Difference between revisions of "Complement "-zhao""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
When used as a resultative complement, 着 (zháo) expresses that the action has reached its purpose or has had an outcome. It can also be used as a potential complement, meaning "able to."
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When used as a resultative complement, -着 (zháo) expresses that the action has reached its purpose or has had an outcome. It can also be used as a potential complement, meaning "able to."
  
==Resultative Complement==
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==Resultative Complement -着==
  
 
===Structure===
 
===Structure===
  
All you have to do is put 着 after the verb. Remember that it should be something that you can reach or achieve. It could be a purpose, or it can be producing an outcome or an influence.  
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All you have to do is put -着 after the verb. Remember that it should be something that you can reach or achieve. It could be a purpose, or it can be producing an outcome or an influence.  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
*我 终于 见 <em>着</em> 你 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhōngyú jiàn <em>zháo</em> nǐ le.</span><span class="trans">I have finally met you.</span>
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*宝宝 刚 <strong>睡</strong><em>着</em><span class="pinyin">Bǎobao gāng <strong>shuì</strong><em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The baby just fell asleep.</span>
*最近 太 忙 了,他 累 <em>着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zuìjìn tài máng le, tā lèi <em>zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I've been so busy lately, he's tired.</span>
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*你 的 手机 <strong>找</strong><em>着</em> 了 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shǒujī <strong>zhǎo</strong><em>zháo</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you find your cell phone?</span>
*宝宝 刚 睡 <em>着</em>。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobǎo gāng shuì <em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The baby just fell asleep.</span>
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*超市 关门 了 ,你 要 的 东西 我 没 <strong>买</strong><em>着</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Chāoshì guānmén le, nǐ yào de dōngxi wǒ méi <strong>mǎi</strong><em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The supermarket is closed. I didn't buy things that you need.</span>
*你 的 手机 找 <em>着</em> 了 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shǒujī zhǎo <em>zháo</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you find your cell phone?</span>
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*我 终于 <strong>见</strong><em>着</em> 你 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhōngyú <strong>jiàn</strong><em>zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I have finally met you.</span>
*超市 关门 了 ,你 要 的 东西 我 没 买 <em>着</em> <span class="pinyin">Chāoshì guānmén le, nǐ yào de dōngxī wǒ méi mǎi <em>zháo</em>.</span><span class="trans">The supermarket is closed. I didn't buy things that you need.</span>
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*最近 太 忙 了,他 <strong>累</strong><em>着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Zuìjìn tài máng le, tā <strong>lèi</strong><em>zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I've been so busy lately, he's tired.</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
You might be wondering: "''why the heck would I use this instead of [[Result complements "-dao" and "-jian"|到]]?''" Good question! But native speakers do (especially in the north), so it's something you need to know. Also, 睡着 (shuì zháo), meaning "fall asleep," is an exception in that it cannot be replaced with *睡到.
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You might be wondering: "''why the heck would I use this instead of [[Result complements "-dao" and "-jian"|到]]?''" Hey, excellent question... we like the way you think! But native speakers ''do'' use 着 fairly often (especially in the north), so it's something you need to know. Also, 睡着 (shuì zháo), meaning "fall asleep," is an exception in that it is ''incorrect'' to say *睡到 to mean "fall asleep."
  
==Potential Complement==
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==Potential Complements -得着 and -不着==
  
 
===Structure===
 
===Structure===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Verb + / 不 + 着
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Verb + 得着 / 不着
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
When used with 得 or 不, 着 functions as a [[potential complement]], and denotes that one's one's ability is up (or not) to the task in question. This is like saying "(verb) able to reach" or “(verb) not able to reach."
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When used with 得 or 不, 着 functions as a [[potential complement]], and denotes that one's one's ability is up (or not) to the task in question.
  
