Difference between revisions of "Accent"

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{{AKA|口音 (kǒuyīn)}}
 
{{AKA|口音 (kǒuyīn)}}
 +
{{Pronunciation Box}}
  
Even if a Chinese speaker is speaking [[standard Mandarin]], certain pronunciation choices will result in some kind of '''accent'''.  
+
Even if a Chinese speaker is speaking [[standard Chinese]], certain pronunciation habits and/or word use choices will result in some kind of identifiable '''accent'''.  
  
 
== Accent Features ==
 
== Accent Features ==
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Examples of accent features include:
 
Examples of accent features include:
  
* presence or absence of [[er-hua]]
+
* presence or absence of [[erhua]]
* prominence of the final "-ng" consonant
+
* prominence or lack of the final "[[-ng]]" consonant sound
* word choice (e.g. 花菜 (huācài) vs. 菜花 (càihuā), 轻轨 (qingguǐ) vs. 捷运 (jiéyùn), etc.)
+
* word choice (e.g. 哪里 (nǎli) vs. 哪儿 (nǎr), 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà) vs. 国语 (guóyǔ), etc.)
 
* use of modal particles (啊 (a), 呗 (bei), 啦 (la), 哦 (o), etc.)
 
* use of modal particles (啊 (a), 呗 (bei), 啦 (la), 哦 (o), etc.)
 +
* Sentence intonation patterns
  
Having an accent does not necessarily mean a speaker's Mandarin is not "standard"; it means that the speaker's Mandarin has been influenced by the region where the speaker comes from (which is true of pretty much everyone's Mandarin).  
+
Having an accent does not necessarily mean a speaker's Mandarin is not "standard"; it means that the speaker's Mandarin has been influenced by the region where the speaker comes from (which is true of pretty much everyone's Mandarin).
  
 
== Strong Accents ==
 
== Strong Accents ==
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* weird [[tones]]
 
* weird [[tones]]
* sound substitutions (e.g. "-n" for "-ng," etc.)
+
* sound substitutions (e.g. "[[-n]]" for "[[-ng]]," etc.)
 
* difficult to understand word choice (because the speaker doesn't realize that a word or expression he is using is not widely understood outside of his region)
 
* difficult to understand word choice (because the speaker doesn't realize that a word or expression he is using is not widely understood outside of his region)
 
* strange grammar
 
* strange grammar
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=== Northern Mandarin ===
 
=== Northern Mandarin ===
  
* Extensive use of [er-hua]
+
* Extensive use of [[erhua]]
* Pronounced syllable-final "-ng"
+
* Pronounced syllable-final "[[-ng]]"
* Lack of social stigma (because Beijing is the cultural center of mainland China)
 
  
 
=== Dongbei Mandarin ===
 
=== Dongbei Mandarin ===
  
* Extensive use of [er-hua]
+
* Moderate use of [[erhua]]
* Pronounced syllable-final "-ng"
+
* Pronounced syllable-final "[[-ng]]"
* Non-standard tones
+
* Non-standard [[tones]]
 
 
=== Shandong Mandarin ===
 
 
 
* Non-standard tones
 
  
 
=== Southern Mandarin ===
 
=== Southern Mandarin ===
  
* Syllable-final "-ng" sounds often pronounced as "-n"
+
* Syllable-final "[[-ng]]" sounds often pronounced as "[[-n]]"
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 
* Relative lack of [[er-hua]]
 
 
 
=== Sichuan Mandarin ===
 
 
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 
* Relative lack of [[er-hua]]
 
 
 
=== Hunan Mandarin ===
 
 
 
* Syllable-final "-ng" sounds often pronounced as "-n"
 
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 +
* Relative lack of [[erhua]]
  
 
=== Fujian Mandarin ===
 
=== Fujian Mandarin ===
  
* Syllable-final "-ng" sounds often pronounced as "-n"
+
* Syllable-final "[[-ng]]" sounds often pronounced as "[[-n]]"
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 
* Initial [[n-]] pronounced as [[l-]]
 
* Initial [[n-]] pronounced as [[l-]]
* Relative lack of [[er-hua]]
+
* Initial [[h-]] pronounced as [[f-]]
 +
* Relative lack of [[erhua]]
  
