Difference between revisions of "Expressing earliness with "jiu""

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Just as [[Expressing lateness with "cai"|才 (cái) can express lateness]], 就 (jiù) can be used to indicate that something happened earlier or sooner than expected.  It can also be used in the near future to indicate something will happen very soon.
 
Just as [[Expressing lateness with "cai"|才 (cái) can express lateness]], 就 (jiù) can be used to indicate that something happened earlier or sooner than expected.  It can also be used in the near future to indicate something will happen very soon.
  
== as "Right Away" (in the Future) ==
+
== Used as "Right Away" (in the Future) ==
 +
 
 +
When something happens "right away," you're talking about "very soon" in the ''future''.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Subj. + Time Word + 就 + Verb  
+
Subj. + Time + 就 + Verb  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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*我 马上 <em>就</em> 来 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎshàng <em>jiù</em> lái.</span><span class="trans">I'll be there in a second.</span>
 
*我 马上 <em>就</em> 来 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎshàng <em>jiù</em> lái.</span><span class="trans">I'll be there in a second.</span>
 +
*米饭 二十 分钟 <em>就</em> 好 。<span class="pinyin">Mǐfàn èrshí fēnzhōng <em>jiù</em> hǎo.</span><span class="trans">The rice will be ready in 20 minutes.</span>
 +
*你们 现在 <em>就</em> 出门 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen xiànzài <em>jiù</em> chūmén ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you leaving the house right now?</span>
 
*他们 一会儿 <em>就</em> 到 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen yīhuìr <em>jiù</em> dào.</span><span class="trans">They will be here in a few minutes.</span>
 
*他们 一会儿 <em>就</em> 到 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen yīhuìr <em>jiù</em> dào.</span><span class="trans">They will be here in a few minutes.</span>
 
*老板 明天 <em>就</em> 回来 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn míngtiān <em>jiù</em> huílái.</span><span class="trans">The boss will be back tomorrow.</span>
 
*老板 明天 <em>就</em> 回来 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn míngtiān <em>jiù</em> huílái.</span><span class="trans">The boss will be back tomorrow.</span>
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</div>
 
</div>
  
== as "Early" (in the Past) ==
+
Note that it can sometimes be hard to translate the feeling of "soonness" into English, but in every one of these examples, the time given in the sentences ''feels "soon"'' to the speaker.
 +
 
 +
== Used as "Early" (in the Past) ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
The pattern is as follows:
+
This use of 就 might be translated "as early as," but usually the earliness is not specifically marked in English.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Subj. + Time Word + 就 + Verb + Obj. +
+
Subj. + [Point in Time] + 就 + Verb +
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*我们 九点 上课 ,他 八点 <em>就</em> 来 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen jiǔ diǎn shàngkè, tā bā diǎn <em>jiù</em> lái <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">We have class at nine, but he came in at eight.</span>
 +
*飞机 十点 起飞 ,他 六点 <em>就</em> 到 机场 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Fēijī shí diǎn qǐfēi, tā liù diǎn <em>jiù</em> dào jīchǎng <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The plane takes off at ten o'clock, but he arrived at the airport at six.</span>
 +
*我 昨晚 八 点 半 <em>就</em> 睡觉 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuówǎn  bā diǎn bàn <em>jiù</em>  shuìjiào <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I went to bed at eight thirty last night.</span>
 +
*她 十八 岁 <em>就</em> 大学 毕业 <strong></strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā shíbā suì <em>jiù</em> dàxué bìyè <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">She graduated from college when she was only 18 years old.</span>
 +
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
In English this might be expressed with "as early as," but usually it's not specifically marked.
+
Not only can 就 emphasize a "point in time," but it can also emphasize a "time period," indicating that something happened very quickly.
  
