Difference between revisions of "Expressing "not even one""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
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In English we might want to say something like "I have absolutely no money, not even one penny." Expressing that "not even one" can take one of several forms, all of which are common in everyday Chinese.
  
In English we might want to say something like "I have absolutely no money, not even one penny." That "not even one" is the focus of this article.
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== Basic Pattern ==
  
== Structure ==
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=== Structure ===
  
This structure is usually used for emphasizing how little of something you have. The measure word in the middle of the sentence and the noun should be compatible with the verb at the end.  
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This structure is usually used for emphasizing how little of something there is. The measure word in the middle of the sentence and the noun should be compatible with the verb at the end.  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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一 + Measure Word + Noun + [也 / 都] + [不 / 没] + Verb
一 + Measure Word + (Noun) + 也 / 都 + 不 / 没 + Verb
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>一</em> <em>都</em> 没 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yī</em> kǒu <em>dōu</em> méi chī. </span> <span class="trans">I didn't take a single bite. </span>
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*<em>一</em> 句 话 <em>都</em> 没 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yī</em> jù huà <em>dōu</em> méi shuō.</span><span class="trans">He didn't say a thing.</span>
* 他 <em>一</em> 句 中文 <em>都</em> 不 会 说 。 <span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yī</em> jù Zhōngwén <em>dōu</em> bù huì shuō. </span> <span class="trans">He can't speak one sentence of Chinese.</span>
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*他 <em>一</em> 句 中文 <em>都</em> 不 会 说 。 <span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yī</em> jù Zhōngwén <em>dōu</em> bù huì shuō.</span><span class="trans">He can't speak one sentence of Chinese.</span>
* 为什么 这里 <em>一</em> 个 人 <em>都</em> 没有 ? <span class="pinyin">Wèishénme zhèlǐ <em>yī</em> gè rén <em>dōu</em> méiyǒu? </span> <span class="trans">Why aren't there any people here? </span>
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*为什么 这里 <em>一</em> 个 人 <em>都</em> 没有 ? <span class="pinyin">Wèishénme zhèlǐ <em>yī</em> gè rén <em>dōu</em> méiyǒu? </span><span class="trans">Why is there not a single person here? </span>
* <em>一</em> 瓶 酒 <em></em> 没 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yī</em> píng jiǔ <em></em> méi . </span> <span class="trans">She didn't drink a bottle of wine. </span>
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*<em>一</em> <em></em> 没 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>yī</em> kǒu <em>dōu</em> méi chī.</span><span class="trans">I haven't had a single bite.</span>
* 来 上海 以前 , 他 <em>一</em> 个 外国 朋友 <em>都</em> 没有 。 <span class="pinyin">Lái Shànghǎi yǐqián, tā <em>yī</em> gè wàiguó péngyou <em>dōu</em> méiyǒu. </span> <span class="trans">He didn't have a foreign friend before he came to Shanghai. </span>
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*来 上海 以前 , 他 <em>一</em> 个 外国 朋友 <em>都</em> 没有 。 <span class="pinyin">Lái Shànghǎi yǐqián, tā <em>yī</em> gè wàiguó péngyou <em>dōu</em> méiyǒu.</span><span class="trans">He didn't have a single foreign friend before coming to Shanghai.</span>
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*她 <em>一</em> 瓶 可乐 <em>也</em> 没 喝 。 <span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yī</em> píng kělè <em>yě</em> méi hē.</span><span class="trans">She didn't drink a single bottle of cola.</span>
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*我 <em>一</em>点 消息 <em>都</em> 不 知道 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yī</em> diǎn xiāoxi <em>dōu</em> bù zhīdào.</span><span class="trans">I don't know a single thing.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Structure ==
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== Advanced Pattern ==
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=== Structure ===
  
