Property:Is used for

This property details what the grammar point is used for in terms of its communicative function. For example, politeness, comparision etc.

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"
"Could it be that" with "qibushi" +
Asking rhetorical questions  +
"In order to avoid" with "yimian" +
Expressing a central concept  +
A
A softer "but" with "buguo" +
Connecting ideas  +, Contrasting  +
Actions in a row +
Sequencing events in time  +
Adding emphasis with "fei....buke" +
Emphasizing  +, Giving commands  +, Expressing obligations  +
Additional way to express "in the name of" +
Expressing in the name of  +, Expressing under the guise of  +
Adjectival complement "de budeliao" +
Expressing degree  +, Expressing quality  +, Emphasizing  +
Adjectival complement "de hen" +
Expressing degree  +, Expressing quality  +, Emphasizing  +
Adjectives with "-ji le" +
Expressing degree  +, Emphasizing  +
Adjectives with "name" and "zheme" +
Adding more explanation  +, Expressing attitude  +, Describing things  +
Advanced "le" after an object +
Expressing completion  +, Describing actions  +, Referring to the past  +
Advanced "le" with complements +
Expressing completion  +, Describing actions  +, Referring to the past  +
Advanced degree complements +
Expressing degree  +
Advanced potential complements +
Expressing possibility  +, Describing actions  +
Advanced result complements "zhu", "kai", and "chulai" +
Expressing duration  +, Expressing result  +
Advanced usages of the contrary "dao" +
Contrasting  +, Expressing attitude  +
Advanced uses of "ba" +
Expressing passive voice  +, Sentence Patterns  +
Advanced uses of "dou" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing quantity  +
Advanced uses of "hai" +
Expressing attitude  +, Expressing degree  +, Asking questions  +, …
Advanced uses of "lian" +
Expressing attitude  +, Adding more explanation  +
Advanced uses of "zong" +
Describing things  +
Advanced uses of direction complement "-qilai" +
Expressing result  +
Advanced yes-no questions with "ma" +
Asking questions  +, Requesting  +
Affirmative-negative question +
Asking questions  +, Giving alternatives  +
After a specific time with "yihou" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Age with "sui" +
Introducing people  +, Describing people  +
Alternative existential sentences +
Expressing existence  +
An additional step with "jin yi bu" +
Expressing degree  +
Appearance with "kanqilai" +
Describing things  +, Expressing attitude  +
Approximating with sequential numbers +
Expressing quantity  +
Approximations with "chabuduo" +
Expressing degree  +, Expressing similarity  +, Comparing  +
Asking about degree with "duo" +
Adding more explanation  +, Asking questions  +, Expressing quality  +
Asking how something is with "zenmeyang" +
Asking questions  +, Expressing attitude  +
Asking why with "zenme" +
Asking questions  +, Expressing attitude  +, Exclaiming  +
Aspect particle "zhe" +
Expressing duration  +, Indicating conditions  +
Assessing situations with "kanlai" +
Referring to the future  +
Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings +
Referring to the future  +, Expressing determination  +, Expressing desires  +
B
Basic comparisons with "bi" +
Comparing  +
Basic comparisons with "bu bi" +
Comparing  +, Denying and refusing  +
Basic comparisons with "meiyou" +
Comparing  +, Denying and refusing  +
Basic comparisons with "yiyang" +
Comparing  +, Expressing similarity  +
Basic sentence order +
Sentence Patterns  +
Before a specific time with "yiqian" +
Expressing time and date  +, Referring to the past  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Big numbers in Chinese +
Expressing quantity  +
C
Causative verbs +
Giving commands  +, Sentence Patterns  +
Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi" +
Expressing result  +, Indicating cause and effect  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Challenging a verb with "shenme" +
Expressing quality  +, Expressing attitude  +, Asking rhetorical questions  +
Challenging an adjective with "shenme" +
Asking questions  +
Change of state with "le" +
Expressing result  +, Referring to changes of situation  +, Indicating conditions  +
Coincidence with "zhenghao" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Indicating conditions  +
Comparing "benlai" and "yuanlai" +
Explaining  +, Justifying  +
Comparing "bu" and "mei" +
Negating  +, Describing actions  +, Denying and refusing  +
Comparing "buduan" and "buting" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing attitude  +, Expressing duration  +
Comparing "cai" and "jiu" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing attitude  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Comparing "changchang" and "jingchang" +