 
=== Taiwanese Mandarin ===
 
=== Taiwanese Mandarin ===
  
* Syllable-final "-ng" sounds often pronounced as "-n"
+
* Syllable-final "[[-ng]]" sounds often pronounced as "[[-n]]"
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
 
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
* Relative lack of [[er-hua]]
+
* Relative lack of [[erhua]]
 
* Relative lack of [[neutral tone]]
 
* Relative lack of [[neutral tone]]
  
=== Guangdong/Hong Kong Mandarin ===
+
== Accent Chart ==
  
* Initials [[zh-]], [[ch-]], [[sh-]] pronounced as [[z-]], [[c-]], [[s-]]
+
This is the same information given above, presented in tabular form. The "+" indicates abundance of a feature, whereas "-" indicates a relative lack of a feature.
* Relative lack of [[er-hua]]
+
 
 +
<table class="accents">
 +
<tr>
 +
<th style="text-align: left">Region</th>
 +
<th>[[erhua]]</th>
 +
<th>[[-ng]]</th>
 +
<th>[[zh-]]/[[ch-]]/[[sh-]]</th>
 +
<th>[[n-]] vs. [[l-]]</th>
 +
<th>[[h-]] vs. [[f-]]</th>
 +
<th>[[neutral tone]]</th>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Northern</td>
 +
<td class="plus">+</td>
 +
<td class="plus">+</td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td class="plus">+</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Dongbei</td>
 +
<td class="plus">+</td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td class="plus">+</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Southern</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Fujian</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
<td>Taiwan</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td></td>
 +
<td class="minus">-</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
  
== See also ==
+
== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese Varieties of Chinese]
 
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varieties_of_Chinese Varieties of Chinese]
 +
* Sinosplice: [http://www.sinosplice.com/life/archives/2007/05/25/on-accents-and-perceived-fluency On Accents and Perceived Fluency]
 +
 +
[[Category:Pinyin]]
 +
{{Basic Pronunciation|B1|30|China is a fascinating land full of variety. That includes all kinds of different accents!|other|ASP00019}}
 +
{{Related|Pinyin quick start guide}}

Revision as of 09:26, 24 March 2015

Also known as: 口音 (kǒuyīn).

Even if a Chinese speaker is speaking standard Chinese, certain pronunciation habits and/or word use choices will result in some kind of identifiable accent.

Accent Features

Examples of accent features include:

  • presence or absence of erhua
  • prominence or lack of the final "-ng" consonant sound
  • word choice (e.g. 哪里 (nǎli) vs. 哪儿 (nǎr), 普通话 (Pǔtōnghuà) vs. 国语 (guóyǔ), etc.)
  • use of modal particles (啊 (a), 呗 (bei), 啦 (la), 哦 (o), etc.)
  • Sentence intonation patterns

Having an accent does not necessarily mean a speaker's Mandarin is not "standard"; it means that the speaker's Mandarin has been influenced by the region where the speaker comes from (which is true of pretty much everyone's Mandarin).

Strong Accents

That said, there is such thing as a "strong accent" in Mandarin, which typically means "non-standard." Some features of strong accents include:

  • weird tones
  • sound substitutions (e.g. "-n" for "-ng," etc.)
  • difficult to understand word choice (because the speaker doesn't realize that a word or expression he is using is not widely understood outside of his region)
  • strange grammar

Certain accents have well-known features, and advanced learners of Mandarin Chinese can learn these features to improve communication with speakers of non-standard Mandarin.

Northern Mandarin

  • Extensive use of erhua
  • Pronounced syllable-final "-ng"

Dongbei Mandarin

  • Moderate use of erhua
  • Pronounced syllable-final "-ng"
  • Non-standard tones

Southern Mandarin

Fujian Mandarin

  • Syllable-final "-ng" sounds often pronounced as "-n"
  • Initials zh-, ch-, sh- pronounced as z-, c-, s-
  • Initial n- pronounced as l-
  • Initial h- pronounced as f-
  • Relative lack of erhua

Taiwanese Mandarin

Accent Chart

This is the same information given above, presented in tabular form. The "+" indicates abundance of a feature, whereas "-" indicates a relative lack of a feature.

Region erhua -ng zh-/ch-/sh- n- vs. l- h- vs. f- neutral tone
Northern + + +
Dongbei + +
Southern - - -
Fujian - - - - -
Taiwan - - - -

Sources and further reading