Difference between revisions of "Expressing close possession without "de""

m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK1}}" to "{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}")
 
(25 intermediate revisions by 6 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
Sometimes you don't need 的 (de) to indicate certain especially close relationships.
+
[[Expressing possession with "de"|Expressing possession]] in Chinese is accomplished with the particle [[]] (de). But sometimes when certain (especially close) relationships are involved, it's more natural to drop the 的 (de).
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
Line 7: Line 7:
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
pronoun + Noun
+
Pronoun + Noun
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Normally [[Expressing possession|possession]] is expressed with the [[particle]] 的 (de). However, in some cases you can omit 的 (de). This happens when the possession is about:
+
Normally [[Expressing possession with "de"|possession]] is expressed using the [[particle]] 的 (de). However, you can omit 的 (de) in these cases:
  
* A close personal relationship (family, close friends, boyfriends/girlfriends)
+
* A close personal relationship is involved (family, close friends, boyfriends or girlfriends)
* An institutional or organizational relationship (school, work)
+
* An institutional or organizational relationship is involved (school, work)
  
In these cases 的 (de) '''should be''' omitted (that is, it doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in).
+
In these cases 的 (de) '''should be''' omitted. It doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in.
  
 
== Examples ==
 
== Examples ==
Line 22: Line 22:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 这 是 <em>我 家</em><span class="pinyin">Zhè shì <em>wǒjiā </em>.</span><span class="trans">This is my home.</span>
+
* <em>我 家</em> 很 大。<span class="pinyin"><em>Wǒ jiā</em> hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">My house is very big.</span>
* 这 是 <em>我 女朋友</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè shì <em>wǒ nǚ péngyǒu </em>.</span><span class="trans">This is my girlfriend.</span>
+
* <em>你 哥哥</em> 很 高 。<span class="pinyin"><Em> Nǐ gēge</em> hěn gāo.</span><span class="trans">Your big brother is very tall.</span>
* <em>她 妈妈</em> 很 漂亮。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā māmā </em> hěn piàoliang.</span><span class="trans">Her mom is very beautiful.</span>
+
* 这 是 <em>我 女朋友</em><span class="pinyin">Zhè shì <em>wǒ nǚpéngyou</em>.</span><span class="trans">This is my girlfriend.</span>
* <em>我们 学校</em> 很 大。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒmen xuéxiào </em> hěn .</span><span class="trans">Our school is big.</span>
+
* <em>她 妈妈</em> 很 漂亮。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā māma</em> hěn piàoliang.</span><span class="trans">Her mom is very pretty.</span>
* <em>我们 公司</em> 在 西安。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒmen gōngsī </em> zài Xī'ān.</span><span class="trans">Our company is in Xi'an.</span>
+
* <em>我们 学校</em> 很 大 。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒmen xuéxiào</em> hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">Our school is big.</span>
* <em>他 爸爸</em> 是 <em>我们 公司</em> 的 老板。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā bàba </em> shì <em>wǒmen gōngsī </em> de lǎobǎn.</span><span class="trans">His dad is the boss of our company.</span>
+
* <em>他们 公司</em> 在 北京。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tāmen gōngsī</em> zài Běijīng.</span><span class="trans">Their company is in Bejing.</span>
* <em>你 姐姐</em> 很 难看 。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Nǐ jiějiě </em> hěn nánkàn.</span><span class="trans">Your older sister is ugly.</span>
+
* <em>你 男朋友</em> 很 帅。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Nǐ nánpéngyou</em> hěn shuài.</span><span class="trans">Your boyfriend is very handsome.</span>
* <em>我 家</em> 很大 。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒjiā </em> hěn .</span><span class="trans">My house is very big.</span>
+
* <em>他 儿子</em> 很 有名。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā érzi</em> hěn yǒumíng.</span><span class="trans">His son is really famous.</span>
* <em>他们 儿子</em> 很 有名。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tāmen érzi </em> hěn yǒumíng.</span><span class="trans">Their son is really famous.</span>
+
* <em>我 女儿</em> 会 说 英语。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒ nǚ'ér</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ.</span><span class="trans">My daughter can speak English.</span>
* <em>我 女儿</em> 会 说 英语。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒ nǚ'ér </em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ.</span><span class="trans">My daughter can speak English.</span>
+
* <em>他 爸爸</em> 是 <em>我们 公司</em> 的 老板。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā bàba</em> shì <em>wǒmen gōngsī</em> de lǎobǎn.</span><span class="trans">His dad is the boss of our company.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
If 的 (de) was used in the above examples, it would create a sense of distance between the two, and possibly even imply that the relationship is not particularly close.
+
If 的 (de) was used in the above examples, it would create an unnatural sense of distance between the two.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
*[[Expressing possession]]
+
*[[Expressing possession with "de"]]
*[[Modifying nouns with adjective + de]]
+
*[[Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"]]
*[[Modifying nouns with phrase + de]]
+
*[[Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"]]
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
Line 47: Line 47:
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (p. 76) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|24}}
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (p. 31) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|76}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (p. 87) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|31}}
 
+
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)|87}}
  
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possession}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possession}}
{{Basic Grammar|的|A1|pronoun + Noun|我 女朋友。|grammar point|ASGCI0KG}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|的|A1|Pronoun + Noun|我 女朋友|grammar point|ASGCI0KG}}
{{Similar|Expressing possession}}  
+
{{Similar|Expressing possession with "de"}}  
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with adjective + de}}  
+
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"}}  
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + de}}   
+
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"}}   
 
{{POS|Particles}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}
 
{{Translation|My}}
 
{{Translation|My}}

Latest revision as of 09:23, 20 April 2021

Expressing possession in Chinese is accomplished with the particle (de). But sometimes when certain (especially close) relationships are involved, it's more natural to drop the 的 (de).

Structure

Pronoun + Noun

Normally possession is expressed using the particle 的 (de). However, you can omit 的 (de) in these cases:

  • A close personal relationship is involved (family, close friends, boyfriends or girlfriends)
  • An institutional or organizational relationship is involved (school, work)

In these cases 的 (de) should be omitted. It doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in.

Examples

  • 我 家 很 大。Wǒ jiā hěn dà.My house is very big.
  • 你 哥哥 很 高 。 Nǐ gēge hěn gāo.Your big brother is very tall.
  • 这 是 我 女朋友Zhè shì wǒ nǚpéngyou.This is my girlfriend.
  • 她 妈妈 很 漂亮。Tā māma hěn piàoliang.Her mom is very pretty.
  • 我们 学校 很 大 。Wǒmen xuéxiào hěn dà.Our school is big.
  • 他们 公司 在 北京。Tāmen gōngsī zài Běijīng.Their company is in Bejing.
  • 你 男朋友 很 帅。Nǐ nánpéngyou hěn shuài.Your boyfriend is very handsome.
  • 他 儿子 很 有名。Tā érzi hěn yǒumíng.His son is really famous.
  • 我 女儿 会 说 英语。Wǒ nǚ'ér huì shuō Yīngyǔ.My daughter can speak English.
  • 他 爸爸我们 公司 的 老板。Tā bàba shì wǒmen gōngsī de lǎobǎn.His dad is the boss of our company.

If 的 (de) was used in the above examples, it would create an unnatural sense of distance between the two.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books