Difference between revisions of "Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect"

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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因为⋯⋯,而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.
因为⋯⋯,而⋯⋯(yīnwèi...ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect. It is used like this:
 
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
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</div>
 
</div>
  
Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that shorter and more succinct.
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Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.
  
 
== Examples ==
 
== Examples ==
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 我 <em>因为</em> 生病 <em>而</em> 请假。<span class="trans">Because I got sick, I asked for time off.</span>
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* 我 <em>因为</em> 生病 <em>而</em> 请假。<span class="pinyin>Wǒ <em>yīnwèi</em> shēngbìng <em>ér</em> qǐngjià.</span><span class="trans">Because I got sick, I asked for time off.</span>
* 欧洲 的 经济 <em>因为</em> 债务 危机 <em>而</em> 陷入 衰退。<span class="trans">Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.</span>
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* 欧洲 的 经济 <em>因为</em> 债务 危机 <em>而</em> 陷入 衰退。<span class="pinyin>Ōuzhōu de jīngjì <em>yīnwèi</em> zhàiwù wéijī <em>ér</em> xiànrù shuāituì.</span><span class="trans">Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.</span>
* 首相 <em>因为</em> 受贿 丑闻 <em>而</em> 下 了 台。<span class="trans">Because the prime minister accepted bribes, he fell from power.</span>
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* 外婆 只是 <em>因为</em> 孩子 顽皮 <em>而</em> 想 吓唬 他 一下 。<span class="pinyin">Wàipó zhǐshì <em>yīnwèi</em> háizi wánpí <em>ér</em> xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià.</span><span class="trans">Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.</span>
* 伦敦 地铁 <em>因</em> 罢工 <em>而</em> 处于 瘫痪 状态。<span class="trans">Because of the London Metro strike, everything shut down.</span>
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* 男 女朋友 之间 经常 <em>因为</em> 吃醋 <em>而</em> 吵架 。<span class="pinyin">Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng <em>yīnwèi</em> chīcù <em>ér</em> chǎojià.</span><span class="trans">Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.</span>
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* 首相 <em>因为</em> 受贿 丑闻 <em>而</em> 下 了 台。<span class="pinyin>Shǒuxiàng <em>yīnwèi</em> shòuhuì chǒuwén <em>ér</em> xià le tái.</span><span class="trans">Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.</span>
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* 伦敦 地铁 <em>因</em> 罢工 <em>而</em> 处于 瘫痪 状态。<span class="pinyin>Lúndūn dìtiě <em>yīn</em> bàgōng <em>ér</em> chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài.</span><span class="trans">Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.</span>
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* 妈妈 <em>因</em> 小朋友 的 陪伴, <em>而</em> 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。<span class="pinyin">Māma <em>yīn</em> xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, <em>ér</em> wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài.</span><span class="trans">Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.</span>
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* 他 <em>因为</em> 熬夜 <em>而</em> 精神 不 能 集中。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yīnwéi</em> áoyè <em>ér</em> jīngshén bù néng jízhōng.</span><span class="trans">He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.</span>
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* 这 家 餐厅 <em>因</em> 火锅 <em>而</em> 出名。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiā cāntīng <em>yīn</em> huǒguō <em>ér</em> chūmíng.</span><span class="trans">This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.</span>
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* 生活 <em>因</em> 你 <em>而</em> 精彩。<span class="pinyin">Shēnghuó <em>yīn</em> nǐ <em>ér</em> jīngcǎi.</span><span class="trans">Life is wonderful because of you.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)]] (pp. 92)  [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561914083/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561914083 →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5)|92}}
  
===Websites===
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=== Websites ===
  
 
* Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html Usage of 而]
 
* Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html Usage of 而]
  
[[Category: B2 grammar points]]
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[[Category: C1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|因为|B2|因为⋯⋯,而⋯⋯|饭店 <em>因为</em> 物价 上涨 <em>而</em> 涨价 。|grammar point|ASGL1V0A}}
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{{Basic Grammar|因为|C1|因为⋯⋯ ,而⋯⋯|饭店 <em>因为</em> 物价 上涨 <em>而</em> 涨价 。|grammar point|ASGL1V0A}}
 
{{Rel char|而}}
 
{{Rel char|而}}
 
{{Similar|Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"}}
 
{{Similar|Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"}}
{{Similar|Explaining results with "suoyi"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "as a result" with "jieguo"}}
 
{{Similar|"Since" with "jiran"}}   
 
{{Similar|"Since" with "jiran"}}   
 
{{Used for|Indicating cause and effect}}
 
{{Used for|Indicating cause and effect}}

Latest revision as of 10:10, 23 December 2020

因为⋯⋯,而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.

Structure

Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result

Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.

Examples

  • 因为 生病 请假。yīnwèi shēngbìng ér qǐngjià.Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
  • 欧洲 的 经济 因为 债务 危机 陷入 衰退。Ōuzhōu de jīngjì yīnwèi zhàiwù wéijī ér xiànrù shuāituì.Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
  • 外婆 只是 因为 孩子 顽皮 想 吓唬 他 一下 。Wàipó zhǐshì yīnwèi háizi wánpí ér xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià.Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
  • 男 女朋友 之间 经常 因为 吃醋 吵架 。Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng yīnwèi chīcù ér chǎojià.Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
  • 首相 因为 受贿 丑闻 下 了 台。Shǒuxiàng yīnwèi shòuhuì chǒuwén ér xià le tái.Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
  • 伦敦 地铁 罢工 处于 瘫痪 状态。Lúndūn dìtiě yīn bàgōng ér chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài.Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
  • 妈妈 小朋友 的 陪伴, 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。Māma yīn xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, ér wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài.Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
  • 因为 熬夜 精神 不 能 集中。yīnwéi áoyè ér jīngshén bù néng jízhōng.He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
  • 这 家 餐厅 火锅 出名。Zhè jiā cāntīng yīn huǒguō ér chūmíng.This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
  • 生活 精彩。Shēnghuó yīnér jīngcǎi.Life is wonderful because of you.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

HSK6