Difference between revisions of "Expressing "unless" with "chufei""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
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除非 (chúfēi) can be used as a conjunction and means "unless." 否则 (fǒuzé) or 要不然 (yàobùrán) often appear in the following phrase, to form a construction meaning "''unless'' x, ''otherwise'' y":
  
除非 (chúfēi) can be used as a conjunction, and means "unless." 否则 (fǒuzé) or 不然 (bùrán) often appear in the following phrase, to form a construction meaning "''unless'' x, ''otherwise'' y":
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== Pattern with 除非 ==
 
 
== Simplified Construction ==
 
  
 
The simplified construction more directly maps to the basic English usage of "unless," as in, "I won't do it ''unless'' you pay me."
 
The simplified construction more directly maps to the basic English usage of "unless," as in, "I won't do it ''unless'' you pay me."
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=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
除非 means "unless" in the following "y , 除非 x" pattern. The sentences below place emphasis on the part after 除非.
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<div class="jiegou">
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Result / Fact ,除非 + Condition
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</div>
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The sentences below place emphasis on the part after 除非.
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=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
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*我 不 去 ,<em>除非</em> 你 也 去 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù qù, <em>chúfēi</em> nǐ yě qù.</span><span class="trans">I won't go unless you go too.</span>
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*你 不能 进 ,<em>除非</em> 你 有 预约 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù néng jìn, <em>chúfēi</em> nǐ yǒu yùyuē.</span><span class="trans">You can't come in unless you have an appointment.</span>
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*我 不 说 ,<em>除非</em> 你 答应 我 你 不会 生气 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù shuō, <em>chúfēi</em> nǐ dāyìng wǒ nǐ bù huì shēngqì.</span><span class="trans">I won't tell you unless you promise me you won't get upset.</span>
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*你 不 会 这么 快 升职 ,<em>除非</em> 你 表现 很 好 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù huì zhème kuài shēngzhí, <em>chúfēi</em> nǐ biǎoxiàn hěn hǎo.</span><span class="trans">You won't get promoted so soon unless you perform very well.</span>
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*我们 公司 一般 不 允许 员工 请假 ,<em>除非</em> 理由 很 充分 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī yībān bù yǔnxǔ yuángōng qǐngjià, <em>chúfēi</em> lǐyóu hěn chōngfèn.</span><span class="trans">The company won't allow its staff time off unless they have a really good reason.</span>
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</div>
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== Pattern with Just 要不然 ==
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This simplified construction using 要不然 (or 不然) more directly maps to the basic English usage of "otherwise," as in: "Pay me. Otherwise, I won't do it."
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=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Result / Fact ,除非 + Condition
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Condition, (要) 不然 + Result  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
===Examples===
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=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
*我 不 去 <em>除非</em> 你 也 去 。<span class="trans">I won't go unless you go.</span>
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* 你 也 去,<em>要不然</em> 我 不 去 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yě qù, <em>yàobùrán</em> wǒ bù qù.</span><span class="trans">You go too. Otherwise, I won't go.</span>
*我 不 说  ,<em>除非</em> 你 答应 不会 生气 。<span class="trans">I won't tell you unless you promise me that you won't be upset.</span>
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* 马上 帮 叫车 ,<em>要不然</em> 我 赶不上 飞机 <span class="pinyin">Mǎshàng bāng wǒ jiào chē, <em>yàobùrán</em> wǒ gǎnbushàng fēijī.</span><span class="trans">I won't catch my flight unless you call a cab for me right now.</span>
*你 不 会 这么 快 升职 ,<em>除非</em> 你 表现 很 好 。<span class="trans">You won't get promoted so soon unless you perform very well.</span>
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* 老师 ,您 要 给 我们 一点 提示 ,<em>要不然</em> 谁 都 想不出 答案 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī, nín yào gěi wǒmen yīdiǎn tíshì, <em>yàobùrán</em> shéi dōu xiǎng bù chū dá'àn.</span><span class="trans">Teacher, we need you to give us a little hint. Otherwise, none of us will be able to figure out the answer.</span>
*我们 公司 一般 不 允许 员工 请假,<em>除非</em> 理由 很 充分 。<span class="trans">The company won't allow it's staff time off unless their reason is good enough.</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Advanced Construction ==
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== Full Pattern with 除非 and 否则 / 不然 ==
  
 
In the full construction, 除非 comes first, and the meaning is "''Unless'' x, ''otherwise'' y."
 