Expressing frequency  +, Describing actions  +, Referring to habitual actions  +
Comparing "changchang" and "wangwang" +
Expressing frequency  +, Referring to habitual actions  +
Comparing "chao" "xiang" and "wang" +
Describing things  +, Describing actions  +
Comparing "dui" and "duiyu" +
Describing things  +, Describing people  +, Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "duiyu" and "zhiyu" +
Adding more explanation  +, Connecting ideas  +
Comparing "er" and "liang" +
Expressing quantity  +
Comparing "fan'er" and “que" +
Describing things  +, Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "fan'er" and “xiangfan" +
Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "gang" and "gangcai" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing time and date  +
Comparing "gei" and "wei" +
Expressing purpose  +
Comparing "gen" and "dui" +
Describing actions  +
Comparing "guanyu" and "duiyu" +
Adding more explanation  +, Connecting ideas  +
Comparing "haishi" and "huozhe" +
Giving alternatives  +, Asking questions  +
Comparing "hui," "neng," "keyi" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing ability  +, Expressing possibility  +, …, …
Comparing "kanqilai" and "kanlai" +
Describing things  +, Describing people  +, Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "kending" "queding" and “yiding" +
Describing things  +, Describing actions  +, Expressing attitude  +, …
Comparing "li" and "cong" +
Expressing distance  +, Expressing location  +, Giving directions  +, …
Comparing "pingshi" and "pingchang" +
Expressing frequency  +, Describing things  +, Referring to habitual actions  +
Comparing "renjia" and "bieren" +
Describing people  +, Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "shihe" and "heshi" +
Describing places  +, Describing things  +, Describing people  +, …
Comparing "turan" and "huran" +
Expressing time and date  +, Describing actions  +, Expressing attitude  +, …
Comparing "xiande" and "kanqilai" +
Describing things  +, Describing people  +, Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "yao" and "xiang" +
Referring to the future  +, Expressing determination  +, Expressing desires  +
Comparing "yihou" "ranhou" "houlai" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Expressing order  +
Comparing "yihou" and "de shihou" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Indicating conditions  +
Comparing "yihou" and "zhihou" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to the past  +
Comparing "yizhi" and "yixiang" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing frequency  +, Describing actions  +, …
Comparing "youdian" and "yidian" +
Expressing degree  +, Adding more explanation  +, Expressing attitude  +
Comparing "zai" and "you" +
Describing actions  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Comparing "zongsuan" and “zhongyu" +
Describing actions  +
Comparing specifically with "xiang" +
Comparing  +
Comparisons with "biqi" +
Comparing  +
Comparisons with "buru" +
Denying and refusing  +, Comparing  +, Expressing preference  +
Complement "-huai le" +
Expressing result  +
Complement "-zhao" +
Expressing duration  +, Expressing result  +
Conceding with "ba" +
Expressing attitude  +
Conditions with "yao" and "jiu" +
Indicating conditions  +, Expressing attitude  +, Giving commands  +
Connecting nouns with "shi" +
Introducing people  +, Describing people  +, Expressing existence  +, …
Continuation with "hai" +
Adding more explanation  +, Connecting ideas  +
Counting money +
Expressing quantity  +
D
Declaring the only option with "zhihao" +
Describing attitude  +
Defining upper and lower limits +
Defining upper and lower limits  +
Degree complement +
Expressing degree  +
Direction complement +
Expressing movement  +, Describing places  +, Describing actions  +
Direction complement "-qilai" +
Expressing result  +, Describing actions  +, Expressing movement  +
Directional verbs "lai" and "qu" +
Expressing movement  +
Doing something less with "shao" +
Adding more explanation  +
Doing something more with "duo" +
Adding more explanation  +
E
Emphasis with "jiushi" +
Emphasizing  +
Emphasizing a negation with "bing" +
Emphasizing Negation  +
Emphasizing negation with "you" +
Expressing attitude  +, Emphasizing  +
Emphasizing quantity with "dou" +
Expressing quantity  +, Emphasizing  +
Emphasizing the doer of an action with "you" +
Emphasizing  +, Describing people  +, Indicating conditions  +
Emphasizing with "henshi" +
Expressing degree  +, Emphasizing  +
Emphatic adverb "ke" +
Expressing quality  +, Emphasizing  +
Ending a non-exhaustive list with "shenme de" +
Listing  +
