Difference between revisions of "Comparing "deng" and "dengdeng""

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等 (děng) and 等等 (děngděng) both mean “and so on” or “etc.” Both can be used in formal and in informal contexts. While they can often be used interchangeably, both have distinct uses.
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等 (děng) and 等等 (děngděng) both mean “and so on” or “etc.” Both can be used in formal and in informal contexts. While they can often be used interchangeably, only 等 comes before nouns.
  
 
{{SimilarWordsCol1|等|děng|and so on, etc.|auxiliary|flexible}}
 
{{SimilarWordsCol1|等|děng|and so on, etc.|auxiliary|flexible}}
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== Both 等 and 等等 be used at the end of a sentence ==
 
== Both 等 and 等等 be used at the end of a sentence ==
  
They both mean "et cetera" or "and so on" in this usage. Either one is fine.
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They both mean "et cetera" or "and so on" in this usage. Either one is fine. Aside from the end of a sentence, it's also OK to use both before a mid-sentence comma.
  
 
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* 我 姐姐 给 她的 孩子 报 了 很多 兴趣班,比如 说 书法班、美术班、舞蹈班、音乐班 <em>等等</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiějie gěi tā de háizi bào le hěn duō Xīngqùbān, bǐrú shuō shūfǎ bān, měishù bān, wǔdǎo bān, yīnyuè bān, <em> děngděng </em>.</span><span class="trans">My sister has enrolled her children in many interest classes, such as calligraphy, art, dance, music, and so on.</span>
 
* 我 姐姐 给 她的 孩子 报 了 很多 兴趣班,比如 说 书法班、美术班、舞蹈班、音乐班 <em>等等</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ jiějie gěi tā de háizi bào le hěn duō Xīngqùbān, bǐrú shuō shūfǎ bān, měishù bān, wǔdǎo bān, yīnyuè bān, <em> děngděng </em>.</span><span class="trans">My sister has enrolled her children in many interest classes, such as calligraphy, art, dance, music, and so on.</span>
 
* 我们 公司的 优势 是 什么?我们 有 政府的 支持,我们 有 不加班的 文化,我们 有 有趣的 同事,<em>等等</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de yōushì shì shénme? wǒmen yǒu zhèngfǔ de zhīchí, wǒmen yǒu bù jiābān de wénhuà, wǒmen yǒu yǒuqù de tóngshì, <em> děngděng </em>.</span><span class="trans">What are the advantages of our company? We have the support of the government, we have a culture of no overtime, we have interesting colleagues, and so on.</span>
 
* 我们 公司的 优势 是 什么?我们 有 政府的 支持,我们 有 不加班的 文化,我们 有 有趣的 同事,<em>等等</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de yōushì shì shénme? wǒmen yǒu zhèngfǔ de zhīchí, wǒmen yǒu bù jiābān de wénhuà, wǒmen yǒu yǒuqù de tóngshì, <em> děngděng </em>.</span><span class="trans">What are the advantages of our company? We have the support of the government, we have a culture of no overtime, we have interesting colleagues, and so on.</span>
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* 饺子 、 包子 、 面 <em>等</em> , 我 都 喜欢 吃。 <span class="pinyin">Jiǎozi, bāozi, miàn <em> děng </em>, wǒ dōu xǐhuan chī.</span><span class="trans">I like to eat dumplings, dumplings, noodles, etc.</span>
 
* 这个 房子 有 很多 东西 : 电视 、 电脑 、 电冰箱 <em>等等</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhège fángzi yǒu hěn duō dōngxi : diànshì, diànnǎo, diànbīngxiāng <em> děngděng </em>.</span><span class="trans">The house has a lot of things: TV, computer, refrigerator and so on.</span>
 
* 这个 房子 有 很多 东西 : 电视 、 电脑 、 电冰箱 <em>等等</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhège fángzi yǒu hěn duō dōngxi : diànshì, diànnǎo, diànbīngxiāng <em> děngděng </em>.</span><span class="trans">The house has a lot of things: TV, computer, refrigerator and so on.</span>
 
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Note on punctuation: a comma sometimes precedes 等等 but not 等.
  
 
== Only 等 can be used in the middle of a sentence ==
 
== Only 等 can be used in the middle of a sentence ==
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* 饺子 、 包子 、 面 <em>等</em> , 我 都 喜欢 吃。 <span class="pinyin">Jiǎozi, bāozi, miàn <em> děng </em>, wǒ dōu xǐhuan chī.</span><span class="trans">I like to eat dumplings, dumplings, noodles, etc.</span>
 
 
* 我 去 过 法国、英国、泰国 <em>等</em> 国家。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ qù guo Fǎguó, Yīngguó, tàiguó <em> děng </em> guójiā.</span><span class="trans">I have been to France, England, Thailand and other countries.</span>
 
* 我 去 过 法国、英国、泰国 <em>等</em> 国家。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ qù guo Fǎguó, Yīngguó, tàiguó <em> děng </em> guójiā.</span><span class="trans">I have been to France, England, Thailand and other countries.</span>
 
* 这个 列车 终点站 是 深圳,我们 会 路过 石家庄、郑州、武汉、长沙 <em>等</em> 地方。 <span class="pinyin">Zhège lièchē zhōngdiǎn zhàn shì Shēnzhèn, wǒmen huì lùguò Shíjiāzhuāng, Zhèngzhōu, Wǔhàn, Chángshā <em> děng </em> dìfang.</span><span class="trans">This train ends in Shenzhen, we will pass through Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha and other places.</span>
 
* 这个 列车 终点站 是 深圳,我们 会 路过 石家庄、郑州、武汉、长沙 <em>等</em> 地方。 <span class="pinyin">Zhège lièchē zhōngdiǎn zhàn shì Shēnzhèn, wǒmen huì lùguò Shíjiāzhuāng, Zhèngzhōu, Wǔhàn, Chángshā <em> děng </em> dìfang.</span><span class="trans">This train ends in Shenzhen, we will pass through Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha and other places.</span>

Revision as of 02:20, 5 May 2022

等 (děng) and 等等 (děngděng) both mean “and so on” or “etc.” Both can be used in formal and in informal contexts. While they can often be used interchangeably, only 等 comes before nouns.