In the full construction, 除非 comes first, and the meaning is "''Unless'' x, ''otherwise'' y."
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
除非 + Condition ,否则 / 不然 + Result / Fact
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除非 + Condition ,[否则 / 不然] + [Result / Fact]
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
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*<em>除非</em> 你 是 会员 ,<em>否则</em> 不能 进去 <span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> nǐ shì huìyuán, <em>fǒuzé</em> bù néng jìnqù.</span><span class="trans">Unless you have a membership, you can't come in.</span>
* ,<em>除非</em> 。<span class="trans"> .</span>
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*<em>除非</em> 有 奇迹 ,<em>不然</em> 他 的 病 治 不好 <span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> yǒu qíjī, <em>bùrán</em> tā de bìng zhì bù hǎo.</span><span class="trans">Unless a miracle happens, his disease can't be cured.</span>
* ,<em>除非</em> 。<span class="trans"> .</span>
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*<em>除非</em> 你 听 我 的 ,<em>否则</em> 我 不 会 帮 你 <span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> nǐ tīng wǒ de, <em>fǒuzé</em> wǒ bù huì bāng nǐ.</span><span class="trans">Unless you listen to me, I won't help you.</span>
* ,<em>除非</em> 。<span class="trans"> .</span>
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*<em>除非</em> 你 有 证据 ,<em>不然</em> 谁 会 相信 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> nǐ yǒu zhèngjù, <em>bùrán</em> shéi huì xiāngxìn?</span><span class="trans">Unless you have proof, who is going to believe it?</span>
* ,<em>除非</em> <span class="trans"> .</span>
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*<em>除非</em> 你 是 名牌 大学 毕业 的 ,<em>否则</em> 老板 不会 考虑 你 的 <span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> nǐ shì míngpái dàxué bìyè de, <em>fǒuzé</em> lǎobǎn bù huì kǎolǜ nǐ de.</span><span class="trans">The boss won't consider you unless you graduated from a big name university.</span>
* ,<em>除非</em> 。<span class="trans"> .</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==Used with 才==
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== Reverse Pattern with 除非 and 才 ==
  
除非 is also used in the patterns below.  The meaning expressed is the same as the sentences above, but below the "Y" part expresses what '''won't''' happen ''unless'' the 除非 condition is met. It might be more helpful to think of 除非 here as meaning "only if."
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除非 is also used in the patterns below.  The meaning expressed is the same as the sentences above, but below the "Y" part expresses what '''won't''' happen ''unless'' the 除非 condition is met. It might be more helpful to think of 除非 here as meaning "only if."
 
 
===Structure===
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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So that's "'''Only if''' x, y."
 
So that's "'''Only if''' x, y."
  
===Examples===
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A few examples:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 +
*<em>除非</em> 你们 买 很 多 ,<em>才</em> 能 便宜 点 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> nǐmen mǎi hěn duō, <em>cái</em> néng piányí diǎn.</span><span class="trans">Only if you buy a lot can I give you a cheaper price.</span>
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*<em>除非</em> 旧 的 坏 了 ,我 <em>才</em> 会 买 新的 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> jiù de huài le, wǒ <em>cái</em> huì mǎi xīn de.</span><span class="trans">Only if the old one is broken will I buy a new one.</span>
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*<em>除非</em> 老板 给 我 加薪 ,我 <em>才</em> 会 留下来 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Chúfēi</em> lǎobǎn gěi wǒ jiā xīn, wǒ <em>cái</em> huì liú xiàlái.</span><span class="trans">Only if the boss gives me a pay raise will I stay.</span>
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</div>
  
