Difference between revisions of "Special cases of "zai" following verbs"

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{{Grammar Box}}  
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{{Grammar Box}}
When used to indicate locations, 在 (zài) is usually placed immediately after the subject. However, there are ''exceptions'' to this rule.
 
  
In some cases, the usual rule for [[Word order|location preceding the verb]] does not apply. Instead, it goes after the verb. This often occurs with particular verbs, including: 住 (zhù), 放 (fàng), 坐 (zuò), 站 (zhàn).
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When used to indicate locations of actions, 在 (zài) is usually placed after the subject and [[Indicating location with "zai" before verbs|before the verb]]. There are certain cases, however, when 在 (zài) goes after the verb.
  
=== Structure ===
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== Structure ==
  
These are verbs that imply movement or location. Technically, the structure is called a [[location complement]], but it can be understood without going into that much detail. Just remember that for verbs implying movement or location like the ones above, the rule changes and you get this structure:
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This pattern is used regularly with special types of verbs, including: 住 (zhù), 放 (fàng), 坐 (zuò), and 站 (zhàn). These are verbs that imply movement or location. Technically, the structure is called a [[location complement]], but it can be understood without going into that much detail. Just remember that for verbs implying ''movement'' or ''location'' like the ones above, the [[Expressing existence in a place with "zai"|default sentence order]] changes and you get this structure:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subj. + Special verb + 在 + Location
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Subj. + [Special Verb] + 在 + Location
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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== Examples ==
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 你 住 <em>在 上海</em> 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhù <em>zài Shànghǎi</em> ma?</span> <span class="trans">Do you live in Shanghai?</span>
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* 你 住 <em>在</em> <strong>上海</strong>吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhù <em>zài</em> <strong>Shànghǎi</strong> ma? </span><span class="trans">Do you live in Shanghai? </span>
* 那 本 书 我 放 <em>在 桌子 上</em> 了。 <span class="pinyin">Nà běn shū wǒ fàng <em>zài zhuōzi shang</em> le.</span> <span class="trans">I placed that book on the table.</span>
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* 他 坐 <em>在</em> <strong>老板 的 旁边</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Tā zuò <em>zài</em> <strong>lǎobǎn de pángbiān</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He sits next to the boss.</span>
* 他 坐 <em>在 老板 的 旁边</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā zuò <em>zài  lǎobǎn de pángbiān</em>.</span> <span class="trans">He sits next to the boss.</span>
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* 你 应该 站 <em>在</em> <strong>我 后面</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi zhàn <em>zài</em> <strong>hòumiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">You should stand behind me.</span>
* 你 应该 站 <em>在 我 后面</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi zhàn <em>zài wǒ hòumian</em>.</span> <span class="trans">You should stand behind me.</span>
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* 不要 <em>在</em><strong>我 的 床 上</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào zuò <em>zài</em> <strong>wǒ de chuáng shàng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Don't sit on my bed.</span>
* 不要 <em>在 上</em >。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào rēng <em>zài dìshang</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Don't throw on the ground.</span>
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* 你 的 衣服 不 可以 放 <em>在</em><strong> 这里</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de yīfu bù kěyǐ fàng <em>zài</em> <strong>zhèlǐ</strong>.</span><span class="trans">You can't put your clothes here.</span>
* 你 的 衣服 应该 放 <em>在 这里</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ de yīfu yīnggāi fàng <em>zài zhèlǐ</em>.</span> <span class="trans">You should put your clothes here.</span>
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* 不要 站 <em>在 </em><strong>路 中间</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào zhàn <em>zài</em><strong> lù zhōngjiān</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Don't stand in the middle of the road.</span>
* 不要 站 <em>在 路 中间</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Bùyào zhàn <em>zài lù zhōngjiān</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Don't stand in the middle of the road.</span>
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* 不要 坐 <em>在 </em><strong>地 上</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào zuò <em>zài</em> <strong>dì shàng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Don't sit on the ground.</span>
* 孩子 总是 喜欢 <em>在 地 上</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Háizi zǒngshì xǐhuan <em>zuò zài dìshang</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Kids always like sitting on the ground.</span>
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* 那 本 书 我 放 <em>在</em><strong> 桌子 上</strong> 了。<span class="pinyin">Nà běn shū wǒ fàng <em>zài</em> <strong>zhuōzi shàng </strong> le.</span><span class="trans">I placed that book on the table.</span>
* 我男朋友 不想 <em>这 家 公司</em> 了。 <span class="pinyin"> bù huì <em>dāi zài zhè jiā gōngsī</em>.</span> <span class="trans">He won't stay in this company.</span>
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* 不要 <em>在 </em><strong>草地 上</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Búyào zǒu <em>zài</em><strong> cǎodì shàng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Don't walk on the grass.</span>
* 不要 <em>在 草地 上</em>。<span class="pinyin">Búyào <em>zǒu zài cǎodìshang</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Don't walk on the grass.</span>
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* 周末 我 不 想 待 <em>在</em> <strong>家 里</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Zhōumò wǒ bù xiǎng dāi <em>zài</em> <strong>jiā  lǐ</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I don't want to stay at home on weekends.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<ul>
 