Events in quick succession with "yi... jiu..." +
Sequencing events in time  +, Indicating conditions  +, Indicating cause and effect  +
Explaining purpose with "wei... er..." +
Expressing purpose  +
Express an action and its effect by using "tongguo… shi" +
Stating effect and cause  +
Expressing "I bet" using "liang" +
Expressing certainty  +
Expressing "a bit too" +
Expressing quality  +
Expressing "a full" with "zuzu" +
Emphasizing a number  +
Expressing "a little too" with "you dian" +
Adding more explanation  +, Expressing quality  +
Expressing "about to happen" with "le" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to changes of situation  +
Expressing "about to" with "jiuyao" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to changes of situation  +
Expressing "about" with "guanyu" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "again and again" with "yizai" +
Emphasizing  +
Expressing "again" in the future with "zai" +
Expressing time and date  +
Expressing "again" in the past with "you" +
Expressing time and date  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "all along" with "yizhi" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing frequency  +, Describing actions  +, …
Expressing "all along" with "yuanlai" +
Explaining  +, Justifying  +
Expressing "all at once" with "yixiazi" +
Expressing duration  +, Describing actions  +
Expressing "all the way until" with "zhidao" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "all" with "suoyou" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "almost" using "chadian mei" +
Describing actions  +
Expressing "almost" using "chadian" +
Describing actions  +
Expressing "along with…" with "suizhe" +
Referring to simultaneous events  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "already" with "dou" +
Expressing attitude  +, Emphasizing  +
Expressing "already" with "yijing" +
Emphasizing  +
Expressing "already" with just "le" +
Referring to changes of situation  +
Expressing "although" with "jinguan" +
Connecting ideas  +, Contrasting  +
Expressing "although" with "suiran" and "danshi" +
Connecting ideas  +, Contrasting  +
Expressing "always previously" with "xianglai" +
Expressing frequency  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "always" with "conglai" +
Expressing frequency  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "always" with "zongshi" +
Expressing frequency  +
Expressing "among" with "dangzhong" +
Describing things  +, Describing actions  +
Expressing "and also" with "hai" +
Giving alternatives  +, Connecting ideas  +
Expressing "and then" with "yushi" +
Expressing result  +, Indicating cause and effect  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing "and" with "he" +
Listing  +
Expressing "and" with "he" (advanced) +
Listing  +
Expressing "any" with "renhe" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "anyway" with "fanzheng" +
Expressing determination  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "as a result" with "jieguo" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "as early as" using "zaozai……" +
Indicating events in time  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "as expected" with "guoran" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "as if" with "sihu" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "as long as" with "zhiyao" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "as much as possible" with "jinliang" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "as one likes" with "jiu" +
Expressing desires  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "as well as" with "yiji" +
Listing  +
Expressing "be going to" with "yao" +
Expressing desires  +, Expressing determination  +, Referring to the future  +, …
Expressing "before" and "after" with "zhiqian" and "zhihou" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to the past  +, Referring to the future  +
Expressing "before" in general with "yiqian" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "both A and B" with "you" +
Expressing quality  +, Describing things  +
Expressing "both… and…" with "ji...you" +
Giving alternatives  +, Describing things  +
Expressing "can't do without" with "shaobuliao" +
Indicating conditions  +, Indicating cause and effect  +, Referring to simultaneous events  +
Expressing "compared with" using "gen" +
Comparing  +
Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "pianpian" +
Contrasting  +
Expressing "could it be possible that" with "mofei" +
Asking rhetorical questions  +
Expressing "difficult" with "nan" +
Describing actions  +
Expressing "don't need to" with "buyong" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "double negation" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "due to…" with "youyu" +
