Difference between revisions of "How to do something with "zenme""

m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK1}}" to "{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}")
 
(66 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Grammar Box}}
+
{{Grammar Box}}  
== Structure ==
 
  
The question word 怎么 is used to ask ''how'' in Chinese. It is inserted in front of the verb that's being asked about:
+
怎么 (zěnme) means "how" in Chinese, and it's not hard to use at all: just put it before a [[verb]].
 +
 
 +
== The Basic "How to Verb" Usage ==
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 
 +
The question word 怎么 (zěnme) is used to ask ''how'' in Chinese. It is inserted in front of the verb that's being asked about:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 怎么 + Verb + Object
+
Subj. + 怎么 + Verb + Obj.
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Note that the subject can often be omitted from general "how to" questions.
+
Note that the subject can often be omitted from general "how to" questions, and there doesn't always have to be an object.
  
== examples ==
+
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>怎么</em> 去?
+
*你们 <em>怎么</em> 学 中文?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>zěnme</em> xué Zhōngwén?</span><span class="trans">How do you study Chinese?</span>
* 中文 <em>怎么</em> "apple"
+
*<em>怎么</em> 上班?坐 地铁 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>zěnme</em> shàngbān? Zuò dìtiě ma?</span><span class="trans">How do you get to work? By metro?</span>
* <em>怎么</em> 用 筷子 吃饭?
+
*你 知道 <em>怎么</em> 去 外滩 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhīdào <em>zěnme</em> qù​ Wàitān ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you know how to get to the Bund?</span>
* <em>怎么</em> 做饭?
+
*你 <em>怎么</em> 知道 我 喜欢 旅行?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>zěnme</em> zhīdào wǒ xǐhuan lǚxíng?</span><span class="trans">How did you know I like to travel?</span>
 +
*我 不 知道 <em>怎么</em> 跟 女孩子 说话。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ bù zhīdào <em>zěnme</em> gēn nǚháizi shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">I don't know how to talk to girls.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Topic first ==
+
== Topic First ==
  
Starting a "how to" question with the [[topic]] is very common. That is, the thing being asked about is introduced first, then a question is asked about how to do something involving it:
+
Starting a "how to" question with the [[Topic-comment sentences|topic]] at the beginning of the question is very common. That is, the thing being asked about is introduced first, then a question is asked about how to do something involving it.
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Line 33: Line 41:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== examples ==
+
The object doesn't have to come after the verb.  Sometimes it moves to the front of the question, establishing what the question is going to be about, before getting specific with the "how" question.
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <strong>超市</strong> <em>怎么</em> 走?
+
* <strong>芒果</strong> <em>怎么</em> 吃?<span class="pinyin"><Strong>Mángguǒ </strong> <em>zěnme</em> chī?</span><span class="trans">How do you eat mangos?</span>
* <strong>芒果</strong> <em>怎么</em> 吃?
+
* <strong>iPad</strong> <em>怎么</em> 用?<span class="pinyin"><Strong>iPad</strong> <em>zěnme</em> yòng?</span><span class="trans">How do you use an iPad?</span>
* <strong>iPad</strong> <em>怎么</em> 用?
+
* <strong>语法</strong> <em>怎么</em> 学 ?<span class="pinyin"><Strong>Yǔfǎ </strong> <em>zěnme</em> xué?</span><span class="trans">How do you study grammar?</span>
* <strong>太极拳</strong> <em>怎么</em> 打?
+
* <strong>中国 菜</strong> <em>怎么</em> 做?<span class="pinyin"><Strong>Zhōngguó cài </strong> <em>zěnme</em> zuò?</span><span class="trans">How do you cook Chinese food?</span>
 +
* <strong>"Apple"</strong> <em>怎么</em> 说?<span class="expl">the "in Chinese" is implied</span><span class="pinyin"><strong>"Apple" </strong> <em>zěnme</em> shuō?</span><span class="trans">How do you say apple?</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
+
== See Also ==
 +
 
 
*[[Placement of question words]]
 
*[[Placement of question words]]
 
*[[Asking questions]]
 
*[[Asking questions]]
Line 50: Line 62:
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
  
=== Books ===
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|42}}
 +
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|191}}
 +
{{Source|现代汉语八百词(增订本)]]  (pp. 651-2}}
 +
{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|163}}
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 191) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?
 
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
* [[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]]  (pp. 651-2) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 
+
{{Basic Grammar|怎么|A1|怎么 + Verb ?|<em>怎么</em> 走?|grammar point|ASGH2MNO}}
 +
{{Similar|Asking why with "zenme"}}
 +
{{Similar|Placement of question words}}
 +
{{Similar|"Not often" with "bu zenme"}}
 
{{Used for|Asking questions}}
 
{{Used for|Asking questions}}
182-184
 
{{Basic Grammar|怎么|A1|怎么 + V ?|<em>怎么</em> 去 ?|grammar point|ASGH2MNO}}
 
{{Similar|Placement of question words}}
 
{{Similar|Asking questions}}
 
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}
 
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}
 +
{{Translation|how}}

Latest revision as of 09:23, 20 April 2021

怎么 (zěnme) means "how" in Chinese, and it's not hard to use at all: just put it before a verb.

The Basic "How to Verb" Usage

Structure

The question word 怎么 (zěnme) is used to ask how in Chinese. It is inserted in front of the verb that's being asked about:

Subj. + 怎么 + Verb + Obj.

Note that the subject can often be omitted from general "how to" questions, and there doesn't always have to be an object.

Examples

  • 你们 怎么 学 中文?Nǐmen zěnme xué Zhōngwén?How do you study Chinese?
  • 怎么 上班?坐 地铁 吗?zěnme shàngbān? Zuò dìtiě ma?How do you get to work? By metro?
  • 你 知道 怎么 去 外滩 吗?Nǐ zhīdào zěnme qù​ Wàitān ma?Do you know how to get to the Bund?
  • 怎么 知道 我 喜欢 旅行?zěnme zhīdào wǒ xǐhuan lǚxíng?How did you know I like to travel?
  • 我 不 知道 怎么 跟 女孩子 说话。Wǒ bù zhīdào zěnme gēn nǚháizi shuōhuà.I don't know how to talk to girls.

Topic First

Starting a "how to" question with the topic at the beginning of the question is very common. That is, the thing being asked about is introduced first, then a question is asked about how to do something involving it.

Structure

Topic + 怎么 + Verb

The object doesn't have to come after the verb. Sometimes it moves to the front of the question, establishing what the question is going to be about, before getting specific with the "how" question.

Examples

  • 芒果 怎么 吃?Mángguǒ zěnme chī?How do you eat mangos?
  • iPad 怎么 用?iPad zěnme yòng?How do you use an iPad?
  • 语法 怎么 学 ?Yǔfǎ zěnme xué?How do you study grammar?
  • 中国 菜 怎么 做?Zhōngguó cài zěnme zuò?How do you cook Chinese food?
  • "Apple" 怎么 说?the "in Chinese" is implied"Apple" zěnme shuō?How do you say apple?

See Also

Sources and further reading