Difference between revisions of "Using "lai" as a dummy verb"

 
(18 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
The verb 来 (lái) can be used as a "dummy verb," similar to the way "do" is used in English.
+
The verb 来 (lái) can be used as a "dummy verb," similar to the way "do" is used in English. To illustrate the point, imagine a bottle of pickles that you want to open but can't because the lid is so tight. You start passing it around to see who can open it, and no one is able to, until your beefy friend comes in and says, "我来!" He is saying, "Let me do it!"
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
  
The structure for using 来 as a dummy verb is very basic. Usually it is a very short phrase, kind of like "your turn!," "let me give it a shot!," or "you do it!" in English. Usually it is used with 你 or 我 as the subject, and it ends with the 来. Sometimes it can end with a 吧.
+
The structure for using 来 as a dummy verb is very basic. Usually it is a very short phrase, kind of like "your turn!" or "let me give it a shot!" or "you do it!" in English. Usually it is used with 你 or 我 as the subject, and it ends with the 来. Sometimes it can end with a 吧.
 
 
A scenario: Imagine you are with your some friends making dinner. There is a bottle of Chinese pickles that you want to open, but can't because the lid is so tight. You start passing it around to see who can open it, and no one is able to, until your body-builder friend comes in and says, "我来!" He is saying, "Let me do it!"
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Line 13: Line 11:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
The point of calling 来 a "dummy verb" is that it does't have the original meaning of "to come." It just takes the place of whatever the verb would be in the context.
(让 +) Subj. + 来 + Verb
 
</div>
 
  
 
== Examples ==
 
== Examples ==
Line 21: Line 17:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*你 <em>来</em> !<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">You do it!</span>
+
*你 <em>来</em> !<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>lái</em>!</span><span class="trans">You do it!</span>
 
*我 <em>来</em> 吧。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">Let me do it.</span>
 
*我 <em>来</em> 吧。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">Let me do it.</span>
 
*让 他 自己 <em>来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Ràng tā zìjǐ <em>lái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Let him do it himself.</span>
 
*让 他 自己 <em>来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Ràng tā zìjǐ <em>lái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Let him do it himself.</span>
*老师 ,我 <em>来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Lāoshī, wǒ <em>lái</em> .</span><span class="trans">Teacher, let me read it.</span>
+
*还是 你们 自己 <em>来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Háishì nǐmen zìjǐ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">It's better that you do it by yourselves.</span>
*我 <em>来</em> 看看 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>lái</em> kànkan.</span><span class="trans">Let me take a look.</span>
 
*我 <em>来</em> 想想 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>lái</em> xiǎngxiang.</span><span class="trans">Let me think about it.</span>
 
*你 <em>来</em> 说 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>lái</em> shuō.</span><span class="trans">You say it.</span>
 
*我 <em>来</em> 抱抱 。<span class="pinyin">Ràng wǒ <em>lái</em> bàobao.</span><span class="trans">Let me hold it.</span>
 
 
*你 写 得 好看 ,你 <em>来</em> 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiě de hǎokàn, nǐ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">You write well. You write it.</span>
 
