Connecting nouns with "shi"

The verb to be is not used in Chinese the same way as it is in English. In Chinese, 是 (shì) is for connecting nouns, and is generally not used with adjectives.

Basic Sentence

Structure

The structure for connecting nouns with 是 (shì) is:

Noun 1 + 是 + Noun 2

This is equivalent to "Noun 1 is Noun 2" in English.

Chinese does not conjugate verbs. That is, the form of the verb is the same no matter who is doing it. In this case, it is always 是 (shì) and never changes. As you can see, it's easy to form simple sentences expressing to be in Chinese. The only tricky thing about 是 (shì) in Chinese is that it's used to link two nouns, so you can't rely too much on translating directly from English when it comes to expressing the English verb "to be" in Chinese.

Examples

  • 学生I am a student.
  • 医生She is a doctor.
  • 老师He is a teacher.
  • This is a book.
  • 杯子That is a cup.
  • 我 的 老板She is my boss.
  • 这 些 These are flowers.
  • 你 的 水That is your water.
  • 我 的 衣服These are my clothes.
  • 我 的 朋友You are my friend.

Other Uses of 是

Be careful and take note. As you can see above, 是 (shì) is only used to link two nouns. It cannot be used to link a noun and an adjective. This is a very common mistake for people just beginning to learn Chinese. For that kind of sentence, you'll want to use a different structure with the linking word 很.

In Chinese it is also possible to use the phrase "是不是?". It can be used at the beginning or end of a sentence. It's meaning is quite similar to the English word: "right" or "aren't you"? This is very useful if you want to express concern for a person, or if you want to mix up your sentence structure a bit and make it more interesting. The 是不是 pattern is also part of the Affirmative-negative questions.

Another way to use 是 (shì) is to use it as a tag question. You can add “是吗?” (shì ma) to the end of a question to mean the English equivalent of: "is it" or "yeah"? Using this in a question usually allows the speaker to get a confirmation answer.

Examples

  • 你 还 饿 , 是 不 是You're still hungry, aren't you?
  • 他 没 听 到, 是 不 是He didn't hear you, right?
  • 是 不 是 还 没 吃 饭 ? Have you not haven't eaten yet?
  • 是 不 是 中 国 人 ? Are you Chinese?
  • 你 到 了 , 是 吗 You have arrived, yeah?
  • 这 是 茶 , 是 吗 This is tea, yeah?
  • 他 是 美 国 人, 是 吗 He is American, correct?

See also

Sources and further reading