Difference between revisions of "Ending a non-exhaustive list with "shenme de""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
什么的(shénme de) is an informal way to express "etc.," and is used to end a list of items when it is obvious to the listener what class of things the speaker is talking about. 什么的 can also be used after a single item if it is obvious enough what might follow.  
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什么的 (shénme de) is an informal way to express "and so on," and is used to end a list of items when it is obvious to the listener what class of things the speaker is talking about. 什么的 can also be used after a single item if it is obvious enough what might follow.  
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
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<div class="liju">
  
*我 奶奶 不 吃 肉 ,只 吃 蔬菜 、豆腐 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ nǎinai bù chī ròu, zhī chī shūcài, dòufu <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">My grandma doesn't eat meat. She only eats vegetables, tofu, and so on.</span>
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*我 奶奶 不 吃 肉 ,只 吃 蔬菜 、豆腐 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ nǎinai bù chī ròu, zhǐ chī shūcài, dòufu <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">My grandma doesn't eat meat. She only eats vegetables, tofu, and so on.</span>
*养狗 很 麻烦 ,你 要 喂 它 ,给 洗澡 ,跟 它 玩 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yǎng gǒu hěn máfan, nǐ yào wèi tā, gěi tā xǐzǎo, gēn tā wán <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">Having a dog is too much trouble. You need to feed it, give it a bath, play with it, and so on.</span>
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*养狗 很 麻烦 ,你 要 喂 它 ,给 洗澡 ,跟 它 玩 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yǎng gǒu hěn máfan, nǐ yào wèi tā, gěi tā xǐzǎo, gēn tā wán <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">Having a dog is too much trouble. You need to feed it, give it a bath, play with it, and so on.</span>
 
*数学 、物理 、化学 <em>什么的</em> ,我 都 不 感兴趣 。<span class="pinyin">Shùxué, wùlǐ, huàxué <em>shénme de</em>, wǒ dōu bù gǎnxìngqù.</span><span class="trans">Math, physics, chemistry, and so on. I'm not interested in any of them.</span>
 
*数学 、物理 、化学 <em>什么的</em> ,我 都 不 感兴趣 。<span class="pinyin">Shùxué, wùlǐ, huàxué <em>shénme de</em>, wǒ dōu bù gǎnxìngqù.</span><span class="trans">Math, physics, chemistry, and so on. I'm not interested in any of them.</span>
*我 喜欢 实用 的 礼物 ,手表 、衣服 、书 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐhuan shíyòng de lǐwù, shǒubiǎo, yīfu, shū <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">I like practical presents, watch, clothes, books and so on.</span>
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*我 喜欢 实用 的 礼物 ,手表 、衣服 、书 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐhuan shíyòng de lǐwù, shǒubiǎo, yīfu, shū <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">I like practical presents: watches, clothes, books, and so on.</span>
*我们 见面 一般 就是 吃饭、聊天 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen jiànmiàn yībān jiùshì chīfàn, liáotiān <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">When we meet, we just eat and talk, and so on.</span>
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*我们 见面 一般 就是 吃饭、聊天 <em>什么的</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen jiànmiàn yībān jiùshì chīfàn, liáotiān <em>shénme de</em>.</span><span class="trans">When we meet, we just eat a meal, chat, and so on.</span>
*明天 去 野餐 ,我们 要 不 要 买 一些 水果 ,零食 <em>什么的</em> ?<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān qù yěcān, wǒmen yào bu yào mǎi yīxiē shuǐguǒ, língshí <em>shénme de</em>?</span><span class="trans">We are going on picnic tomorrow. Shall we buy some fruits, snacks, and so on?</span>
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*明天 去 野餐 ,我们 要 不 要 买 一些 水果、零食 <em>什么的</em> ?<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān qù yěcān, wǒmen yào bu yào mǎi yīxiē shuǐguǒ, língshí <em>shénme de</em>?</span><span class="trans">We are going on picnic tomorrow. Shall we buy some fruits, snacks, and so on?</span>
 
*跑步、游泳 、篮球 <em>什么的</em> ,这些 运动 他 都 喜欢 。<span class="pinyin">Pǎobù, yóuyǒng, lánqiú <em>shénme de</em>, zhèxiē yùndòng tā dōu xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">Running, swimming, basketball, and so on. He likes all these sports.</span>
 