Indicating cause and effect  +
Expressing "each other" with "huxiang" +
Describing actions  +
Expressing "either... or..." with "yaome" +
Giving alternatives  +
Expressing "enough" with "gou" +
Describing degree  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "equal to" with "dengyu" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "especially" with "gewai" +
Emphasizing  +
Expressing "even if…" with "jishi" +
Indicating conditions  +, Expressing determination  +
Expressing "even if…" with "jiushi" +
Expressing determination  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "even if…" with "jiusuan" +
Expressing determination  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "even if…" with "napa" +
Expressing determination  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "even more" with "geng" +
Expressing quality  +, Comparing  +
Expressing "even more" with "geng" or "hai" +
Comparing  +, Adding more explanation  +, Expressing degree  +
Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou" +
Expressing attitude  +, Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "even" with "shenzhi" +
Expressing determination  +
Expressing "ever since" with "yilai" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "ever since" with "zicong" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "every" with question words +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "except" and "in addition" with "chule… yiwai" +
Giving alternatives  +
Expressing "excessively" with "tai" +
Expressing quality  +, Emphasizing  +
Expressing "feel free" with "jinguan" +
Encouraging  +
Expressing "finally" with "zhongyu" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "for" with "gei" +
Expressing purpose  +
Expressing "for" with "wei" +
Expressing purpose  +
Expressing "from" with "cong... zhong" +
Expressing from  +, Explaining  +
Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…" +
Giving directions  +, Expressing distance  +, Expressing duration  +, …
Expressing "had better" with "haishi" +
Expressing quality  +, Expressing obligations  +
Expressing "had better" with "zuihao" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "half" with "ban" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "hard to avoid" with "nanmian" +
Expressing quality  +
Expressing "have to" with "budebu" +
Expressing attitude  +, Expressing obligations  +
Expressing "how about" with "yaobu" +
Giving alternatives  +, Indicating cause and effect  +
Expressing "how often" +
Expressing frequency  +
Expressing "however" with "ran'er" +
Expressing however  +, Expressing alternative view  +
Expressing "if it were not for" with "yaobushi" +
Indicating conditions  +, Expressing possibility  +
Expressing "if" with "ruguo... dehua" +
Indicating conditions  +, Expressing possibility  +
Expressing "if... then..." with "ruguo... jiu..." +
Indicating conditions  +, Expressing possibility  +
Expressing "if… then…" with "jiaru" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Expressing possibility  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "if… then…" with "jiashi" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Expressing possibility  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "if… then…" with "yaoshi" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Indicating conditions  +, Expressing possibility  +
Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou" +
Expressing quantity  +, Listing  +
Expressing "in addition" with "lingwai" +
Giving alternatives  +, Connecting ideas  +
Expressing "in addition" with "zaishuo" +
Connecting ideas  +, Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "in light of" with "jianyu" +
Indicating cause and effect  +
Expressing "in short" with "zongzhi" +
Concluding  +
Expressing "in the end" with "daodi" +
Exclaiming  +
Expressing "in this way" with "zheyang" +
Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "including" with "zainei" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "inevitably" with "shibi" +
Expressing inevitablity  +
Expressing "it depends" with "kan" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Adding more explanation  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "it seems" with "haoxiang" +
Observing  +
Expressing "just now" with "gangcai" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to changes of situation  +
Expressing "just" do it with "gancui" +
Requesting  +
Expressing "just" with "gang" +
Expressing time and date  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing "less than" with "budao" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "let alone" with "bie shuo" +
Expressing determination  +
Expressing "let alone" with "geng buyong shuo" +
Expressing determination  +
Expressing "let alone" with "hekuang" +
Expressing determination  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "lies in" with "zaiyu" +
Expressing "it depends" with "kan"  +
Expressing "mistakenly think that" with "yiwei" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "more and more" with "yuelaiyue" +
Expressing degree  +
Expressing "much more" in comparisons +
Comparing  +, Adding more explanation  +, Expressing quality  +
Expressing "multiples" with "bei" +
Expressing quantity  +, Comparing  +
Expressing "must" with "dei" +
Expressing obligations  +, Giving commands  +
Expressing "nearly" with "jihu" +
Expressing degree  +, Expressing similarity  +
Expressing "never again" with "zai ye bu" +
Expressing time and date  +, Referring to the future  +
Expressing "never" with "conglai" +
Expressing frequency  +, Referring to the past  +, Referring to habitual actions  +
Expressing "no exception" with "yilu" +
Expressing attitude  +, Expressing quantity  +, Emphasizing  +
Expressing "no matter" with "buguan" +
Expressing attitude  +, Expressing determination  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "no matter" with "wulun" +
Expressing attitude  +, Indicating conditions  +, Expressing determination  +
Expressing "no wonder" +
Exclaiming  +
Expressing "no" (noun) "to" (verb) with "wu... ke..." +
Complaining  +
Expressing "not anymore" with "le" +
Referring to changes of situation  +
Expressing "not at all" with "yidianr ye bu" +
Denying and refusing  +
Expressing "not even one" +
Describing things  +
Expressing "not often" with "bu zenme" +
Expressing frequency  +
Expressing "not only... but also" with "budan... erqie..." +
Connecting ideas  +, Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "not only..., even..." using "budan..., shenzhi lian" +
Connecting ideas  +, Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "not very" with "bu tai" +
Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "not very" with "bu zenme" +
Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "nothing is more...than" with "moguoyu" +
Emphasizing  +
Expressing "now" with "le" +
Referring to changes of situation  +
Expressing "on the basis of" with "ping" +
Adding more explanation  +
Expressing "on the contrary" with "fan'er" +
Contrasting  +, Denying and refusing  +
Expressing "once" with "cengjing" +
Expressing time and date  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing "once...then..." with "yidan...jiu..." +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "one by one" with "yi" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "only after" with "cai" +
Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "only if" with "zhiyou" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing "only" with "zhi" +
Expressing limits  +
Expressing "or" in statements +
Giving alternatives  +
Expressing "originally" with "benlai" +
Explaining  +, Justifying  +, Asking rhetorical questions  +
Expressing "quite" with "ting" +
Expressing degree  +
Expressing "rather than..." with "yuqi... buru" +
Expressing preference  +, Comparing  +
Expressing "rather" with "bijiao" +
Comparing  +
Expressing "really" with "zhen" +
Emphasizing  +
Expressing "related to..." with "you guan de" +
Connecting ideas  +
Expressing "should" with "yinggai" +
Expressing obligations  +
Expressing "similar to" with "gen... shide" +
Expressing similarity  +
Expressing "simply" with "jianzhi" +
Expressing quality  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "since the beginning" with "yixiang" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing frequency  +, Referring to the past  +, …
Expressing "since" with "jiran" +
Indicating cause and effect  +
Expressing "small quantity" with "jiu" +
Describing actions  +, Describing things  +
Expressing "so-called" with "suowei" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "some" with "yixie" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing "stop doing" with "bie… le" +
Denying and refusing  +, Giving commands  +
Expressing "stuff like that" with "zhileide" +
Listing  +
Expressing "thanks to" with "duokui" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "that's all" with "eryi" +
Emphasizing a point  +
Expressing "the more... the more..." with "yue… yue…" +
Expressing degree  +
Expressing "then" with "jiu" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing "then…" with "name" +
Connecting ideas  +
Expressing "therefore" with "yinci" +
Indicating cause and effect  +
Expressing "through" with "jingguo" +
Referring to past experiences  +
