / 不着

When used with 得 or 不, 着 functions as a potential complement, and denotes that one's one's ability is up (or not) to the task in question.

Examples

  • 现在 不 着 这样 的 衣服 了。Xiànzài mǎi buzháo zhèyàng de yīfu le.You can't buy such clothes now.
  • 晚上 我 不 着 的 时候 就 看书。Wǎnshang wǒ shuì buzháo de shíhou jiù kànshū.At night when can't get to sleep, I read a book.
  • 我 的 手机 不 着 了。Wǒ de shǒujī zhǎo buzháo le.I can't find my cell phone.
  • 这么 晚 了, 得 着 吗?Zhème wǎn le, mǎi dezháo ma?It's so late already, can we buy it?
  • 我 在 国外 不 着 地道 的 中国 菜 。Wǒ zài guówài chī buzháo dìdao de Zhōngguó cài.Outside of China, I can't get authentic Chinese food.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK5