Difference between revisions of "Tone changes for "bu""

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There are three main tone change rules that every learner needs to know. These rules are not normally reflected in the tone marks of pinyin; ''you just have to know them''.
 
There are three main tone change rules that every learner needs to know. These rules are not normally reflected in the tone marks of pinyin; ''you just have to know them''.
  
−
== Tone Changes for 不 (bù) ==
+
== Tone Change Rule for 不 (bù) ==
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Line 12: Line 12:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
=== Examples ===
+
== Examples of the 4→2 Tone Change ==
  
 
Remember, '''normally you do not write the tone change'''. We're just doing it here to make it extra clear.
 
Remember, '''normally you do not write the tone change'''. We're just doing it here to make it extra clear.
  
−
<div class="liju">
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover">
−
* <em>不</em>是 <span class="pinyin"><em>bú</em> shì</span> <span class="trans">not be</span>
+
<tr>
−
* <em>不</em>对 <span class="pinyin"><em>bú</em> duì</span> <span class="trans">not right</span>
+
        <th width="8%">Audio</th>
−
* <em>不</em>要 <span class="pinyin"><em>bú</em> yào</span> <span class="trans">not want</span>
+
<th width="20%">Chinese</th>
−
* <em>不</em>做 <span class="pinyin"><em>bú</em> zuò</span> <span class="trans">not do</span>
+
<th width="20%">We Write</th>
−
* <em>不</em>去 <span class="pinyin"><em>bú</em> qù</span> <span class="trans">not go</span>
+
<th width="20%">We Say</th>
−
</div>
+
<th width="32%">English</th>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4dui4|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 对</td>
 +
<td>bù duì</td>
 +
<td><em>bú</em> duì</td>
 +
<td>incorrect; wrong</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4yao4|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 要</td>
 +
<td>bù yào</td>
 +
<td><em>bú</em> yào</td>
 +
<td>to not want; do not (do something)</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4zai4|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 在</td>
 +
<td>bù zài</td>
 +
<td><em>bú</em> zài</td>
 +
<td>to not be (in a place)</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4shi4|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 是</td>
 +
<td>bù shì</td>
 +
<td><em>bú</em> shì</td>
 +
<td>to not be</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4qu4|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 去</td>
 +
<td>bù qù</td>
 +
<td><em>bú</em> qù</td>
 +
<td>to not go</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
  
−
=== Exceptions ===
+
== Examples of NO Tone Change ==
  
−
There are no exceptions to this rule. Just remember that it '''only''' applies to the ''character'' 不 (bù), and it's still ''written'' "bù."
+
Remember, 不 (bù) '''only''' changes when followed by a 4th tone. Here are examples when it '''doesn't''' change.
  
−
== Tone Changes for 一 (yī) ==
+
So there is ''no difference'' between what we ''say'' and what we ''write'' (no tone change) in the table below.
  
−
<div class="jiegou">
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered table-hover">
−
When followed by a 4th tone, 一 (yī) changes to 2nd tone (yí).<br />
+
<tr>
−
When followed by any other tone, 一 (yī) changes to 4th tone (yì).
+
        <th width="8%">Audio</th>
−
</div>
+
<th width="20%">Chinese</th>
 +
<th width="20%">We Write</th>
 +
<th width="20%">We Say</th>
 +
<th width="32%">English</th>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4hao3|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 好</td>
 +
<td>bù hǎo</td>
 +
<td>bù hǎo</td>
 +
<td>not good, no good</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4xiang3|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 想</td>
 +
<td>bù xiǎng</td>
 +
<td>bù xiǎng</td>
 +
<td>to not think; to not miss</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4mang2|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 忙</td>
 +
<td>bù máng</td>
 +
<td>bù máng</td>
 +
<td>not busy</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4neng2|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 能</td>
 +
<td>bù néng</td>
 +
<td>bù néng</td>
 +
<td>cannot</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
<tr>
 +
    <td>{{Audio-player|bu4yi1yang4|a2-tone-changes}}</td>
 +
<td>不 一样</td>
 +
<td>bù yīyàng</td>
 +
<td>bù yīyàng</td>
 +
<td>not the same, different</td>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table>
  
−
=== Examples ===
+
== Exceptions ==
  
−
Remember, '''normally you do not write the tone change'''. We're just doing it here to make it extra clear.
+
There are no exceptions to this rule. Just remember that it '''only''' applies to the ''character'' 不 (bù), and it's still ''written'' "bù."
−
 
 
−
<div class="liju">
 
−
* <em>一</em>个 <span class="pinyin"><em>yí</em>gè</span> <span class="trans">one (of something)</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>样 <span class="pinyin"><em>yí</em>yàng</span> <span class="trans">the same</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>起 <span class="pinyin"><em>yì</em>qǐ</span> <span class="trans">together</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>百<span class="pinyin"><em>yì</em>bǎi</span> <span class="trans">one hundred</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>千 <span class="pinyin"><em>yì</em>qiān</span> <span class="trans">one thousand</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>直 <span class="pinyin"><em>yì</em>zhí</span> <span class="trans">straight; all along</span>
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
=== Exceptions ===
 
−
 
 
−
When 一 (yī) appears as a number in a series, larger number, address, or date, it is pronounced without the tone change (regular first tone "yī")
 
−
 
 
−
<div class="liju">
 
−
* <em>一</em> 二 三 四 五<span class="pinyin"><em>yī</em> èr sān sì wǔ</span> <span class="trans">one, two, three, four, five</span>
 
−
* 0.<em>1</em>2<span class="pinyin">líng diǎn <em>yī</em> èr</span> <span class="trans">zero point one two</span>
 
−
* 第 <em>一</em> 个<span class="pinyin">dì <em>yī</em> ge</span> <span class="trans">the first one</span>
 
−
* 一 千 一 百 <em>一</em>十<em>一</em><span class="pinyin">yī qiān yī bǎi <em>yī</em>shí<em>yī</em></span> <span class="trans">one thousand one hundred eleven</span>
 
−
* 20<em>11</em> 年<span class="pinyin">èr líng <em>yī</em> <em>yī</em> nián</span> <span class="trans">the year two thousand eleven</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em> 楼<span class="pinyin"><em>yī</em> lóu</span> <span class="trans">first floor</span>
 
−
* 二 零 <em>一</em> 房间<span class="pinyin">èr líng <em>yī</em> fángjiān</span> <span class="trans">room 201</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>五<em>一</em>十<span class="pinyin">yīwǔyīshí</span> <span class="trans">in full detail [idiom]</span>
 
−
* 周<em>一</em> 到 周五<span class="pinyin">Zhōu<em>yī</em> dào Zhōuwǔ</span> <span class="trans">from Monday to Friday</span>
 
−
* <em>一</em>月 <span class="pinyin"><em>Yī</em>yuè</span> <span class="trans">January</span>
 
−
* 三月 <em>一</em> 号<span class="pinyin">Sānyuè <em>yī</em>hào</span> <span class="trans">March 1st</span>
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
== Tone Changes for Multiple Third Tones ==
 
−
 
 
−
<div class="jiegou">
 
−
When a 3rd tone (such as “yě”) is followed by another 3rd tone in a group, the first 3rd tone changes to a 2nd tone (such as “yé”).
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
=== Examples ===
 
−
 
 
−
Remember, '''normally you do not write the tone change'''. We're just doing it here to make it extra clear.
 
−
 
 
−
<div class="liju">
 
−
* 你好 <span class="pinyin"><em>ní</em>hǎo</span> <span class="trans">hi</span>
 
−
* 很 好 <span class="pinyin"><em>hén</em> hǎo</span> <span class="trans">very good</span>
 
−
* 可以 <span class="pinyin"><em>ké</em>yǐ</span> <span class="trans">can, may</span>
 
−
* 所以 <span class="pinyin"><em>suó</em>yǐ</span> <span class="trans">so, therefore</span>
 
−
* 语法 <span class="pinyin"><em>yú</em>fǎ</span> <span class="trans">grammar</span>
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
=== Exceptions ===
 
−
 
 
−
While not exactly an "exception," sometimes multiple third tones in a row will be broken up by pauses. In this case, the last word/character in each "group" will be pronounced as a third tone. Beginners should not worry about this, as lots of third tones in a row is not super common.
 
  
 
== Why Tone Changes Are Not Written ==
 
== Why Tone Changes Are Not Written ==
Line 99: Line 127:
  
 
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_sandhi#Mandarin_Chinese Tone sandhi: Mandarin Chinese]
 
* Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone_sandhi#Mandarin_Chinese Tone sandhi: Mandarin Chinese]
 +
 +
{{Number in Series|2|Tone change rules}}
  
 
[[Category:Tones]]
 
[[Category:Tones]]
−
{{Basic Pronunciation|A2|20|If you know all 4 tones (plus the neutral tone), then it's time to learn the three big rules about when these tones regularly change.|tone|VVVVV}}
+
{{Basic Pronunciation|A2|20|For example: 不是 (bú shì), 不对 (bú duì), 不要 (bú yào)|tone|ASP2CD69}}
 
{{Related|Four tones}}
 
{{Related|Four tones}}
 
{{Related|Tone pair}}
 
{{Related|Tone pair}}
 +
{{Related|Tone pair 2-4}}

Latest revision as of 09:11, 24 April 2020

Also known as: tone sandhi and 变调规则 (biàndiào guīzé).

There are certain circumstances under which a Chinese word or character's normal tone will regularly change to a specific different tone. These tone changes (also called tone sandhi) must be learned in order to pronounce Chinese correctly.

There are three main tone change rules that every learner needs to know. These rules are not normally reflected in the tone marks of pinyin; you just have to know them.

Tone Change Rule for 不 (bù)

When followed by a 4th tone, 不 (bù) changes to 2nd tone (bú).

Examples of the 4→2 Tone Change

Remember, normally you do not write the tone change. We're just doing it here to make it extra clear.

Audio Chinese We Write We Say English
不 对 bù duì bú duì incorrect; wrong
不 要 bù yào bú yào to not want; do not (do something)
不 在 bù zài bú zài to not be (in a place)
不 是 bù shì bú shì to not be
不 去 bù qù bú qù to not go

Examples of NO Tone Change

Remember, 不 (bù) only changes when followed by a 4th tone. Here are examples when it doesn't change.

So there is no difference between what we say and what we write (no tone change) in the table below.

Audio Chinese We Write We Say English
不 好 bù hǎo bù hǎo not good, no good
不 想 bù xiǎng bù xiǎng to not think; to not miss
不 忙 bù máng bù máng not busy
不 能 bù néng bù néng cannot
不 一样 bù yīyàng bù yīyàng not the same, different

Exceptions

There are no exceptions to this rule. Just remember that it only applies to the character 不 (bù), and it's still written "bù."

Why Tone Changes Are Not Written

Normally the tone changes above are not written in the pinyin; you are supposed to just know the rule and apply it if you say the word(s) aloud. The reason for this is that in many cases if the tone change is written, you will be confused as to what the “normal” tone of a character is actually supposed to be. For example, you might wonder, “is this a third tone written as a second tone because it’s followed by a third tone, or is this character always a second tone?” Always writing the original tones solves this problem. But it also means that you really need to know your tone change rules. Learn them well!

An Alternative Way to Indicate Tone Changes

Some textbooks or software (such as Wenlin) indicate a tone change with a small dot under the letter with the tone mark. This can be nice for beginners, but it is not part of standard pinyin.

Sources and further reading


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