Expressing "through" with "tongguo" +
Expressing purpose  +
Expressing "thus" with "cong'er" +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing "to be worth" doing with "zhide" +
Expressing quality  +
Expressing "to be worthy of" with "bukuishi" +
Emphasizing  +
Expressing "to come from" with "laizi" +
Expressing to come from  +
Expressing "to make certain" with "qianwan" +
Giving commands  +
Expressing "unless" with "chufei" +
Indicating cause and effect  +
Expressing "until" with "dao" +
Expressing result  +, Describing actions  +
Expressing "what if" with "wanyi" +
Expressing possibility  +
Expressing "when the time comes" with "dao shihou" +
Expressing time and date  +
Expressing "when" using "dang" +
Expressing time and date  +
Expressing "when" with "de shihou" +
Expressing time and date  +, Referring to simultaneous events  +
Expressing "when" with "dengdao" +
Expressing time and date  +
Expressing "when" with "shi" +
Expressing time and date  +, Referring to simultaneous events  +
Expressing "while you're at it" with "shunbian" +
Describing actions  +
Expressing "why" with "hebi" +
Expressing attitude  +, Emphasizing  +
Expressing "will" with "hui" +
Expressing ability  +, Referring to the future  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing "with regards to" with "zhiyu" +
Adding more explanation  +, Connecting ideas  +
Expressing "within" a period of time using "zai... nei" +
Expressing duration  +
Expressing "would like to" with "xiang" +
Expressing desires  +, Expressing purpose  +
Expressing "would rather" with "ningke" +
Giving alternatives  +
Expressing a last chance with "zaibu... jiu..." +
Referring to the future  +
Expressing a learned skill with "hui" +
Expressing ability  +
Expressing ability or possibility with "neng" +
Expressing ability  +, Expressing possibility  +
Expressing actions in progress (full form) +
Referring to the present  +
Expressing actions in progress with "zai" +
Referring to the present  +, Indicating conditions  +, Describing actions  +
Expressing close possession without "de" +
Expressing possession  +
Expressing comparable degree with "you" +
Describing things  +, Describing people  +, Comparing  +
Expressing completion with "le" +
Expressing completion  +, Describing actions  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing concern with "kongpa" +
Expressing concern  +
Expressing contrariness with "dao" +
Contrasting  +
Expressing difficulty with "hao (bu) rongyi" +
Expressing quality  +
Expressing distance with "li" +
Expressing distance  +, Expressing location  +, Giving directions  +, …
Expressing duration of inaction +
Expressing duration  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing duration with "le" +
Expressing duration  +, Referring to the past  +, Expressing time and date  +
Expressing earliness with "jiu" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing attitude  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing existence in a place with "zai" +
Expressing existence  +, Expressing location  +, Indicating conditions  +
Expressing existence with "you" +
Expressing existence  +, Indicating conditions  +, Describing places  +
Expressing experiences with "guo" +
Referring to the past  +, Referring to past experiences  +
Expressing fractions with "fenzhi" +
Expressing quantity  +
Expressing future with "jiang" +
Referring to the future  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing indifference with "jiu" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing lateness with "cai" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing attitude  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing location with "zai... shang / xia / li" +
Expressing location  +, Describing places  +, Giving directions  +
Expressing not knowing how to do something using "hao" +
Expressing quality  +, Comprehending  +
Expressing ongoing duration with double "le" +
Expressing time and date  +, Expressing duration  +, Referring to the past  +
Expressing passive voice with "gei" +
Expressing passive voice  +
Expressing permission with "keyi" +
Expressing ability  +, Requesting  +
Expressing possession with "de" +
Expressing possession  +
Expressing possession with "you" +
Expressing possession  +
Expressing possession with "zhi" +
Expressing possession  +
Expressing purpose with "hao" +
Expressing purpose  +
Expressing purpose with "weile" +
Expressing purpose  +
Expressing simultaneous actions with "yimian" +
Referring to simultaneous events  +
Expressing something is "not worth doing" with "buxie" +
Expressing disdain  +
Expressing that something has already happened with "laizhe" +
Sequencing events in time  +
Expressing the only two possibilities +