B1HSK4ASV4567
等 (děng) 等等 (děngděng)
Meaning and so on, etc. and so on, etc.
Part of Speech auxiliary auxiliary
Formality flexible flexible


Both 等 and 等等 be used at the end of a sentence

They both mean "et cetera" or "and so on" in this usage. Either one is fine. Aside from the end of a sentence, it's also OK to use both before a mid-sentence comma.

  • 她 喜欢的 运动 有 游泳、跑步、瑜伽 Tā xǐhuan de yùndòng yǒu yóuyǒng, pǎobù, yújiā děng .Her favorite sports are swimming, running, yoga, etc.
  • 这个 动物园 里 有 很 多 野生 动物 , 老虎、狮子等等 。 Zhège dòngwùyuán lǐ yǒu hěn duō yěshēng dòngwù, lǎohǔ, shīzi, děngděng .This zoo has many wild animals, tigers, lions and so on.
  • 明天 我 要 去 骑行, 我 需要 准备 很多 东西 , 比如 说 自行车 , 头盔 和 吃的东西 等等 。 Míngtiān wǒ yào qù qí xíng, wǒ xūyào zhǔnbèi hěn duō dōngxi, bǐrú shuō zìxíngchē, tóukuī hé chī de dōngxī děngděng .Tomorrow I am going for a ride and I need to prepare a lot of things, such as a bike, helmet and food.
  • 他 有 很多 缺点,懒、不 爱 运动、爱 吃 垃圾 食品 Tā yǒu hěn duō quēdiǎn, lǎn, bù ài yùndòng, ài chī lājī shípǐn děng .He has many disadvantages, such as laziness, lack of exercise, and love of junk food.
  • 我 喜欢 看 小说、电影、纪录片等等Wǒ xǐhuan kàn xiǎoshuō, diànyǐng, jìlùpiàn, děngděng .I like to read novels, movies, documentaries, and so on.
  • 我 姐姐 给 她的 孩子 报 了 很多 兴趣班,比如 说 书法班、美术班、舞蹈班、音乐班 等等Wǒ jiějie gěi tā de háizi bào le hěn duō Xīngqùbān, bǐrú shuō shūfǎ bān, měishù bān, wǔdǎo bān, yīnyuè bān, děngděng .My sister has enrolled her children in many interest classes, such as calligraphy, art, dance, music, and so on.
  • 我们 公司的 优势 是 什么?我们 有 政府的 支持,我们 有 不加班的 文化,我们 有 有趣的 同事,等等Wǒmen gōngsī de yōushì shì shénme? wǒmen yǒu zhèngfǔ de zhīchí, wǒmen yǒu bù jiābān de wénhuà, wǒmen yǒu yǒuqù de tóngshì, děngděng .What are the advantages of our company? We have the support of the government, we have a culture of no overtime, we have interesting colleagues, and so on.
  • 饺子 、 包子 、 面  , 我 都 喜欢 吃。 Jiǎozi, bāozi, miàn děng , wǒ dōu xǐhuan chī.I like to eat dumplings, dumplings, noodles, etc.
  • 这个 房子 有 很多 东西 : 电视 、 电脑 、 电冰箱 等等 。 Zhège fángzi yǒu hěn duō dōngxi : diànshì, diànnǎo, diànbīngxiāng děngděng .The house has a lot of things: TV, computer, refrigerator and so on.

Note on punctuation: a comma sometimes precedes 等等 but not 等.

Only 等 can be used in the middle of a sentence

等 can come in the middle of a sentence, either before a comma (where it means "etc.") or before a noun which explains what types of things one is listing.

  • 我 去 过 法国、英国、泰国 国家。 Wǒ qù guo Fǎguó, Yīngguó, tàiguó děng guójiā.I have been to France, England, Thailand and other countries.
  • 这个 列车 终点站 是 深圳,我们 会 路过 石家庄、郑州、武汉、长沙 地方。 Zhège lièchē zhōngdiǎn zhàn shì Shēnzhèn, wǒmen huì lùguò Shíjiāzhuāng, Zhèngzhōu, Wǔhàn, Chángshā děng dìfang.This train ends in Shenzhen, we will pass through Shijiazhuang, Zhengzhou, Wuhan, Changsha and other places.
  • 我们 公司 有 采购部 、 财务 部 、 销售 部 和 人事 部  部门 。 Wǒmen gōngsī yǒu cǎigòubù, cáiwù bù, xiāoshòu bù hé rénshì bù děng bùmén.Our company has a purchasing department, a finance department, a sales department and a personnel department.
  • 联合国 有 汉语、英语、法语、俄语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语 六 种 工作 语言。 Liánhéguó yǒu Hànyǔ, Yīngyǔ, Fǎyǔ, Éyǔ, Xībānyáyǔ, Ālābóyǔ děng liù zhǒng gōngzuò yǔyán.The United Nations has six working languages: Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, and Arabic.

Sources and further reading

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