*<em>除非</em> 你 答应 我 不会 生气 ,我 <em></em> 说 。<span class="trans">Only if you promise me that you won't be upset, I will tell you.</span>
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This use of is similar to the [[Expressing "only after" with "cai"|"only after" use]].
*<em>除非</em> 旧 的 坏了 ,我 <em>才</em> 会 买 新的 。<span class="trans">Only if  the old one is broken, I will buy a new one.</span>
 
*<em>除非</em> 你 是 名牌 大学 毕业 的 ,老板 <em>才</em> 会 考虑 。<span class="trans">Only you graduate from a famous college, the boss will consider it.</span>
 
*<em>除非</em> 老板 给 我 加薪 ,我 <em>才</em> 会 留下来 。<span class="trans">Only if the boss gives me a pay raise, I will stay.</span>
 
*<em>除非</em> 我 犯 了 很 大 的 错 ,我 妈 <em>才</em> 会 批评 我 。<span class="trans">Only if I make a very big mistake, my mother will criticize me.</span>
 
  
</div>
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== See also ==
  
==See also==
 
*[["Except" and "in addition" with "chule… yiwai"]]
 
 
*[[Expressing "even if…" with "jishi"]]
 
*[[Expressing "even if…" with "jishi"]]
 
*[[Expressing "otherwise" with "yaobu"]]
 
*[[Expressing "otherwise" with "yaobu"]]
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==Sources and Further Reading==
 
==Sources and Further Reading==
  
*[[Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)]] [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473] [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B002ZNK7JE&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B002ZNK7JE →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 4下|6}}
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{{Source|Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)|}}
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{{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|166}}
  
 
[[Category: B2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B2 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|除非|B2|除非⋯⋯,才⋯⋯|<em>除非</em> 你 求情 , 他 <em>才</em> 肯 帮忙 。|grammar point|ASGMD0YY}}
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{{HSK|HSK4}}
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{{Basic Grammar|除非|B2|除非⋯⋯ ,才⋯⋯|<em>除非</em> 你 求情 ,他 <em>才</em> 肯 帮忙 。|grammar point|ASGMD0YY}}
 
{{Rel char|要不}}
 
{{Rel char|要不}}
 
{{Rel char|不然}}
 
{{Rel char|不然}}
 
{{Rel char|否则}}
 
{{Rel char|否则}}
{{Similar|"Except" and "In addition" with "chule… yiwai"}}
 
 
{{Similar|Expressing "Even if…" with "jishi"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "Even if…" with "jishi"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "otherwise" with "yaobu"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "otherwise" with "yaobu"}}
 
{{Used for|Indicating cause and effect}}
 
{{Used for|Indicating cause and effect}}
 
{{Structure|Conditional Statements}}
 
{{Structure|Conditional Statements}}

Latest revision as of 07:37, 19 January 2021

除非 (chúfēi) can be used as a conjunction and means "unless." 否则 (fǒuzé) or 要不然 (yàobùrán) often appear in the following phrase, to form a construction meaning "unless x, otherwise y":

Pattern with 除非

The simplified construction more directly maps to the basic English usage of "unless," as in, "I won't do it unless you pay me."

Structure

Result / Fact ,除非 + Condition

The sentences below place emphasis on the part after 除非.