<ul>
  <li class="x">我 工作 <strong>在 上海</strong> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ gōngzuò <strong>zài Shànghǎi</strong>.</span> <span class="trans">I work located in Shanghai. (incorrect)</span></li>
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  <li class="x">我 工作 <em>在 </em>上海。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gōngzuò <em>zài</em> Shànghǎi.</span></li>
  <li class="o">我 <strong>在 上海</strong> 工作 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>zài Shànghǎi</strong> gōngzuò.</span> <span class="trans">I work in Shanghai. (correct)</span></li>
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  <li class="o">我 <em>在</em> 上海工作。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zài</em> Shànghǎi gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">I work in Shanghai.</span></li>
  <li class="x">我 学习 <strong>在 图书馆</strong> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xuéxí <strong>zài túshūguǎn</strong>.</span> <span class="trans">I study located in the library. (incorrect)</span></li>
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  <li class="x">我 学习 <em>在</em> 图书馆。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xuéxí <em>zài </em>túshūguǎn.</span></li>
  <li class="o">我 <strong>在 图书馆</strong> 学习 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>zài túshūguǎn</strong> xuéxí.</span> <span class="trans">I study in the library. (correct)</span></li>
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  <li class="o">我 <em>在</em> 图书馆 学习。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zài </em>túshūguǎn xuéxí.</span><span class="trans">I study in the library.</span></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
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== See Also ==
  
* [[Expressing existence in a place]]
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* [[Expressing existence in a place with "zai"]]
* [[Using "zai" with verbs]]
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* [[Indicating location with "zai" before verbs]]
* [[Complements with "dao", "gei" and "zai"]]
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* [[Complements with "dao," "gei," and "zai"]]
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== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 104-105) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|104-105}}
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK2}}
 
{{Used for| Expressing location}}
 
{{Used for| Expressing location}}
{{Basic Grammar|在|A2|V + 在 + Place|我 住 <em>在</em> 北京。放 <em>在</em> 这里。|grammar point|ASG90DXK}}
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{{Basic Grammar|在|A2|Verb + 在 + Place|我 住 <em>在</em> 北京。放 <em>在</em> 这里。|grammar point|ASG90DXK}}
{{Similar|Expressing existence in a place}}  
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{{Similar|Expressing existence in a place with "zai"}}  
{{Similar|Using "zai" with verbs}}   
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{{Similar|Indicating location with "zai" before verbs}}   
{{Similar|Complements with "dao", "gei" and "zai"}}
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{{Similar|Complements with "dao," "gei" and "zai"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}

Revision as of 03:52, 16 April 2019

When used to indicate locations of actions, 在 (zài) is usually placed after the subject and before the verb. There are certain cases, however, when 在 (zài) goes after the verb.

Structure

This pattern is used regularly with special types of verbs, including: 住 (zhù), 放 (fàng), 坐 (zuò), and 站 (zhàn). These are verbs that imply movement or location. Technically, the structure is called a location complement, but it can be understood without going into that much detail. Just remember that for verbs implying movement or location like the ones above, the default sentence order changes and you get this structure:

Subj. + [Special Verb] + 在 + Location

Examples

  • 你 住 上海吗?Nǐ zhù zài Shànghǎi ma? Do you live in Shanghai?
  • 他 坐 老板 的 旁边Tā zuò zài lǎobǎn de pángbiān.He sits next to the boss.
  • 你 应该 站 我 后面Nǐ yīnggāi zhàn zài wǒ hòumiàn.You should stand behind me.
  • 不要 坐 我 的 床 上Bùyào zuò zài wǒ de chuáng shàng.Don't sit on my bed.
  • 你 的 衣服 不 可以 放 这里Nǐ de yīfu bù kěyǐ fàng zài zhèlǐ.You can't put your clothes here.
  • 不要 站 路 中间Bùyào zhàn zài lù zhōngjiān.Don't stand in the middle of the road.
  • 不要 坐 地 上Bùyào zuò zài dì shàng.Don't sit on the ground.
  • 那 本 书 我 放 桌子 上 了。Nà běn shū wǒ fàng zài zhuōzi shàng le.I placed that book on the table.
  • 不要 走 草地 上Búyào zǒu zài cǎodì shàng.Don't walk on the grass.
  • 周末 我 不 想 待 家 里Zhōumò wǒ bù xiǎng dāi zài jiā lǐ.I don't want to stay at home on weekends.

Remember that this is an exception to the normal rule. A common mistake is to over apply this and produce incorrect sentences. Note the incorrect and correct versions below.

  • 我 工作 上海。Wǒ gōngzuò zài Shànghǎi.
  • 上海工作。zài Shànghǎi gōngzuò.I work in Shanghai.
  • 我 学习 图书馆。Wǒ xuéxí zài túshūguǎn.
  • 图书馆 学习。zài túshūguǎn xuéxí.I study in the library.

See Also

Sources and further reading

Books