Difference between revisions of "Verbs preceded by "gei""

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The word 给 (gěi) literally means "to give" but is frequently used in Chinese to indicate the ''target'' of a verb. The target is who or what the verb is aimed or directed at.  
Chinese speakers use 给 (gěi) in some interesting ways, similar to how English speakers use "to give", as in "to give someone a phone call" or "to give someone a reply".
 
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
 
The word 给 (gěi) literally means "to give", but is frequently used in Chinese to indicate the ''target'' of a verb. The target is who or what the verb is aimed or directed at.
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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Subj. + 给 + Target + [Verb Phrase]
Subject + 给 + Target + Verb + Object
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 17: Line 12:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 你 妈妈 每天 都 <em>给</em> <strong>你</strong> 做饭 吗?<span class="trans">Does your mama cook for you every day? (Literally: Your mama everyday gives you cook food?</span>
 
* 我 <em>给</em> <strong>他</strong> 打 电话 了。<span class="trans">I gave him a phone call. (Literally: I give him hit phone.)</span>
 
* 请 <em>给</em> <strong>我</strong> 回复。<span class="trans">Please give me a reply.</span>
 
* 你 需要 我 <em>给</em> <strong>你</strong> 点 菜吗?<span class="trans">Do you need me to give you a little bit of food?</span>
 
* 看 看 我 <em>给</em> <strong>你</strong> 带 了 什么?<span class="trans">Did you give what I brought you a little look?</span>
 
* 我 要 <em>给</em> <strong>他们</strong> 做 一 个 演讲。<span class="trans">I want to give them a speech.</span>
 
* 小时候,爸爸 经常 <em>给</em> <strong>我</strong> 讲 故事。<span class="trans">When I was little, my dad often told me stories</span>
 
* 我 <em>给</em> <strong>我 的 小狗</strong> 做 了 一 件 衣服。<span class="trans">I gave my dog an article of clothing I made.</span>
 
* 今年 这 个 老师 <em>给</em> <strong>我们</strong> 上 课。<span class="trans">This year, this teacher taught our class.</span>
 
* 我 <em>给</em> <strong>我 的 女 朋友</strong> 送 了 一 束 花。<span class="trans">I gave my girlfriend a bouquet.</span>
 
</div>
 
  
You can change the above structure into another structure when referring to""打电话、回邮件、发邮件、送礼物、传文件" and  the meaning won't change.
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*现在 不要 <em>给</em> 他 <strong>打 电话</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài bùyào <em>gěi</em> tā <strong>dǎ diànhuà</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Don't give him a phone call now.</span>
 
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*请 快点 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>回 邮件</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng kuàidiǎn <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>huí yóujiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Please hurry up and reply to my email.</span>
<div class="jiegou">
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*他 说 他 会 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>写 信</strong> 的 。<span class="pinyin">Tā shuō tā huì <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>xiě xìn</strong> de.</span><span class="trans">He said he would write letters to me.</span>
 
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*你 可以 <em>给</em> 大家 <strong>读 一下</strong> 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ kěyǐ <em>gěi</em> dàjiā <strong>dú yīxià</strong> ma?</span><span class="trans">Could you please read it for everybody?</span>
Subject + Verb + Object + + Target
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*我 <em>给</em> 你 <strong>发 短信</strong> 了 ,你 怎么 不 回 ?<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>gěi</em> nǐ <strong>fā duǎnxìn</strong> le. Nǐ zěnme bù huí?</span><span class="trans">I sent you a text. Why didn't you reply?</span>
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*她 的 粉丝 常常 <em>给</em> 她 <strong>寄 礼物</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de fěnsī chángcháng <em>gěi</em> tā <strong>jì lǐwù</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Her fans often send her gifts.</span>
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*小 时候 ,妈妈 每天 都 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>讲 故事</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎo shíhou, māma měi tiān dōu <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>jiǎng gùshi</strong>.</span><span class="trans">When I was young, my mother would tell me stories every day.</span>
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*爸爸 应该 <em>给</em> 儿子 <strong>道歉</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Bàba yīnggāi <em>gěi</em> érzi <strong>dàoqiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The father should apologize to his son.</span>
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*谁 能 <em>给</em> 我 <strong>解释 一下</strong> ?<span class="pinyin">Shéi néng <em>gěi</em> wǒ <strong>jiěshì yīxià</strong>?</span><span class="trans">Who can explain this to me?</span>
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*老板 让 我 明天 <em></em> 客户 <strong>介绍 我们 的 新 产品</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn ràng wǒ míngtiān <em>gěi</em> kèhù <strong>jièshào wǒmen de xīn chǎnpǐn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My boss asked to present our new product to the client tomorrow.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Here are examples:
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Chinese speakers use 给 in some interesting ways, similar to how English speakers use "to give," as in "to give someone a phone call" or "to give someone a reply."
  