*你 写 得 好看 ,你 <em>来</em> 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiě de hǎokàn, nǐ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">You write well. You write it.</span>
*如果 你 觉得 我 做饭 不 好吃 ,你 <em>来</em> 做 !<span class="pinyin">Rúguǒ nǐ juéde zuòfàn bù hǎochī, nǐ <em>lái</em> zuò!</span><span class="trans">If you don't think my food is tasty, then you cook!</span>
+
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
A few example dialogs to provide clearer context:
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
<ul class="dialog">
 +
<li><span class="speaker">A:</span>谁 能 读 一 下 这 段 话 ?<span class="pinyin">Shéi néng dú yīxià zhè duàn huà?</span><span class="trans">Who can read this passage?</span></li>
 +
<li><span class="speaker">B:</span>老师 ,我 <em>来</em> <span class="pinyin">Lāoshī, wǒ <em>lái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Teacher, let me read it.</span></li>
 +
</ul>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== See also ==
+
<div class="liju">
 +
<ul class="dialog">
 +
<li><span class="speaker">A:</span>你 怎么 做 得 这么 慢 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zěnme zuò de zhème màn?</span><span class="trans">How come you do it so slowly?</span></li>
 +
<li><span class="speaker">B:</span>你 觉得 我 慢 ?你 <em>来</em> !<span class="pinyin">Nǐ juéde wǒ màn? Nǐ <em>lái</em>!</span><span class="trans">You think I'm slow? You do it!</span></li>
 +
</ul>
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
<ul class="dialog">
 +
<li><span class="speaker">A:</span>这个 箱子 真 重 !<span class="pinyin">Zhège xiāngzi zhēn zhòng!</span><span class="trans">This box is so heavy!</span></li>
 +
<li><span class="speaker">B:</span>我 <em>来</em> 吧 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>lái</em> ba.</span><span class="trans">Let me help.</span></li>
 +
</ul>
 +
</div>
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
  
===Books===
+
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (p. 54) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|54}}
  
 
=== Academic Articles ===
 
=== Academic Articles ===
Line 46: Line 59:
  
 
* 現代漢語中的形式動詞 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/O/O05/O05-5008.pdf Dummy Verbs in Contemporary Chinese]
 
* 現代漢語中的形式動詞 [http://aclweb.org/anthology-new/O/O05/O05-5008.pdf Dummy Verbs in Contemporary Chinese]
 
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|来|B1|来⋯⋯|让 我 <em>来</em> 吧。|grammar point|ASG98FZK}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|来|B1|(让 +) Subj. + 来 |让 我 <em>来</em> 吧。|grammar point|ASG98FZK}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Used for|Addressing people}}
 
{{Used for|Addressing people}}
 
{{Subprop|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Verbs}}
 
{{Translation|do}}
 
{{Translation|do}}

Latest revision as of 17:14, 6 December 2018

Chinese-grammar-wiki-lai.jpg

The verb 来 (lái) can be used as a "dummy verb," similar to the way "do" is used in English. To illustrate the point, imagine a bottle of pickles that you want to open but can't because the lid is so tight. You start passing it around to see who can open it, and no one is able to, until your beefy friend comes in and says, "我来!" He is saying, "Let me do it!"

Structure

The structure for using 来 as a dummy verb is very basic. Usually it is a very short phrase, kind of like "your turn!" or "let me give it a shot!" or "you do it!" in English. Usually it is used with 你 or 我 as the subject, and it ends with the 来. Sometimes it can end with a 吧.

(让 +) Subj. + 来

The point of calling 来 a "dummy verb" is that it does't have the original meaning of "to come." It just takes the place of whatever the verb would be in the context.

Examples

  • lái!You do it!
  • 吧。lái ba.Let me do it.
  • 让 他 自己 Ràng tā zìjǐ lái.Let him do it himself.
  • 还是 你们 自己 吧 。Háishì nǐmen zìjǐ lái ba.It's better that you do it by yourselves.
  • 你 写 得 好看 ,你 吧 。Nǐ xiě de hǎokàn, nǐ lái ba.You write well. You write it.

A few example dialogs to provide clearer context:

  • A:谁 能 读 一 下 这 段 话 ?Shéi néng dú yīxià zhè duàn huà?Who can read this passage?
  • B:老师 ,我 Lāoshī, wǒ lái.Teacher, let me read it.
  • A:你 怎么 做 得 这么 慢 ?Nǐ zěnme zuò de zhème màn?How come you do it so slowly?
  • B:你 觉得 我 慢 ?你 Nǐ juéde wǒ màn? Nǐ lái!You think I'm slow? You do it!
  • A:这个 箱子 真 重 !Zhège xiāngzi zhēn zhòng!This box is so heavy!
  • B: 吧 。 lái ba.Let me help.

Sources and further reading

Books

Academic Articles

HSK4