Difference between revisions of "Modifying nouns with adjective and "de""

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{{Grammar Box}} \r\nOne of the best ways to use the  common character 的(de) is to have it spice up your nouns with adjectives.\r\n== Structure with the noun==\r\nA very common way to modify nouns is to attach an adjective to them using 的 (de). \r\n<div class="jiegou">\r\nAdjective + 的 + Noun\r\n</div>\r\nThis structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. Note that if the adjective has two characters (e.g. 漂亮 or 高兴), the 的 is generally required.\r\n== Examples ==\r\n<div class="liju">\r\n* <em>红色 的</em> 气球<span class="trans">A red balloon.</span>
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{{Grammar Box}}  
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One of the best ways to use the  common character 的(de) is to have it spice up your nouns with adjectives.
 +
 
 +
== Structure with the noun==
 +
 
 +
A very common way to modify nouns is to attach an adjective to them using 的 (de).  
 +
 
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
 
 +
Adjective + 的 + Noun
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
This structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. Note that if the adjective has two characters (e.g. 漂亮 or 高兴), the 的 is generally required.
 +
 
 +
== Examples ==
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 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
* <em>红色 的</em> 气球<span class="trans">A red balloon.</span>
 
* <em>漂亮 的</em> 衣服<span class="trans">Beautiful clothes.</span>
 
* <em>漂亮 的</em> 衣服<span class="trans">Beautiful clothes.</span>
 
* <em>好看 的</em> 书<span class="trans">A great book.</span>
 
* <em>好看 的</em> 书<span class="trans">A great book.</span>
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* 我 有 一 个 <em>很 好 的</em> 老师。<span class="trans">I have a very good teacher.</span>
 
* 我 有 一 个 <em>很 好 的</em> 老师。<span class="trans">I have a very good teacher.</span>
 
* 爸爸 给 了 我 一 个 <em>很 旧 的</em> 手机。<span class="trans">My dad gave me a very old phone.</span>
 
* 爸爸 给 了 我 一 个 <em>很 旧 的</em> 手机。<span class="trans">My dad gave me a very old phone.</span>
* 我 家 有 一 只 <em>漂亮 的</em> 小狗。<span class="trans">My family has a pretty puppy.</span>\r\n</div>\r\n== Structure Without the noun==\r\nIn some cases, it is possible to drop the noun altogether, and just use the adjective + 的. This is another example of the [[uses of "shi... de"]], where the 是 is present because it is connecting to a noun, and the 的 is taking the place of the noun. For this usage to work, there already has to be context, so that the listener can understand what the phrase is actually referring to. Without context, there would be no way to know what the 的 meant. Often, this construction can mean "one," as in "the blue one", or as something like "mine" or "Sarah's" if the noun that precedes it possesses the noun that is being dropped. Be careful though, if there is only going to be an adjective (without a 的 and an implied noun) you can't use 是. In that case, you would [[Simple "noun + adjective" sentences|have to use 很]].\r\n==Examples==\r\n
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* 我 家 有 一 只 <em>漂亮 的</em> 小狗。<span class="trans">My family has a pretty puppy.</span>
<div class="liju">\r\n*A: 你 要 哪 个 气球?B:我 要 那 个<em>红色 的</em> 。<span class="trans">A: Which balloon do you want? B: I want that red one.</span>
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</div>
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== Structure Without the noun==
 +
 
 +
In some cases, it is possible to drop the noun altogether, and just use the adjective + 的. This is another example of the [[uses of "shi... de"]], where the 是 is present because it is connecting to a noun, and the 的 is taking the place of the noun. For this usage to work, there already has to be context, so that the listener can understand what the phrase is actually referring to. Without context, there would be no way to know what the 的 meant. Often, this construction can mean "one," as in "the blue one", or as something like "mine" or "Sarah's" if the noun that precedes it possesses the noun that is being dropped. Be careful though, if there is only going to be an adjective (without a 的 and an implied noun) you can't use 是. In that case, you would [[Simple "noun + adjective" sentences|have to use 很]].
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==Examples==
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 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*A: 你 要 哪 个 气球?B:我 要 那 个<em>红色 的</em> 。<span class="trans">A: Which balloon do you want? B: I want that red one.</span>
 
*A: 你 喜欢 哪 种 女孩子?B:<em>漂亮的</em>。<span class="trans">A: What kind of girls do you like? B: Pretty ones.</span>
 
