HSK 1 grammar points

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"HSK 1" is the first level of the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK). There are 54 total HSK 1 grammar points in the list below. You may also want to see the CEFR levels for these HSK grammar points, or refer to our HSK 1 Standard Course textbook index page.

Parts of Speech

These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing actions in progress with "zai" (正) 在 + Verb 我们 正在 吃饭。
Negation of "you" with "mei" 没 + 有 没有 钱 。
Standard negation with "bu" 不 + Verb / Adj. 他们 是 坏 孩子。
The "all" adverb "dou" 都 + Verb / Adj. 我们 住 在 上海。
The "also" adverb "ye" 也 + Verb / Adj. 昨天 很 冷,今天 冷。

Adverbs with Adjectives

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Asking about degree with "duo" Subj. + 多 + Adj. ? 高?
Expressing "not very" with "bu tai" 不太 + Adj. 不太 高兴 。我 不太 喜欢。

Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "and" with "he" Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2 他 都 不 去。

Nouns

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
After a specific time with "yihou" Time / Verb + 以后 10点 以后 ,我 不 在 家。
Before a specific time with "yiqian" Time / Verb + 以前 十 点 以前,我 在 家。
Time words and word order Subj. + Time⋯⋯ / Time + Subj.⋯⋯ 明天 有 空。/ 明天 我 有 空。

Numbers

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Age with "sui" Subj. + Number + 岁 我 20
Measure word "ge" Number + 个 + Noun 人 。
Structure of dates Number + 年 + Number + 月 + Number + 日 今天 是 2011年 11月 11日/号
Structure of days of the week 星期 + Number 今天 星期三
Structure of numbers Number + Unit 三 百 五 十 九。
Structure of times (advanced) Number 1 + 点(钟) + Number 2 + 分 现在 十一点十八分
Structure of times (basic) Number + 点(钟) 现在 十一点

Particles

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing close possession without "de" Pronoun + Noun 我 女朋友
Expressing completion with "le" Subj. + Verb + 了 + Obj. 我 吃 两 个 苹果。
Expressing "not anymore" with "le" 不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了 想 吃
Expressing "now" with "le" New Situation + 了 吃饭
Expressing possession with "de" Noun 1 + 的 + Noun 2 我 的 老师
Questions with "ne" ⋯⋯呢 ? 我 很 好。你  ?
Sentence-final interjection "a" ⋯⋯啊 !谁
Softening speech with "ba" ⋯⋯吧 这样 不 太 好
Suggestions with "ba" Command + 吧 我们 走

Verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Directional verbs "lai" and "qu" 来 / 去 + Place 上海 一 年 了。
Expressing existence in a place with "zai" 在 + Place 老师 在 上海
Expressing existence with "you" Place + 有 + Obj. 我们 学校 很 多 学生。
Expressing possession with "you" Subj. + 有 + Obj. 钱。
Polite requests with "qing" 请 + Verb 坐 。
Using the verb "jiao" 叫 + Name 什么 名字 ?
Using the verb "qu" 去 + Place 学校。

Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing ability or possibility with "neng" 能 + Verb 中文 这么 难,你 学 好 吗?
Expressing a learned skill with "hui" 会 + Verb 会 说 中文 。
Expressing "will" with "hui" 会 + Verb 明天 你 来 吗?
Expressing "would like to" with "xiang" 想 + Verb 去。

Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
How to do something with "zenme" 怎么 + Verb ? 怎么 走?
Indicating location with "zai" before verbs Subj. + 在 + Place + Verb 上海 工作。
Negation of past actions with "meiyou" 没有 + Verb 没有 去 酒吧。

Grammatical Structures

These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.

Basics

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Basic sentence order Subj. + Verb (+ Obj.) 我 爱 你 。
Connecting nouns with "shi" A + 是 + B 学生 。
Expressing "excessively" with "tai" 太 + Adj. + 了  !
Simple "noun + adjective" sentences Noun + 很 + Adj. 好。

Noun Phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "some" with "yixie" 一些 + Noun 这里 有 一些 咖啡。

Numbers and Measure Words

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Counting money Number + 块 / 元 (+ Number + 毛 / 角) (+ 钱) 给 你 五
Measure words in quantity questions 几 + Measure Word (+ Noun) ? 人?

Question Forms

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Asking how something is with "zenmeyang" ⋯⋯怎么样? 你 最近 怎么样
Placement of question words 什么 / 什么时候 / 谁 / 哪儿 / 为什么 / 怎么 你 是 ?你 在 哪儿
Questions with "le ma" Verb + 了 + 吗? 你 吃饭 了 吗
Yes-no questions with "ma" ⋯⋯吗? 他 是 老板  ?

Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details 是⋯⋯ 的 怎么 来

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Comparing "bu" and "mei" 不 vs 没 我 今天 晚上 吃饭。昨天 晚上 我 吃饭。