<div class="liju">
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== Alternative Structure ==
* 你 打 电话 <em>给</em> <strong>他</strong>。<span class="trans">You give him a phone call. (Literally: You hit phone give he.)</span>
 
* 我 会 发 邮件<em>给</em> <strong>他</strong>。<span class="trans">I will send him an email.</span>
 
* 他 昨天 送 花 <em>给</em> <strong>我</strong> 了。<span class="trans">You sent me flowers yesterday.</span>
 
* 你 妈妈 每天 都 <em>给</em> <strong>你</strong> 做饭 吗?<span class="trans">Does your mama cook for you every day? (Literally: Your mama everyday gives you cook food?</span>
 
* 看 看 我 带 了 什么 <em>给</em> <strong>你</strong> ?<span class="trans">Did you look a little bit at what I brought you?</span>
 
* 我 要 做 一 个 演讲 <em>给</em> <strong>他们</strong> 。<span class="trans">I want to write a speech to give them.</span>
 
* 我 做 了 一 件 衣服 <em>给</em> <strong>我 的 小狗</strong> 。<span class="trans">I made clothes to give my small dog.</span>
 
* 你 会 送 花 <em>给</em> <strong>我</strong> 吗?<span class="trans">Can you give me a bouquet?</span>
 
  
But the following expressions sounds weird:
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Although the structure above is the best one to learn first, some verbs frequently use 给 but have the 给 coming after the verb, rather than before. It's best to think of these as exceptions to the rule above, and you can learn more about these exceptions by reading about [[verbs followed by "gei"]].
  
<ul>
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== See also ==
<li class="x">今年 这 个 老师 上 课 <em>给</em> <strong>我们</strong> 。 <span class="trans">This year, this teacher attended class to give us.</span></li>
 
<li class="x">你 需要 我 点 菜 <em>给</em> <strong>你</strong> 吗? <span class="trans">Do you have to a little food give me?</span></li>
 
<li class="x">请 回复 <em>给</em> <strong>我</strong> 。<span class="trans">Please reply give me.</span></li>
 
<li class="x">小时候,爸爸 经常 讲 故事 <em>给</em> <strong>我</strong> 。<span class="trans">When I was young, my father often told stories gave me.
 
</span></li>
 
</ul>
 
</div>
 
  
==See also==
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*[[Verbs followed by "gei"]]
 +
*[[Expressing "for" with "gei"]]
 
*[[Expressing "with" with "gen"]]
 
*[[Expressing "with" with "gen"]]
*[[Using "dui"]]
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*[[Using "dui" with verbs]]
*[[Complements with "dao", "gei" and "zai"]]
 
  
== Sources and Further Reading ==
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== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 170) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|170}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 154) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|154}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (pp. 143) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)|143}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)]] (pp. 165) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561926235/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7561926235 →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)|165}}
 
 
=== Websites ===
 
* Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/structure/gei3-directly-after-verb/ When 给 (gěi) comes directly after verbs in Mandarin Chinese (verb-给 compounds)]
 
  
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
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[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|给|A2|给…… + V / V + 给……|打电话 <em>给</em> 她。我 <em>给</em> 你 打电话。|grammar point|ASG3ORNN}}
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
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{{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj. + 给 + Target + Verb + Obj.|现在 不要 <em>给</em> 他 打 电话 。|grammar point|ASG3ORNN}}
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{{Similar|Verbs followed by "gei"}} 
 
{{Similar|Expressing "with" with "gen"}}   
 
{{Similar|Expressing "with" with "gen"}}   
{{Similar|Using "dui"}}
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{{Similar|Using "dui" with verbs}}
{{Similar|Complements with "dao", "gei" and "zai"}}
 
 
{{Similar|Verbs that take double objects}}
 
{{Similar|Verbs that take double objects}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}
 
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}
 
{{Translation|give}}
 
{{Translation|give}}
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{{Translation|to}}
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{{Translation|for}}

Latest revision as of 08:54, 21 April 2021

The word 给 (gěi) literally means "to give" but is frequently used in Chinese to indicate the target of a verb. The target is who or what the verb is aimed or directed at.

Structure

Subj. + 给 + Target + [Verb Phrase]

Examples

  • 现在 不要 打 电话Xiànzài bùyào gěidǎ diànhuà.Don't give him a phone call now.
  • 请 快点 回 邮件Qǐng kuàidiǎn gěihuí yóujiàn.Please hurry up and reply to my email.
  • 他 说 他 会 写 信 的 。Tā shuō tā huì gěixiě xìn de.He said he would write letters to me.
  • 你 可以 大家 读 一下 吗 ?Nǐ kěyǐ gěi dàjiā dú yīxià ma?Could you please read it for everybody?
  • 发 短信 了 ,你 怎么 不 回 ?gěifā duǎnxìn le. Nǐ zěnme bù huí?I sent you a text. Why didn't you reply?
  • 她 的 粉丝 常常 寄 礼物Tā de fěnsī chángcháng gěijì lǐwù.Her fans often send her gifts.
  • 小 时候 ,妈妈 每天 都 讲 故事Xiǎo shíhou, māma měi tiān dōu gěijiǎng gùshi.When I was young, my mother would tell me stories every day.
  • 爸爸 应该 儿子 道歉Bàba yīnggāi gěi érzi dàoqiàn.The father should apologize to his son.
  • 谁 能 解释 一下Shéi néng gěijiěshì yīxià?Who can explain this to me?
  • 老板 让 我 明天 客户 介绍 我们 的 新 产品Lǎobǎn ràng wǒ míngtiān gěi kèhù jièshào wǒmen de xīn chǎnpǐn.My boss asked to present our new product to the client tomorrow.

Chinese speakers use 给 in some interesting ways, similar to how English speakers use "to give," as in "to give someone a phone call" or "to give someone a reply."

Alternative Structure

Although the structure above is the best one to learn first, some verbs frequently use 给 but have the 给 coming after the verb, rather than before. It's best to think of these as exceptions to the rule above, and you can learn more about these exceptions by reading about verbs followed by "gei".

See also

Sources and further reading

Books