Difference between revisions of "Expressing duration with "le""

Line 46: Line 46:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 你 刚才 上 了 <em>半 个 小时 </em> 厕所。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ gāngcái shàng le <em>bàn ge xiǎoshí</em>  cèsuǒ. </span> <span class="trans">You just went to the bathroom for half an hour. </span>
+
* 你 刚才 上 了 <em>半 个 小时 </em> 厕所。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ gāngcái shàng le <em>bàn ge xiǎoshí</em>  cèsuǒ. </span> <span class="trans">You just went in the bathroom for half an hour. </span>
* 他 今天 喝 了 <em>一 个 晚上 </em> 酒。 <span class="pinyin">Tā jīntiān shàng le <em>yītiān</em> wǎng.</span> <span class="trans">He went online all day today. </span>
+
* 他 今天 喝 了 <em>一 个 晚上 </em> 酒。 <span class="pinyin">Tā jīntiān le <em>yī ge wǎnshang</em> jiǔ.</span> <span class="trans">He drank alcohol all night. </span>
* 我 昨天 玩 了 <em> 一 个 下午 </em> 游戏。<span class="pinyin">Jīntiān wǎnshang wǒ jāi le <em>liǎng ge xiǎoshí</em> bān. </span> <span class="trans">I worked two extra hours toninght. </span>
+
* 我 昨天 玩 了 <em> 一 个 下午 </em> 游戏。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān wán le <em>ge xià wǔ</em> yóu xì. </span> <span class="trans">Yesterday, I played games all afternoon. </span>
* 上 个 周末 我 和 老公 开 了 <em>三 个 小时</em> 车 回 老家。<span class="pinyin">Shàng ge zhōumò wǒ hé lǎogōng kāi le <em>sān ge xiǎoshí</em> chē huí lǎojiā. </span> <span class="trans">My husband and I drove back home for three hours last weekend. </span>
+
* 上 个 周末 我 和 老公 开 了 <em>三 个 小时</em> 车 回 老家。<span class="pinyin">Shàng ge zhōumò wǒ hé lǎogōng kāi le <em>sān ge xiǎoshí</em> chē huí lǎojiā. </span> <span class="trans">Last weekend, my husband and I drove three hours to our hometown. </span>
* 昨天 他 写 了 <em> 一 天 </em> 作业。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān bàba gēn māma chǎo le <em>yī wǎnshang</em> jià. </span> <span class="trans">Dad was quarreling with mom all evening yesterday. </span>
+
* 昨天 他 写 了 <em> 一 天 </em> 作业。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān tā xiě le <em>yī tiān</em> zuò yè. </span> <span class="trans"> He did his homework all day yesterday. </span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  

Revision as of 07:58, 2 February 2016

After reading this primer on one of the many uses of 了 (le), you will have gotten a good grasp on how to express the duration of something.

Basic expression

Structure

Saying how long you did something for in Chinese can seem tricky, as there is no preposition as in English. Instead it's all about word order:

Subj. + Verb + 了 + Duration + Obj.

So 了 (le) is placed after the verb (to indicate that the action is completed), followed by the duration. This is how you talk about the duration of completed actions.

Examples

  • 他 学 了 一 年 中文。Tā xué le yī nián Zhōngwén. He studied Chinese for a year.
  • 我 看 了 一 个 晚上 书。Wǒ kàn le yī gè wǎnshang shū. I had been reading books all evening.
  • 他 在 Google 做 了 八 年 经理。 Tā zài Google zuò le bā nián jīnglǐ. He worked as a manager at Google for eight years.
  • 妈妈 看 了 一 天 电视。Māma kàn le yī tiān diàn shì. Mom watched TV all day.
  • 我们 坐 了 十 五 个 小时 飞机 去 美国。Wǒmen zuò le shí wǔ ge xiǎoshí fēijī qù Měiguó. We took a fifteen hour flight to the United States.


To express completed definitely

Structure

Note that the pattern above can be used to express the duration of completed actions which are no longer in progress, although strictly speaking, it's not entirely clear if the actions are still ongoing or not. To indicate that the actions are definitely completed, a time word may be inserted into the sentence to indicate that you're talking about an event in the past:

Subj. + [Time Word] + Verb + 了 + Duration + Obj.

Examples

  • 你 刚才 上 了 半 个 小时 厕所。 Nǐ gāngcái shàng le bàn ge xiǎoshí cèsuǒ. You just went in the bathroom for half an hour.
  • 他 今天 喝 了 一 个 晚上 酒。 Tā jīntiān hē le yī ge wǎnshang jiǔ. He drank alcohol all night.
  • 我 昨天 玩 了 一 个 下午 游戏。Wǒ zuótiān wán le yī ge xià wǔ yóu xì. Yesterday, I played games all afternoon.
  • 上 个 周末 我 和 老公 开 了 三 个 小时 车 回 老家。Shàng ge zhōumò wǒ hé lǎogōng kāi le sān ge xiǎoshí chē huí lǎojiā. Last weekend, my husband and I drove three hours to our hometown.
  • 昨天 他 写 了 一 天 作业。Zuótiān tā xiě le yī tiān zuò yè. He did his homework all day yesterday.

To indicate that the action is definitely still in progress, use a slightly different pattern.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books