Examples

  • 我 不 去 ,除非 你 也 去 。Wǒ bù qù, chúfēi nǐ yě qù.I won't go unless you go too.
  • 你 不能 进 ,除非 你 有 预约 。Nǐ bù néng jìn, chúfēi nǐ yǒu yùyuē.You can't come in unless you have an appointment.
  • 我 不 说 ,除非 你 答应 我 你 不会 生气 。Wǒ bù shuō, chúfēi nǐ dāyìng wǒ nǐ bù huì shēngqì.I won't tell you unless you promise me you won't get upset.
  • 你 不 会 这么 快 升职 ,除非 你 表现 很 好 。Nǐ bù huì zhème kuài shēngzhí, chúfēi nǐ biǎoxiàn hěn hǎo.You won't get promoted so soon unless you perform very well.
  • 我们 公司 一般 不 允许 员工 请假 ,除非 理由 很 充分 。Wǒmen gōngsī yībān bù yǔnxǔ yuángōng qǐngjià, chúfēi lǐyóu hěn chōngfèn.The company won't allow its staff time off unless they have a really good reason.

Pattern with Just 要不然

This simplified construction using 要不然 (or 不然) more directly maps to the basic English usage of "otherwise," as in: "Pay me. Otherwise, I won't do it."

Structure

Condition, (要) 不然 + Result

Examples

  • 你 也 去,要不然 我 不 去 。Nǐ yě qù, yàobùrán wǒ bù qù.You go too. Otherwise, I won't go.
  • 马上 帮 我 叫车 ,要不然 我 赶不上 飞机 。Mǎshàng bāng wǒ jiào chē, yàobùrán wǒ gǎnbushàng fēijī.I won't catch my flight unless you call a cab for me right now.
  • 老师 ,您 要 给 我们 一点 提示 ,要不然 谁 都 想不出 答案 。Lǎoshī, nín yào gěi wǒmen yīdiǎn tíshì, yàobùrán shéi dōu xiǎng bù chū dá'àn.Teacher, we need you to give us a little hint. Otherwise, none of us will be able to figure out the answer.

Full Pattern with 除非 and 否则 / 不然

In the full construction, 除非 comes first, and the meaning is "Unless x, otherwise y."

Structure

除非 + Condition ,[否则 / 不然] + [Result / Fact]

Examples

  • 除非 你 是 会员 ,否则 不能 进去 。Chúfēi nǐ shì huìyuán, fǒuzé bù néng jìnqù.Unless you have a membership, you can't come in.
  • 除非 有 奇迹 ,不然 他 的 病 治 不好 。Chúfēi yǒu qíjī, bùrán tā de bìng zhì bù hǎo.Unless a miracle happens, his disease can't be cured.
  • 除非 你 听 我 的 ,否则 我 不 会 帮 你 。Chúfēi nǐ tīng wǒ de, fǒuzé wǒ bù huì bāng nǐ.Unless you listen to me, I won't help you.
  • 除非 你 有 证据 ,不然 谁 会 相信 ?Chúfēi nǐ yǒu zhèngjù, bùrán shéi huì xiāngxìn?Unless you have proof, who is going to believe it?
  • 除非 你 是 名牌 大学 毕业 的 ,否则 老板 不会 考虑 你 的 。Chúfēi nǐ shì míngpái dàxué bìyè de, fǒuzé lǎobǎn bù huì kǎolǜ nǐ de.The boss won't consider you unless you graduated from a big name university.

Reverse Pattern with 除非 and 才

除非 is also used in the patterns below. The meaning expressed is the same as the sentences above, but below the "Y" part expresses what won't happen unless the 除非 condition is met. It might be more helpful to think of 除非 here as meaning "only if."

除非 x,才 y

So that's "Only if x, y."

A few examples:

  • 除非 你们 买 很 多 , 能 便宜 点 。Chúfēi nǐmen mǎi hěn duō, cái néng piányí diǎn.Only if you buy a lot can I give you a cheaper price.
  • 除非 旧 的 坏 了 ,我 会 买 新的 。Chúfēi jiù de huài le, wǒ cái huì mǎi xīn de.Only if the old one is broken will I buy a new one.
  • 除非 老板 给 我 加薪 ,我 会 留下来 。Chúfēi lǎobǎn gěi wǒ jiā xīn, wǒ cái huì liú xiàlái.Only if the boss gives me a pay raise will I stay.

This use of 才 is similar to the "only after" use.

See also

Sources and Further Reading