*跑步、游泳 、篮球 <em>什么的</em> ,这些 运动 他 都 喜欢 。<span class="pinyin">Pǎobù, yóuyǒng, lánqiú <em>shénme de</em>, zhèxiē yùndòng tā dōu xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">Running, swimming, basketball, and so on. He likes all these sports.</span>
*长城 、故宫 <em>什么的</em> ,都 是 北京 很 有名 的 景点 。<span class="pinyin">Chángchéng, Gùgōng <em>shénme de</em>, dōu shì Běijīng hěn yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.</span><span class="trans">The Great Wall, Summer Palace, and so on. They're all very famous tourist attractions in Beijing.</span>
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*长城 、故宫 <em>什么的</em> ,都 是 北京 很 有名 的 景点 。<span class="pinyin">Chángchéng, Gùgōng <em>shénme de</em>, dōu shì Běijīng hěn yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.</span><span class="trans">The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and so on. They're all very famous tourist attractions in Beijing.</span>
*一个人 住 ,洗衣服 、做饭 <em>什么的</em> 都 要 自己 做 。<span class="pinyin">Yīgèrén zhù, xǐ yīfu, zuòfàn <em>shénme de</em> dōu yào zìjǐ zuò.</span><span class="trans">When you live alone, you need to do things all by yourself, doing laundry, cooking, and so on.</span>
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*一个人 住 ,洗衣服 、做饭 <em>什么的</em> 都 要 自己 做 。<span class="pinyin">Yīgèrén zhù, xǐ yīfu, zuòfàn <em>shénme de</em> dōu yào zìjǐ zuò.</span><span class="trans">When you live alone, laundry, cooking, and so on all need to be done yourself.</span>
*电视 、洗衣机 <em>什么的</em> ,我 爸爸 都 会 修 。<span class="pinyin">Diànshì, xǐyījī <em>shénme de</em>, wǒ bàba dōu huì xiū.</span><span class="trans">Television, washing machine, and so on. My father can fix many things.</span>
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*电视 、洗衣机 <em>什么的</em> ,我 爸爸 都 会 修 。<span class="pinyin">Diànshì, xǐyījī <em>shénme de</em>, wǒ bàba dōu huì xiū.</span><span class="trans">Televisions, washing machines, and so on. My father can fix all those.</span>
  
 
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 4下|51}}
 
{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|304-7}}
 
{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|304-7}}
 
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|121}}  
 
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|121}}  
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[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK4}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|什么|B1|Noun 1, Noun 2 + 什么的|明天 去 野餐 ,我们 要 不 要 买 一些 水果 ,零食 <em>什么的</em> 。|grammar point|ASGDIDAC}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|什么|B1|Noun 1, Noun 2 + 什么的|明天 去 野餐 ,我们 要 不 要 买 一些 水果 ,零食 <em>什么的</em> 。|grammar point|ASGDIDAC}}
 
{{Similar|Listing Things with "a"}}
 
{{Similar|Listing Things with "a"}}

Latest revision as of 04:49, 9 March 2019

什么的 (shénme de) is an informal way to express "and so on," and is used to end a list of items when it is obvious to the listener what class of things the speaker is talking about. 什么的 can also be used after a single item if it is obvious enough what might follow.

Structure

Noun 1, Noun 2 (+ Noun 3) + 什么的

Examples

  • 我 奶奶 不 吃 肉 ,只 吃 蔬菜 、豆腐 什么的Wǒ nǎinai bù chī ròu, zhǐ chī shūcài, dòufu shénme de.My grandma doesn't eat meat. She only eats vegetables, tofu, and so on.
  • 养狗 很 麻烦 ,你 要 喂 它 ,给 它 洗澡 ,跟 它 玩 什么的Yǎng gǒu hěn máfan, nǐ yào wèi tā, gěi tā xǐzǎo, gēn tā wán shénme de.Having a dog is too much trouble. You need to feed it, give it a bath, play with it, and so on.
  • 数学 、物理 、化学 什么的 ,我 都 不 感兴趣 。Shùxué, wùlǐ, huàxué shénme de, wǒ dōu bù gǎnxìngqù.Math, physics, chemistry, and so on. I'm not interested in any of them.
  • 我 喜欢 实用 的 礼物 ,手表 、衣服 、书 什么的Wǒ xǐhuan shíyòng de lǐwù, shǒubiǎo, yīfu, shū shénme de.I like practical presents: watches, clothes, books, and so on.
  • 我们 见面 一般 就是 吃饭、聊天 什么的Wǒmen jiànmiàn yībān jiùshì chīfàn, liáotiān shénme de.When we meet, we just eat a meal, chat, and so on.
  • 明天 去 野餐 ,我们 要 不 要 买 一些 水果、零食 什么的Míngtiān qù yěcān, wǒmen yào bu yào mǎi yīxiē shuǐguǒ, língshí shénme de?We are going on picnic tomorrow. Shall we buy some fruits, snacks, and so on?
  • 跑步、游泳 、篮球 什么的 ,这些 运动 他 都 喜欢 。Pǎobù, yóuyǒng, lánqiú shénme de, zhèxiē yùndòng tā dōu xǐhuan.Running, swimming, basketball, and so on. He likes all these sports.
  • 长城 、故宫 什么的 ,都 是 北京 很 有名 的 景点 。Chángchéng, Gùgōng shénme de, dōu shì Běijīng hěn yǒumíng de jǐngdiǎn.The Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and so on. They're all very famous tourist attractions in Beijing.
  • 一个人 住 ,洗衣服 、做饭 什么的 都 要 自己 做 。Yīgèrén zhù, xǐ yīfu, zuòfàn shénme de dōu yào zìjǐ zuò.When you live alone, laundry, cooking, and so on all need to be done yourself.
  • 电视 、洗衣机 什么的 ,我 爸爸 都 会 修 。Diànshì, xǐyījī shénme de, wǒ bàba dōu huì xiū.Televisions, washing machines, and so on. My father can fix all those.

It can be a little impolite to use 什么的 after a list of peoples names, in which case can be used in place of 什么的. When referring to a list of friends in informal contexts there is no problem using 什么的.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books