=== Examples ===
+
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + Time Period + 就 + Verb + 了
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
A few examples:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我 马上 <em></em> 来 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎshàng <em>jiù</em> lái.</span><span class="trans">I'll be there in a second.</span>
+
*<strong>一 个 晚上</strong> <em></em> 看 完 <strong></strong> <span class="pinyin"><strong>yī gè wǎnshang</strong> <em>jiù</em> kàn wán <strong>le</strong>?</span><span class="trans">It only took you just one night to finish reading it?</span>
*他们 一会儿 <em>就</em> 到 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen yīhuìr <em>jiù</em> dào.</span><span class="trans">They will be here in a few minutes.</span>
+
*他 <strong>十 分钟</strong> <em></em> 做完 <strong></strong> <span class="pinyin"><strong>shí fēnzhōng</strong> <em>jiù</em> zuò wán <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">It only took him ten minutes to finish doing it.</span>
*老板 明天 <em>就</em> 回来 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn míngtiān <em>jiù</em> huílái.</span><span class="trans">The boss will be back by tomorrow.</span>
 
*我 昨晚 八 点 半 <em>就</em> 睡觉 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuówǎn  bā diǎn bàn <em>jiù</em>  shuìjiào le.</span><span class="trans">I went to bed at half past eight last night.</span>
 
*我们 早上 九点 上课,可是 八点 <em></em> 来 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zǎoshang jiǔ diǎn shàngkè, kěshì tā bā diǎn <em>jiù</em> lái le.</span><span class="trans">We have class at nine in the morning, but he came at eight.</span>
 
*爷爷 每天 五点 <em>就</em> 起床 了。<span class="pinyin"> Yéye měitiān wǔdiǎn <em>jiù</em> qǐchuáng le.</span><span class="trans">Grandpa gets up at five o'clock every day.</span>
 
*她 十八 岁 <em></em> 大学 毕业 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā shíbā suì <em>jiù</em> dàxué bìyè le.</span><span class="trans">She graduated from college when she was only 18 years old.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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From the example sentences it is clear that [[了]] naturally occurs with a verb used after 就. This is because verbs following 就 generally have the feeling of being completed.
 
From the example sentences it is clear that [[了]] naturally occurs with a verb used after 就. This is because verbs following 就 generally have the feeling of being completed.
  
== Usage of 早就 ==
+
== Colloquial Saying 早就 ==
  
 
早就 means "long ago," and is usually used to express a kind of impatience or surprise on the part of the speaker. It comes before the verb.
 
早就 means "long ago," and is usually used to express a kind of impatience or surprise on the part of the speaker. It comes before the verb.
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我 <em>早就</em> 知道 了!<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zǎo jiù</em> zhīdào le!</span><span class="trans">I knew that long ago!</span>
+
*我 <em>早就</em> 知道 <strong>了</strong> !<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zǎo jiù</em> zhīdào <strong>le</strong>!</span><span class="trans">I knew that long ago!</span>
*她 <em>早就</em> 结婚 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zǎo jiù</em> jiéhūn le.</span><span class="trans">She got married long time ago.</span>
+
*她 <em>早就</em> 结婚 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>zǎo jiù</em> jiéhūn <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">She got married a long time ago.</span>
*我们 <em>早就</em> 毕业 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zǎo jiù</em> bìyè le.</span><span class="trans">We graduated a long time ago!</span>
+
*他们 <em>早就</em> 分手 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>zǎo jiù</em> fēnshǒu <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">They broke up a long time ago.</span>
*<em>早就</em> 跟 你 说 过,他 不 是 好人。<span class="pinyin"><em>zǎo jiù</em> gēn nǐ shuō guo, tā bù shì hǎo rén.</span><span class="trans">I told you a long time ago that he's not a good guy.</span>
+
*我们 <em>早就</em> 毕业 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>zǎo jiù</em> bìyè <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">We graduated a long time ago!</span>
*这 家 店 <em>早就</em> 关门 了。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiā diàn <em>zǎo jiù</em> guānmén le.</span><span class="trans">This shop closed a long time ago.</span>
+
*<em>早就</em> 跟 你 说 <strong>过</strong> ,他 不 是 好人 。<span class="pinyin"><em>zǎo jiù</em> gēn nǐ shuō <strong>guo</strong>, tā bù shì hǎo rén.</span><span class="trans">I told you a long time ago that he's not a good guy.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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*[[Events in quick succession with "yi... jiu"]]
 
*[[Events in quick succession with "yi... jiu"]]
 
*[[Expressing indifference with "jiu"]]
 
*[[Expressing indifference with "jiu"]]
*[[Limiting scope with "jiu"]]
 
 
*[["If…, then…" with "ruguo…, jiu…"]]
 
*[["If…, then…" with "ruguo…, jiu…"]]
 +
*[[Expressing lateness with "cai"]]
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1]] (pp. 181-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|52}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 102-3) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1|181-2}}
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)]] (p. 239)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
+
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|102-3}}
 