*A: 你 喜欢 哪 种 女孩子?B:<em>漂亮的</em>。<span class="trans">A: What kind of girls do you like? B: Pretty ones.</span>
 
*A: 你 想 吃 什么 饼干?B:<em>甜的。</em><span class="trans">A: What cookie do you want to eat? B: A sweet one.</span>
 
*A: 你 想 吃 什么 饼干?B:<em>甜的。</em><span class="trans">A: What cookie do you want to eat? B: A sweet one.</span>
 
*A: 你 喜欢 喝 哪 个 国家 的 啤酒?B:<em>德国 的。</em> <span class="trans">A: Which country's beer do you like to drink? B: Germany's.</span>
 
*A: 你 喜欢 喝 哪 个 国家 的 啤酒?B:<em>德国 的。</em> <span class="trans">A: Which country's beer do you like to drink? B: Germany's.</span>
*你 是 学生?你是 <em>哪 个 学校的</em>? <span class="trans">Are you a student? Which school's student?</span>\r\n</div>\r\n==See also==\r\n*[[Modifying nouns with phrase + de]]
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*你 是 学生?你是 <em>哪 个 学校的</em>? <span class="trans">Are you a student? Which school's student?</span>
*[[Expressing possession]]\r\n== Sources and further reading ==\r\n=== Books ===\r\n* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 70-1) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]  
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</div>
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==See also==
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*[[Modifying nouns with phrase + de]]
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*[[Expressing possession]]
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== Sources and further reading ==
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 +
=== Books ===
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* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 70-1) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]  
 
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 37) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
 
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 37) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 191, 233) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]\r\n[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 191, 233) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
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[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
{{Basic Grammar|的|A2|Adj + 的 + N|<em>好喝 的</em> 啤酒。<em>可爱 的</em> 宝宝|grammar point|ASGVUFKX}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|的|A2|Adj + 的 + N|<em>好喝 的</em> 啤酒。<em>可爱 的</em> 宝宝|grammar point|ASGVUFKX}}
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + de}}   
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + de}}   

Revision as of 09:02, 26 November 2013

One of the best ways to use the common character 的(de) is to have it spice up your nouns with adjectives.

Structure with the noun

A very common way to modify nouns is to attach an adjective to them using 的 (de).

Adjective + 的 + Noun

This structure comes up extremely frequently and is an easy way to attribute features to nouns. Note that if the adjective has two characters (e.g. 漂亮 or 高兴), the 的 is generally required.

Examples

  • 红色 的 气球A red balloon.
  • 漂亮 的 衣服Beautiful clothes.
  • 好看 的A great book.
  • 好喝 的 啤酒Great-tasting beer.
  • 可爱 的 宝宝A cute baby.
  • 我 喜欢 新鲜 的 果汁。I like fresh fruit juice.
  • 我 有 一 个 很 好 的 老师。I have a very good teacher.
  • 爸爸 给 了 我 一 个 很 旧 的 手机。My dad gave me a very old phone.
  • 我 家 有 一 只 漂亮 的 小狗。My family has a pretty puppy.

Structure Without the noun

In some cases, it is possible to drop the noun altogether, and just use the adjective + 的. This is another example of the uses of "shi... de", where the 是 is present because it is connecting to a noun, and the 的 is taking the place of the noun. For this usage to work, there already has to be context, so that the listener can understand what the phrase is actually referring to. Without context, there would be no way to know what the 的 meant. Often, this construction can mean "one," as in "the blue one", or as something like "mine" or "Sarah's" if the noun that precedes it possesses the noun that is being dropped. Be careful though, if there is only going to be an adjective (without a 的 and an implied noun) you can't use 是. In that case, you would have to use 很.

Examples

  • A: 你 要 哪 个 气球?B:我 要 那 个红色 的A: Which balloon do you want? B: I want that red one.
  • A: 你 喜欢 哪 种 女孩子?B:漂亮的A: What kind of girls do you like? B: Pretty ones.
  • A: 你 想 吃 什么 饼干?B:甜的。A: What cookie do you want to eat? B: A sweet one.
  • A: 你 喜欢 喝 哪 个 国家 的 啤酒?B:德国 的。 A: Which country's beer do you like to drink? B: Germany's.
  • 你 是 学生?你是 哪 个 学校的? Are you a student? Which school's student?

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK3