Difference between revisions of "Expressing "not anymore" with "le""

m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK1}}" to "{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}")
 
(23 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
In a negative sentence, the [[modal particle "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer."  The word [[已经|已经 (yǐjīng)]], which [[Expressing "already" with "le"|means "already,"]] may nor may not accompany it.
+
In a negative sentence, the [[Change of state with "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer."  The word [[已经|已经 (yǐjīng)]], which [[Expressing "already" with "yijing"|means "already,"]] may nor may not accompany it.
 +
 
 +
== 不 with Only 了 ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
[[已经]] (yǐjīng) is optional for this pattern, but either [[]] (bù) or [[没有]] (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The sentence-final [[]] (le) is, of course, essential.
+
<div class="jiegou">
 +
不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
Note that without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would <em>no longer [[Change of state with "le"|indicate a change]]</em> (which is the whole point of the word "anymore").
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em></em> xiǎng chī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't want to eat anymore.</span>
 +
*你 <em>不</em> 喜欢 我 <em>了</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em> xǐhuan wǒ <em>le</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">You don't like me anymore?</span>
 +
*你们 <em>不</em> 能 打 <em></em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>bù</em> néng dǎ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">You can't fight anymore.</span>
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
== 没有 with Only 了 ==
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了
 +
</div>
 +
 +
Again, without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would <em>no longer [[Change of state with "le"|indicate a change]]</em> (which is the whole point of the word "anymore").
 +
 +
=== Examples ===
 +
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 +
*<em>没有</em> 纸 <em>了</em> 。<span class="expl">in other words, "we're out of paper"</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Méiyǒu</em> zhǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">There's no paper anymore.</span>
 +
*手机 <em>没</em> 电 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Shǒujī <em>méi</em> diàn <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">My cell phone has run out of power.</span>
 +
*他 <em>没有</em> 家 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> jiā <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't have a home anymore.</span>
 +
 +
</div>
  
(已经 +) 不 / 没(有) + [Verb Phrase] + 了
+
== Adding 已经 for Emphasis ==
  
 +
Use of the word [[已经]] (yǐjīng) to mean "anymore" is optional for this pattern, but either [[不]] (bù) or [[没有]] (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The [[Change of state with "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] is required, though, [[Expressing "already" with "yijing"|since 已经 is used]].
 +
 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
已经 + 不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
已经 + 没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 17: Line 61:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*<em>没有</em> <em></em> 。<span class="expl">in other words, "we're out of paper"</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Méiyǒu</em> zhǐ <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">There's no paper anymore.</span>
+
*<strong>已经</strong> <em></em> 住 这里 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em></em> zhù zhèlǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't live here anymore.</span>
*手机 <em>没有</em> 电 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Shǒujī <em>méiyǒu</em> diàn <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">My cellphone has run out of power.</span>
+
*<strong>已经</strong> <em>不</em> 在 这儿 工作 <em>了</em> <span class="pinyin"><strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>bù</em> zài zhèr gōngzuò <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't work here anymore.</span>
*他 <em>没有</em> 家 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> jiā <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">He doesn't have his home anymore. </span>
+
*他们 <strong>已经</strong> <em></em> 在 一起 <em></em> <span class="pinyin">Tāmen <strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>bù</em> zài yīqǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">They are no longer together.</span>
*我们 都 <em>没有</em> 钱 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>méiyǒu</em> qián <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">We all don't have any more money.</span>
+
*我们 <strong>已经</strong> <em>没有</em> <em></em> <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>méiyǒu</em> qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">We all don't have money anymore.</span>
*你 <em>不</em> 喜欢 我 <em>了</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin"><em></em> xǐhuan wǒ <em>le</em> ma?</span> <span class="trans">You don't like me anymore?</span>
 
*我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em> xiǎng chī <em>le</em>. </span> <span class="trans">I don't want to eat anymore.</span>
 
*你们 <em></em> 能 喝 <em></em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em></em> néng hē <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">You can't drink anymore.</span>
 
*我 <em>已经 不</em> 住 这里 <em></em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zhù zhèlǐ <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">I don't live here anymore.</span>
 
*<em>已经 </em> 在 这儿 工作 <em></em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài zhèr gōngzuò <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">He doesn't work here anymore. </span>
 
*他们 <em>已经 不</em> 在 一起 <em></em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>yǐjīng bù</em> zài yīqǐ <em>le</em>.</span> <span class="trans">They are no longer together. </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 32: Line 70:
 
== See also ==
 
== See also ==
  
* [[Expressing "already" with "le"]]
+
* [[Expressing "already" with "yijing"]]
 +
* [[Expressing "already" with just "le"]]
 +
* [[Change of state with "le"]]
 
* [[Uses of "le"]]
 
* [[Uses of "le"]]
  
Line 51: Line 91:
 
* Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/ Chinese le grammar summary (了)]
 
* Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/ Chinese le grammar summary (了)]
  
{{Basic Grammar|了|A2|不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了|不 想 <em>了</em>。|grammar point|ASGFR96B}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|了|A2|不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了|我 <em></em> <em>了</em> 。|grammar point|ASGFR96B}}
 
[[Category: A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: A2 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to changes of situation}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to changes of situation}}
 
{{Similar|Uses of "le"}}
 
{{Similar|Uses of "le"}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}

Latest revision as of 09:20, 20 April 2021

Chinese-grammar-wiki-le.jpg

In a negative sentence, the sentence-final 了 (le) can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer." The word 已经 (yǐjīng), which means "already," may nor may not accompany it.

不 with Only 了

Structure

不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了

Note that without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would no longer indicate a change (which is the whole point of the word "anymore").

Examples

  • 想 吃 xiǎng chī le.I don't want to eat anymore.
  • 喜欢 我 吗? xǐhuan wǒ le ma?You don't like me anymore?
  • 你们 能 打 Nǐmen néng dǎ le.You can't fight anymore.

没有 with Only 了

Structure

没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了

Again, without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would no longer indicate a change (which is the whole point of the word "anymore").

Examples

  • 没有in other words, "we're out of paper"Méiyǒu zhǐ le.There's no paper anymore.
  • 手机 Shǒujī méi diàn le.My cell phone has run out of power.
  • 没有méiyǒu jiā le.He doesn't have a home anymore.

Adding 已经 for Emphasis

Use of the word 已经 (yǐjīng) to mean "anymore" is optional for this pattern, but either (bù) or 没有 (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The sentence-final 了 (le) is required, though, since 已经 is used.

Structure

已经 + 不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了

已经 + 没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了

Examples

  • 已经 住 这里 yǐjīng zhù zhèlǐ le.I don't live here anymore.
  • 已经 在 这儿 工作 yǐjīng zài zhèr gōngzuò le.He doesn't work here anymore.
  • 他们 已经 在 一起 Tāmen yǐjīng zài yīqǐ le.They are no longer together.
  • 我们 已经 没有Wǒmen yǐjīng méiyǒu qián le.We all don't have money anymore.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites