Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect

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因为⋯⋯,而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.

Structure

Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result

Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.

Examples

  • 因为 生病 请假。yīnwèi shēngbìng ér qǐngjià.Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
  • 欧洲 的 经济 因为 债务 危机 陷入 衰退。Ōuzhōu de jīngjì yīnwèi zhàiwù wéijī ér xiànrù shuāituì.Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
  • 首相 因为 受贿 丑闻 下 了 台。Shǒuxiàng yīnwèi shòuhuì chǒuwén ér xiàle tái.Because the prime minister accepted bribes, he fell from power.
  • 伦敦 地铁 罢工 处于 瘫痪 状态。Lúndūn Dìtiě yīn bàgōng ér chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài.Because of the London Metro strike, everything shut down.
  • 妈妈 小朋友的陪伴, 忘记 了 生活的 不愉快。Māma yīn xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, ér wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài.Mom forgets the unpleasantness of life because of her child's company.
  • 因为 熬夜 精神 不能 集中。yīnwéi áoyè ér jīngshén bù néng jízhōng.He could not concentrate because he stayed up late.
  • 大地 火山 爆发 引发 地震。Dàdì yīn huǒshān bàofā ér yǐnfā dìzhèn.Earthquakes are caused by volcanic eruptions.
  • 这 家 餐厅 火锅 出名。Zhè jiā cāntīng yīn huǒguō ér chūmíng.This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
  • 生活 精彩。Shēnghuó yīnér jīngcǎi.Life is wonderful because of you.
  • 因为 朋友 让 我 明白 了 朋友 的 重要。 Yīnwéi péngyou ér ràng wǒ míngbai le péngyou de zhòngyào.I realized the importance of friends because of them.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

HSK5