Giving alternatives  +, Differentiating  +
Expressing the self-evident with "ma" +
Expressing attitude  +
Expressing the unexpected with "jingran" +
Expressing surprise  +
Expressing various aspects with "yi fangmian" +
Expressing quality  +
Expressing wasted efforts with "bai" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing attitude  +
Expressing “must" with "feidei" +
Expressing obligations  +, Giving commands  +
F
Facilitating an outcome with "yibian" +
Expressing purpose  +
H
How to do something with "zenme" +
Asking questions  +
I
Idiomatic phrases with "zai" +
Expressing location  +, Indicating conditions  +
In the future in general with "yihou" +
Referring to the future  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Inability with "mei banfa" +
Describing actions  +, Expressing impossibility  +, Indicating conditions  +
Indicating a number in excess +
Expressing quantity  +
Indicating contrast with "ze" +
Contrasting  +
Indicating location with "zai" before verbs +
Expressing location  +
Indicating negative impact with "haide" +
Complaining  +
Indicating the whole with "quan" +
Expressing quantity  +, Sentence Patterns  +
Intensifying with "duo" +
Adding more explanation  +, Emphasizing  +
Interrogative pronouns +
Asking questions  +
L
Listing things with "a" +
Expressing attitude  +, Listing  +
M
Making "-ize" and "-ify" verbs with "hua" +
Describing actions  +
Making judgments with "suan" +
Adding more explanation  +, Expressing quality  +
Many types of "not only... but also..." +
Differentiating  +, Giving alternatives  +, Adding more explanation  +
Marking a topic with "de hua" +
Marking a topic  +
Marking a topic with "ma" +
Marking a topic  +
Measure word "ge" +
Expressing quantity  +
Measure words for counting +
Expressing quantity  +
Measure words in quantity questions +
Asking questions  +
Measure words with "this" and "that" +
Differentiating  +
Modal particle "ne" +
Expressing attitude  +
Moderating positive adjectives with "hai" +
Adding more explanation  +, Expressing quality  +
Modifying nouns with adjective + "de" +
Expressing quality  +, Describing places  +, Describing things  +, …
Modifying nouns with phrase + "de" +
Expressing quality  +, Describing actions  +, Describing places  +, …, …
N
Name-calling with "zhege" +
Describing people  +, Describing things  +, Emphasizing  +, …
Negation of "you" with "mei" +
Denying and refusing  +, Negating  +
Negation of past actions with "meiyou" +
Denying and refusing  +, Referring to the past  +
Negative adjectives with "-si le" +
Expressing degree  +, Emphasizing  +
Negative commands with "bie" +
Giving commands  +, Denying and refusing  +
Negative commands with "buyao" +
Denying and refusing  +, Giving commands  +
Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng" +
Listing  +
O
Offering choices with "haishi" +
Asking questions  +, Giving alternatives  +
Opportune timing with "chen" +
Indicating conditions  +, Indicating cause and effect  +
Ordinal numbers with "di" +
Expressing order  +
P
Passive verbs with "shou" +
Expressing passive voice  +, Describing actions  +
Phrases using "laishuo" +
Describing attitude  +
Placement of question words +
Asking questions  +, Sentence Patterns  +
Polite requests with "qing" +
Requesting  +
Potential complement +
Describing actions  +
Potential complement "-bu dong" for not understanding +
Expressing result  +, Comprehending  +
Providing two options with double "huozhe" +
Giving alternatives  +
Q
Questions with "le ma" +
Asking questions  +
Questions with "ne" +
Expressing attitude  +, Asking questions  +
R
Reduplication of adjectives +
Expressing quality  +
Reduplication of measure words +
Expressing quantity  +
Reduplication of verbs +
Decreasing formality  +, Expressing duration  +
Repeated actions in the past with "you" +
Describing actions  +
Result complement +
Describing actions  +
Result complement "-wan" for finishing +
Expressing result  +, Describing actions  +, Indicating conditions  +
Result complement "-xiaqu" +
Expressing result  +, Describing actions  +
Result complements +
Expressing result  +, Describing actions  +
Result complements "-dao" and "-jian" +
Expressing result  +
Reviewing options with "ba" +
Expressing attitude  +
Rhetorical questions with "nandao" +
Asking questions  +, Asking rhetorical questions  +
S
Saying "a lot" with "youdeshi" +
Expressing degree  +, Expressing quantity  +
Sentence-final interjection "a" +
Expressing attitude  +, Exclaiming  +
Separable verb +
Describing actions  +, Referring to past experiences  +, Referring to changes of situation  +, …, …
Sequencing past events with "houlai" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Referring to the past  +, Expressing order  +