+
{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)|239}}
=== Websites ===
 
 
 
* East Asia Student: [http://eastasiastudent.net/2619/china/mandarin/cmn-grammar/jiu-cai-early-as-not-until/ 就 and 才 in Mandarin: as early as, not until]
 
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category: Adverbs]]
 
[[Category: Adverbs]]
  
{{Basic Grammar|就|B1|就|我 十 二 岁 <em>就</em> 上 大学 了。|grammar point|ASGKITRZ}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|就|B1|Subj. + Time + + Verb + 了|我 昨晚 八 点 半 <em>就</em> 睡觉 <strong>了</strong> 。|grammar point|ASGKITRZ}}
 +
{{Rel char|了}}
 +
{{Similar|Expressing "then" with "jiu"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing lateness with "cai"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing lateness with "cai"}}
 
{{Similar|Limiting Scope with "jiu"}}
 
{{Similar|Limiting Scope with "jiu"}}

Latest revision as of 08:58, 21 April 2021

Just as 才 (cái) can express lateness, 就 (jiù) can be used to indicate that something happened earlier or sooner than expected. It can also be used in the near future to indicate something will happen very soon.

Used as "Right Away" (in the Future)

When something happens "right away," you're talking about "very soon" in the future.

Structure

The pattern is as follows:

Subj. + Time + 就 + Verb

Examples

  • 我 马上 来 。Wǒ mǎshàng jiù lái.I'll be there in a second.
  • 米饭 二十 分钟 好 。Mǐfàn èrshí fēnzhōng jiù hǎo.The rice will be ready in 20 minutes.
  • 你们 现在 出门 吗 ?Nǐmen xiànzài jiù chūmén ma?Are you leaving the house right now?
  • 他们 一会儿 到 。Tāmen yīhuìr jiù dào.They will be here in a few minutes.
  • 老板 明天 回来 。Lǎobǎn míngtiān jiù huílái.The boss will be back tomorrow.

Note that it can sometimes be hard to translate the feeling of "soonness" into English, but in every one of these examples, the time given in the sentences feels "soon" to the speaker.

Used as "Early" (in the Past)

Structure

This use of 就 might be translated "as early as," but usually the earliness is not specifically marked in English.

Subj. + [Point in Time] + 就 + Verb + 了

Examples

  • 我们 九点 上课 ,他 八点 Wǒmen jiǔ diǎn shàngkè, tā bā diǎn jiù lái le.We have class at nine, but he came in at eight.
  • 飞机 十点 起飞 ,他 六点 到 机场 Fēijī shí diǎn qǐfēi, tā liù diǎn jiù dào jīchǎng le.The plane takes off at ten o'clock, but he arrived at the airport at six.
  • 我 昨晚 八 点 半 睡觉 Wǒ zuówǎn bā diǎn bàn jiù shuìjiào le.I went to bed at eight thirty last night.
  • 她 十八 岁 大学 毕业 Tā shíbā suì jiù dàxué bìyè le.She graduated from college when she was only 18 years old.

Not only can 就 emphasize a "point in time," but it can also emphasize a "time period," indicating that something happened very quickly.

Subj. + Time Period + 就 + Verb + 了

A few examples:

  • 一 个 晚上 看 完 yī gè wǎnshang jiù kàn wán le?It only took you just one night to finish reading it?
  • 十 分钟 做完 shí fēnzhōng jiù zuò wán le.It only took him ten minutes to finish doing it.

From the example sentences it is clear that naturally occurs with a verb used after 就. This is because verbs following 就 generally have the feeling of being completed.

Colloquial Saying 早就

早就 means "long ago," and is usually used to express a kind of impatience or surprise on the part of the speaker. It comes before the verb.

  • 早就 知道 zǎo jiù zhīdào le!I knew that long ago!
  • 早就 结婚 zǎo jiù jiéhūn le.She got married a long time ago.
  • 他们 早就 分手 Tāmen zǎo jiù fēnshǒu le.They broke up a long time ago.
  • 我们 早就 毕业 Wǒmen zǎo jiù bìyè le.We graduated a long time ago!
  • 早就 跟 你 说 ,他 不 是 好人 。zǎo jiù gēn nǐ shuō guo, tā bù shì hǎo rén.I told you a long time ago that he's not a good guy.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books