Referring to the past

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The following structures used to refer to past actions in Chinese are organized according to our grammar points by level.

A1 Referring to the past

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Negation of past actions with "meiyou" 没有 + Verb 没有 去 酒吧。

A2 Referring to the past

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Before a specific time with "yiqian" Time / Verb + 以前 十 点 以前,我 在 家。
Expressing "before" in general with "yiqian" 以前,⋯⋯ 以前,我 不 会 说 中文。
Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…" 从⋯⋯到⋯⋯ 1 号 5 号 我 在 上海。
Expressing "never" with "conglai" 从来 + 不 / 没(有) + Verb 从来 不 喝酒。我 从来 没有 美国。
Expressing completion with "le" Subj. + Verb + 了 + Obj. 我 吃 两 个 苹果。
Expressing duration with "le" Verb + 了 + Duration 他 在 北京 住 了 两 年
Expressing experiences with "guo" Verb + 过 我 去 中国 。
Expressing ongoing duration with double "le" Verb + 了 + Duration + 了 他 在 北京 住 了 两 年 了
Using "guo" with "le" Verb + 过 + 了 她 吃

B1 Referring to the past

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "again" in the past with "you" 又 + Verb + 了 迟到
Expressing "always" with "conglai" 从来 + 都 (是) + Predicate 从来 都 是 一个人,已经 习惯了。
Expressing "before" and "after" with "zhiqian" and "zhihou" Event + 之前 / 之后 ,⋯⋯ 出国 之前 ,他 和 女朋友 分手了 。
Expressing "ever since" with "yilai" Time / Event + 以来 ,⋯⋯ 今年 八月 以来 ,这里 一直 没 下 过 雨 。
Expressing duration of inaction Duration + 没 + Verb + 了 已经 一 个 星期 洗澡
Separable verb Verb-Obj. 我们
Sequencing past events with "houlai" ⋯⋯ ,后来 ⋯⋯ 开始 他 不 同意, 但 后来 同意了。
The "shi... de" construction for emphasizing details 是⋯⋯ 的 怎么 来

B2 Referring to the past

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Advanced "le" after an object Verb + Obj. + 了 我 吃 早饭 。
Advanced "le" with complements Subj. + Verb + 了 + Complement 上去 。
Comparing "yihou" and "zhihou" 以后 vs. 之后 我 昨天 吃完 以后 去 了 超市 。之后 我 就 回家 了 。
Expressing "ever since" with "zicong" (自)从⋯⋯ 自从 来 了 上海 , 他 就 习惯 了 繁忙 的 生活 。
Expressing "once" with "cengjing" Subj. + 曾经 + Verb + 过 (+ Obj.) 他 说 他 曾经 很多 傻事 。
Expressing "since the beginning" with "yixiang" 一向 + Verb 他 做 事情 一向 踏实 。

C1 Referring to the past

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "always previously" with "xianglai" Subject + 向来(都) + Verb/Verb Phrase 向来 努力,所以 我 每 一 次 考试 都 获得 满分。
Expressing "as early as" using "zaozai……" 早在 + Time Period, situation 早在