Difference between revisions of "Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)"

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==Chapter Ten       Complex Sentences......................................................................583==
 
==Chapter Ten       Complex Sentences......................................................................583==
*Definition..................................................................................................................583
+
*Definition
*Grammatical features..............................................................................................583
+
*Grammatical features
*Types of complex sentences..................................................................................586
+
*Types of complex sentences
*Section I Coordinate complex sentences.....................................................588
+
*Section I Coordinate complex sentences
*Section II         Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives.........................595 
+
*Section II         Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives
*Section III      Subordinate complex sentences....................................................608
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*Section III      Subordinate complex sentences
*Section IV      Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives.......................617
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*Section IV      Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives
*Section V The contracted sentence................................................................638
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*Section V The contracted sentence
  
 
==Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646==
 
==Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646==
 
==Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652==
 
==Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652==

Revision as of 09:42, 9 November 2011

Chapter One Introduction …………………….....................................................1

Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11

  • Words
  • Classification of words
  • Conversion of parts of speech
  • Section I Nouns
  • Section II Verbs
  • Section III Auxiliary verbs
  • Section IV Adjectives
  • Section V Numerals
  • Section VI Measure words
  • Section VII Pronouns
  • Section VIII Adverbs
  • Section IX Prepositions
  • Section X Conjunctions
  • Section XI Particles
  • Section XII Interjections
  • Section XIII Onomatopes
  • Table 1: Relationships Between the Parts of Speech

and the Elements of a Sentence

Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155

  • Phrases
  • Classification of phrases
  • The basis for classifying phrases
  • Section I The coordinative phrase
  • Section II The Subject – Predicate phrase
  • Section III The Verb – Object phrase
  • Section IV The endocentric phrase
  • Section V The Numeral – Measure word phrase
  • Section VI The complementary phrase
  • Section VII The phrase of locality
  • Section VIII The appositive phrase
  • Section IX The set phrase
  • Section X The prepositional phrase
  • Section XI The 的- phrase
  • Table 2: Phrases and Their Functions

Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228

  • Section I The subject
  • Section II The predicate
  • Section III The object
  • Section IV The attributive
  • Section V Adverbial adjuncts
  • Section VI Complements
  • Table 3: Relationship of Different Parts of Speech and

Phrases with Complements of Different Kinds ...

Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330

  • Definition
  • The basic structure of the simple sentence
  • Functions of the simple sentence
  • The classification of sentences

Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334

  • Section I Sentences with verbal predicates
  • Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates
  • Section III Sentences with nominal predicates
  • Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate
  • Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence
  • Section V The subjectless sentence
  • Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence
  • Section VII The elliptical sentence
  • Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence

Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365

  • Section VIII The declarative sentence
  • Section IX The interrogative sentence
  • Table 6: The Five Types of Questions
  • Section X The imperative sentence
  • Section XI The exclamatory sentence
  • Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function

Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403

  • Definition
  • Common ways to indicate the aspect of an action
  • Section I The progressive aspect of an action
  • Section II The continuous aspect of an action
  • Section III The perfect aspect of an action
  • Section IV The changing aspect of an action
  • Section V Actions as past experience
  • Table 8 The five aspects of an action

Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445

  • Section I The 是-sentence
  • Section II The 有-sentence
  • Section III The 把-sentence
  • Section IV The 被-sentence
  • Section V Sentences with verbal constructions in series
  • Section VI Pivotal sentences
  • Section VII Existential sentences
  • Table 9: Sentences with Special Verb Predicates

Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510

  • Section I Using 比 to express comparison
  • Section II Using 跟 to express comparison
  • Section III Using 有 to express comparison
  • Section IV Using 像 to express comparison
  • Section V Using 不如 to express comparison
  • Section VI Using 越来越 to express comparison
  • Table 10: Six Ways of Expressing Comparison

Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557

  • Section I Using interrogative pronouns to express emphasis
  • Section II Using 连….都(也)to express emphasis
  • Section III Using the adverb 是 to express emphasis
  • Section IV Using the adverb 就 to express emphasis
  • Section V Using double negation to express emphasis
  • Section VI Using 是….的 to express emphasis
  • Table 11: Six Ways to Express Emphasis

Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583

  • Definition
  • Grammatical features
  • Types of complex sentences
  • Section I Coordinate complex sentences
  • Section II Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives
  • Section III Subordinate complex sentences
  • Section IV Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives
  • Section V The contracted sentence

Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646

Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652