 
===Examples===
 
===Examples===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
*现在 <em>不 着</em> 这样 的 衣服 了。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài mǎi <em>zháo</em> zhèyàng de yīfúle.</span><span class="trans">You can't buy such clothes now.</span>
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*现在 <strong>买</strong> <em>不 着</em> 这样 的 衣服 了。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài <strong>mǎi</strong> <em>buzháo</em> zhèyàng de yīfu le.</span><span class="trans">You can't buy such clothes now.</span>
*晚上 我 <em>不 着</em> 的 时候 就 看书。<span class="pinyin">Wǎnshàng wǒ <em>shuì bù zháo</em> de shíhòu jiù kànshū.</span><span class="trans">Last night, when I wasn't able to get to sleep, I read a book.</span>
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*晚上 我 <strong>睡</strong> <em>不 着</em> 的 时候 就 看书。<span class="pinyin">Wǎnshang <strong>shuì</strong> <em>buzháo</em> de shíhou jiù kànshū.</span><span class="trans">At night when can't get to sleep, I read a book.</span>
*我 的 手机 <em>不 着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī <em>zhǎo bù zháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I wasn't able to find my cell phone.</span>
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*我 的 手机 <strong>找</strong> <em>不 着</em> 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī <strong>zhǎo</strong> <em>buzháo</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I can't find my cell phone.</span>
*这么 晚 了,<em>得 着</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zhème wǎn le, <em>mǎi de zháo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">It's so late already, can you buy it?</span>
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*这么 晚 了,<strong>买</strong> <em>得 着</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zhème wǎn le, <strong>mǎi</strong> <em>dezháo</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">It's so late already, can we buy it?</span>
*我 在 国外 <em>不 着</em> 地道 的 中国 菜 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài guówài <em>chī bù zháo</em> dìdào de Zhōngguó cài.</span><span class="trans">I can't eat authentic Chinese food.</span>
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*我 在 国外 <strong>吃</strong> <em>不 着</em> 地道 的 中国 菜 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zài guówài <strong>chī</strong> <em>buzháo</em> dìdao de Zhōngguó cài.</span><span class="trans">Outside of China, I can't get authentic Chinese food.</span>
  
 
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[[Category: Result complement]]
 
[[Category: Result complement]]
 
{{Basic Grammar|着|B2|Verb + 着|宝宝 刚 睡 <em>着</em>。|grammar point|ASGM5ZAB}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|着|B2|Verb + 着|宝宝 刚 睡 <em>着</em>。|grammar point|ASGM5ZAB}}
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{{Rel char|不着}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "kai"}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "kai"}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "huai"}}
 
{{Similar|Resultative Complement "huai"}}

Latest revision as of 02:50, 29 December 2020

Chinese-grammar-wiki-zhe.jpg

When used as a resultative complement, -着 (zháo) expresses that the action has reached its purpose or has had an outcome. It can also be used as a potential complement, meaning "able to."

Resultative Complement -着

Structure

All you have to do is put -着 after the verb. Remember that it should be something that you can reach or achieve. It could be a purpose, or it can be producing an outcome or an influence.

Verb + 着

Remember: that 着 is pronounced "zháo and not "zhe"!

Examples

  • 宝宝 刚 Bǎobao gāng shuìzháo.The baby just fell asleep.
  • 你 的 手机 了 吗?Nǐ de shǒujī zhǎozháo le ma?Did you find your cell phone?
  • 超市 关门 了 ,你 要 的 东西 我 没 Chāoshì guānmén le, nǐ yào de dōngxi wǒ méi mǎizháo.The supermarket is closed. I didn't buy things that you need.
  • 我 终于 你 了。Wǒ zhōngyú jiànzháo nǐ le.I have finally met you.
  • 最近 太 忙 了,他 了。Zuìjìn tài máng le, tā lèizháo le.I've been so busy lately, he's tired.

You might be wondering: "why the heck would I use this instead of ?" Hey, excellent question... we like the way you think! But native speakers do use 着 fairly often (especially in the north), so it's something you need to know. Also, 睡着 (shuì zháo), meaning "fall asleep," is an exception in that it is incorrect to say *睡到 to mean "fall asleep."

Potential Complements -得着 and -不着

Structure

Verb + 得着 / 不着

When used with 得 or 不, 着 functions as a potential complement, and denotes that one's one's ability is up (or not) to the task in question.

Examples

  • 现在 不 着 这样 的 衣服 了。Xiànzài mǎi buzháo zhèyàng de yīfu le.You can't buy such clothes now.
  • 晚上 我 不 着 的 时候 就 看书。Wǎnshang wǒ shuì buzháo de shíhou jiù kànshū.At night when can't get to sleep, I read a book.
  • 我 的 手机 不 着 了。Wǒ de shǒujī zhǎo buzháo le.I can't find my cell phone.
  • 这么 晚 了, 得 着 吗?Zhème wǎn le, mǎi dezháo ma?It's so late already, can we buy it?
  • 我 在 国外 不 着 地道 的 中国 菜 。Wǒ zài guówài chī buzháo dìdao de Zhōngguó cài.Outside of China, I can't get authentic Chinese food.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK5