Difference between revisions of "Negation of past actions with "meiyou""

m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK1}}" to "{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}")
 
(11 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 8: Line 8:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
Subj. + 没有 / 没 + Verb
 
Subj. + 没有 / 没 + Verb
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 22: Line 20:
 
*他们 <em>没有</em> 说话。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>méiyǒu</em> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">They didn't speak.</span>
 
*他们 <em>没有</em> 说话。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>méiyǒu</em> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">They didn't speak.</span>
 
*我 <em>没有</em> 喝 你 的 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méiyǒu</em> hē nǐ de píjiǔ.</span><span class="trans">I didn't drink your beer.</span>
 
*我 <em>没有</em> 喝 你 的 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méiyǒu</em> hē nǐ de píjiǔ.</span><span class="trans">I didn't drink your beer.</span>
*她 <em>没有</em> 看到 你。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> kàn dào nǐ.</span><span class="trans">She didn't see you.</span>
+
*她 <em>没有</em> 看到 你。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> kàndào nǐ.</span><span class="trans">She didn't see you.</span>
 
*我 <em>没有</em> 吃 早饭。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méiyǒu</em> chī zǎofàn.</span><span class="trans">I didn't eat breakfast.</span>
 
*我 <em>没有</em> 吃 早饭。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méiyǒu</em> chī zǎofàn.</span><span class="trans">I didn't eat breakfast.</span>
 
*宝宝 <em>没</em> 哭。<span class="expl">有 has been omitted here.</span><span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>méi</em> kū.</span><span class="trans">The baby didn't cry.</span>
 
*宝宝 <em>没</em> 哭。<span class="expl">有 has been omitted here.</span><span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>méi</em> kū.</span><span class="trans">The baby didn't cry.</span>
*你 昨天 <em>没</em> 回 家 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zuótiān <em>méi</em> huí jiā ma?</span><span class="trans">You didn't go back home yesterday?</span>
+
*你 昨天 <em>没</em> 回家 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zuótiān <em>méi</em> huíjiā ma?</span><span class="trans">You didn't go back home yesterday?</span>
 
*老板 今天 <em>没</em> 来 吗?<span class="pinyin"> Lǎobǎn jīntiān <em>méi​</em> lái ma?</span><span class="trans">The boss didn't come today?</span>
 
*老板 今天 <em>没</em> 来 吗?<span class="pinyin"> Lǎobǎn jīntiān <em>méi​</em> lái ma?</span><span class="trans">The boss didn't come today?</span>
 
*老师 今天 <em>没</em> 生气 。<span class="pinyin"> Lǎoshī jīntiān <em>méi</em> shēngqì.</span><span class="trans">The teacher didn't get angry today.</span>
 
*老师 今天 <em>没</em> 生气 。<span class="pinyin"> Lǎoshī jīntiān <em>méi</em> shēngqì.</span><span class="trans">The teacher didn't get angry today.</span>
*妈妈 晚上 <em>没</em> 做 饭。<span class="pinyin"> Māma wǎnshang <em>méi</em> zuò fàn.</span><span class="trans">Mom didn't cook food this evening.</span>
+
*妈妈 晚上 <em>没</em> 做饭。<span class="pinyin"> Māma wǎnshang <em>méi</em> zuòfàn.</span><span class="trans">Mom didn't cook food this evening.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 52: Line 50:
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (p. 32) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|74}}
* [[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (p. 383) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
{{Source|Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)|32}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 138-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] |383}}
 +
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|138-9}}
  
 
===Videos===
 
===Videos===
Line 61: Line 60:
  
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 
[[Category:Verbs]]
 
[[Category:Verbs]]
 
[[Category:Adverbs]]
 
[[Category:Adverbs]]

Latest revision as of 09:20, 20 April 2021

Use 没有 (méiyǒu) to negate past actions (to say that someone didn't do something, or something didn't happen).

Structure

Usually verbs can be negated with 不 (bù), but that construction is used for habitual or present actions. If the verb is about an action in the past, though, 没有 (méiyǒu) should be used:

Subj. + 没有 / 没 + Verb

Note that you can shorten 没有 (méiyǒu) to just 没 (méi).

Examples

  • 没有 去 上班。méiyǒu qù shàngbān.I didn't go to work.
  • 他们 没有 说话。Tāmen méiyǒu shuōhuà.They didn't speak.
  • 没有 喝 你 的 啤酒。méiyǒu hē nǐ de píjiǔ.I didn't drink your beer.
  • 没有 看到 你。méiyǒu kàndào nǐ.She didn't see you.
  • 没有 吃 早饭。méiyǒu chī zǎofàn.I didn't eat breakfast.
  • 宝宝 哭。有 has been omitted here.Bǎobao méi kū.The baby didn't cry.
  • 你 昨天 回家 吗?Nǐ zuótiān méi huíjiā ma?You didn't go back home yesterday?
  • 老板 今天 来 吗? Lǎobǎn jīntiān méi​ lái ma?The boss didn't come today?
  • 老师 今天 生气 。 Lǎoshī jīntiān méi shēngqì.The teacher didn't get angry today.
  • 妈妈 晚上 做饭。 Māma wǎnshang méi zuòfàn.Mom didn't cook food this evening.

Go Easy on the 了 (le)

One thing you need to remember when using 没有 (méiyǒu) is that 了 (le) is not normally used with 没有 (méiyǒu). 了 (le) marks completed actions, while 没有 (méiyǒu) is used for actions that didn't happen (so of course they're not completed). These two don't work together. This is a very common mistake for beginner learners of Chinese.

  • 没有méiyǒu zuò le.
  • 没有 做。méiyǒu zuò.I didn't do it.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Videos