Sequencing with "xian" and "zai" +
Sequencing events in time  +, Expressing order  +, Listing  +
Simple "noun + adjective" sentences +
Expressing quality  +, Describing things  +
Simple rhetorical questions +
Asking questions  +, Expressing attitude  +, Asking rhetorical questions  +
Simultaneous tasks with "yibian" +
Referring to simultaneous events  +, Indicating conditions  +
Softening speech with "ba" +
Expressing attitude  +
Softening the tone of questions with "ne" +
Expressing attitude  +
Special cases of "zai" following verbs +
Expressing location  +
Special verbs with "hen" +
Expressing quality  +
Standard negation with "bu" +
Negating  +, Describing actions  +, Denying and refusing  +, …, …
Stating the effect before the cause +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Structure of dates +
Expressing time and date  +
Structure of days of the week +
Expressing time and date  +
Structure of numbers +
Expressing quantity  +
Structure of times (advanced) +
Expressing time and date  +
Structure of times (basic) +
Expressing time and date  +
Suggestions with "ba" +
Expressing attitude  +, Requesting  +
Superlative "zui" +
Comparing  +, Emphasizing  +
T
Tag questions with "bu" +
Asking questions  +, Giving alternatives  +
Tag questions with "ma" +
Asking questions  +, Requesting  +
Taiwanese "you" +
Referring to the past  +, Referring to past experiences  +
The "all" adverb "dou" +
Expressing quantity  +, Emphasizing  +
The "also" adverb "ye" +
Adding more explanation  +
The "however" adverb "que" +
Contrasting  +, Differentiating  +
The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details +
Emphasizing  +, Referring to the past  +
The "shi... de" construction for indicating purpose +
Emphasizing  +, Expressing purpose  +
The "shi... de" patterns: an overview +
Emphasizing  +
The filler word "neige" +
Connecting ideas  +
The opposite of "chabuduo" is "cha hen duo" +
Expressing degree  +, Comparing  +
The use of Taiwanese Mandarin "hui" +
Referring to the future  +, Expressing possibility  +
Time words and word order +
Expressing time and date  +, Sentence Patterns  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Topic-comment sentences +
Marking a topic  +
Tricky uses of "dao" +
Expressing result  +
Turning adjectives into adverbs +
Indicating conditions  +, Describing actions  +
Two words for "but" +
Connecting ideas  +, Contrasting  +
U
Use "tangruo" to express "if" +
Expressing possibility  +
Using "always" as a complaint with "laoshi" +
Expressing frequency  +, Expressing attitude  +
Using "ba" sentences +
Expressing passive voice  +
Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect +
Indicating cause and effect  +, Indicating conditions  +, Sequencing events in time  +
Using "bei" sentences +
Expressing passive voice  +, Sentence Patterns  +
Using "budan... geng" to express "not only... but also" +
Connecting ideas  +, Adding more explanation  +, Additional degree  +
Using "cai" for small numbers +
Expressing quantity  +, Emphasizing  +
Using "dao" to mean "to go to" +
Expressing movement  +
Using "de" (modal particle) +
Emphasizing  +
Using "dui" with verbs +
Describing actions  +
Using "er" to explain contrasting ideas +
Contrasting  +, Differentiating  +
Using "guo" with "le" +
Referring to the past  +, Expressing completion  +
Using "hao" to mean "easy" +
Describing actions  +
Using "ji" to mean "several" +
Expressing quantity  +
Using "jiang" as a formal "ba" +
Expressing active voice  +
Using "lai" and "qu" when "verbing around" +
Expressing duration  +, Describing actions  +, Expressing movement  +
Using "lai" as a dummy verb +
Addressing people  +
Using "lai" to connect two verb phrases +
Expressing purpose  +
Using "nanguai" as a verb +
Expressing attitude  +
Using "ye" and "dou" together +
Expressing quantity  +
Using "yi... wei..." +
Expressing a central concept  +
Using "youde" to mean "some" +
Expressing quantity  +
Using "zhe" when "verbing away" +
Expressing duration  +, Indicating conditions  +, Describing actions  +, …
Using the "suo" structure +
Sentence Patterns  +
Using the particle "bei" +
Expressing the obvious  +
Using the verb "jiao" +
Introducing people  +
Using the verb "qu" +
Expressing movement  +
Using the verb "xing" +
Introducing people  +
V
Verbing briefly with "yixia" +
Expressing duration  +, Decreasing formality  +, Describing actions  +
Verbs followed by "gei" +
Describing actions  +
W
Wanting to do something with "yao" +
Expressing desires  +, Expressing determination  +, Referring to the future  +, …
Y
Yes-no questions with "ma" +
Asking questions  +, Requesting  +
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