If you want to put the [[Topic-comment sentences|topic]] of your conversation at the beginning of the sentence, make sure it has a strong emphasis or some kind of exaggerated remark.  
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If you want to put the [[Topic-comment sentences|topic]] of your conversation at the beginning of the sentence, make sure the comment which follows has a strong emphasis or some kind of extreme quality.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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Topic + Subj. + 一 + Measure Word + Noun + [也 / 都] + Verb
Topic + Subj. + 一 + Measure Word + (Noun) + 也 / 都 + Verb
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <strong>这 个 人</strong> 我 <em>一</em> 次 <em>都</em> 没 见 过 。 <span class="pinyin"><strong> zhè gè rén</strong> wǒ <em> yī</em> cì <em> dōu</em> méi jiàn guò.</span> <span class="trans">I haven't seen this person once.</span>
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*<strong>这个 人</strong> 我 <em>一</em> 次 <em>都</em> 没 见 过 。 <span class="pinyin"><strong>Zhège rén </strong>wǒ <em>yī</em> cì <em></em> méi jiàn guo.</span><span class="trans">I've never met this person even once.</span>
* <strong>这样 的 菜</strong> 我 <em>一</em> 次 <em>也</em> 没 吃 过 。 <span class="pinyin"><strong> zhèyàng de cài</strong> wǒ <em>yī</em> cì <em> yě</em> méi chī guò.</span> <span class="trans">I've never eaten this kind of food before.</span>
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*<strong>这样 的 菜</strong> 我 <em>一</em> 次 <em>也</em> 没 吃 过 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Zhèyàng de cài </strong> wǒ <em>yī</em> cì <em>yě</em> méi chī guo.</span><span class="trans">I've never eaten this kind of food before.</span>
* <strong>这 次 活动</strong> 我们 公司 <em>一</em>个 人 <em>也</em> 没 参加 。 <span class="pinyin"><strong> zhè cì huódòng</strong> wǒmen gōngsī <em> yī</em> gè rén <em> yě</em> méi cānjiā.</span> <span class="trans">Not one person in our company has participated in this activity.</span>
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*<strong>这 次 活动</strong> 我们 公司 <em>一</em>个 人 <em>也</em> 没 参加 。 <span class="pinyin"><strong>Zhè cì huódòng </strong>wǒmen gōngsī <em>yī</em> gè rén <em>yě</em> méi cānjiā.</span><span class="trans">Not one person in our company has participated in this activity.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
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== See also ==
  
*[["Not at all"]]
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*[[Expressing "not at all" with "yidianr ye bu"]]
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*[[Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"]]
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]](p.153) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 3|4}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 37 - 9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|153}}
 
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|37 - 9}}
=== Dictionaries ===
 
 
 
=== Websites ===
 
  
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|一|B1|一 + Measure Word + (Noun) + 也 / 都 + Verb|<em>一</em> 句 中文 <em>都</em> 不 会 说。|grammar point|ASGUQ861}}
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{{HSK|HSK3}}
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{{Basic Grammar|一|B2|一 + Measure Word + (Noun) + 也 / 都 + 不 / 没 + Verb|<em>一</em> 句 中文 <em>都</em> 不 会 说 。|grammar point|ASGUQ861}}
 
{{Rel char|也}}
 
{{Rel char|也}}
 
{{Rel char|都}}
 
{{Rel char|都}}
{{Similar|"Not at all"}}   
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{{Similar|Expressing "not at all" with "yidianr ye bu"}}   
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{{Similar|Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"}} 
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{{Similar|Advanced uses of "lian"}}
 
{{Used for|Describing things}}
 
{{Used for|Describing things}}
 
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
 
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}

Latest revision as of 07:36, 19 January 2021

In English we might want to say something like "I have absolutely no money, not even one penny." Expressing that "not even one" can take one of several forms, all of which are common in everyday Chinese.

Basic Pattern

Structure

This structure is usually used for emphasizing how little of something there is. The measure word in the middle of the sentence and the noun should be compatible with the verb at the end.

一 + Measure Word + Noun + [也 / 都] + [不 / 没] + Verb

Examples

  • 句 话 没 说 。 jù huà dōu méi shuō.He didn't say a thing.
  • 句 中文 不 会 说 。 jù Zhōngwén dōu bù huì shuō.He can't speak one sentence of Chinese.
  • 为什么 这里 个 人 没有 ? Wèishénme zhèlǐ gè rén dōu méiyǒu? Why is there not a single person here?
  • 没 吃 。 kǒu dōu méi chī.I haven't had a single bite.
  • 来 上海 以前 , 他 个 外国 朋友 没有 。 Lái Shànghǎi yǐqián, tā gè wàiguó péngyou dōu méiyǒu.He didn't have a single foreign friend before coming to Shanghai.
  • 瓶 可乐 没 喝 。 píng kělè méi hē.She didn't drink a single bottle of cola.
  • 点 消息 不 知道 。 diǎn xiāoxi dōu bù zhīdào.I don't know a single thing.

Advanced Pattern

Structure

If you want to put the topic of your conversation at the beginning of the sentence, make sure the comment which follows has a strong emphasis or some kind of extreme quality.

Topic + Subj. + 一 + Measure Word + Noun + [也 / 都] + Verb

Examples

  • 这个 人 没 见 过 。 Zhège rén méi jiàn guo.I've never met this person even once.
  • 这样 的 菜 没 吃 过 。Zhèyàng de cài méi chī guo.I've never eaten this kind of food before.
  • 这 次 活动 我们 公司 个 人 没 参加 。 Zhè cì huódòng wǒmen gōngsī gè rén méi cānjiā.Not one person in our company has participated in this activity.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books