Difference between revisions of "Easy sounds"
Line 2: Line 2:
  
 
Although you cannot take for granted that the letters that make up pinyin sound like they do in English, the good news is that many of them do. So before learning about which pinyin letters make crazy new sounds in Mandarin Chinese, it's a good idea to learn the letters that make more familiar sounds. These are the "easy sounds."
 
Although you cannot take for granted that the letters that make up pinyin sound like they do in English, the good news is that many of them do. So before learning about which pinyin letters make crazy new sounds in Mandarin Chinese, it's a good idea to learn the letters that make more familiar sounds. These are the "easy sounds."
 +
 +
{{#widget: Pinyin chart settings}}
 +
<div class="pinyin-table-audio-container"></div>
 +
<div class="table-container"><table class="pinyin-table medium" id="pinyin-table">
 +
 +
<tr><!--  B- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-bpmf first-col" id="b-"><strong>b-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="ba"><div class="table-pinyin">ba</div><div class="table-link">[[ba]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pa</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="bai"><div class="table-pinyin">bai</div><div class="table-link">[[bai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[paɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="bao"><div class="table-pinyin">bao</div><div class="table-link">[[bao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="ban"><div class="table-pinyin">ban</div><div class="table-link">[[ban]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="bang"><div class="table-pinyin">bang</div><div class="table-link">[[bang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="bei"><div class="table-pinyin">bei</div><div class="table-link">[[bei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[peɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="ben"><div class="table-pinyin">ben</div><div class="table-link">[[ben]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pen</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="beng"><div class="table-pinyin">beng</div><div class="table-link">[[beng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">peng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="bo"><div class="table-pinyin">bo</div><div class="table-link">[[bo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">po</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="bi"><div class="table-pinyin">bi</div><div class="table-link">[[bi]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pi]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pi</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="biao"><div class="table-pinyin">biao</div><div class="table-link">[[biao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pi̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">piao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="bie"><div class="table-pinyin">bie</div><div class="table-link">[[bie]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[piɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="bian"><div class="table-pinyin">bian</div><div class="table-link">[[bian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[piɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="bin"><div class="table-pinyin">bin</div><div class="table-link">[[bin]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pin]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄧㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pin</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="bing"><div class="table-pinyin">bing</div><div class="table-link">[[bing]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[piŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ping</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u" id="bu"><div class="table-pinyin">bu</div><div class="table-link">[[bu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄅㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">pu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-bpmf last-col" id="b-"><strong>b-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  P- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-bpmf first-col" id="p-"><strong>p-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="pa"><div class="table-pinyin">pa</div><div class="table-link">[[pa]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'a</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="pai"><div class="table-pinyin">pai</div><div class="table-link">[[pai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰaɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="pao"><div class="table-pinyin">pao</div><div class="table-link">[[pao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="pan"><div class="table-pinyin">pan</div><div class="table-link">[[pan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰan] </div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'an</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="pang"><div class="table-pinyin">pang</div><div class="table-link">[[pang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="pei"><div class="table-pinyin">pei</div><div class="table-link">[[pei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰeɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="pen"><div class="table-pinyin">pen</div><div class="table-link">[[pen]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'en</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="peng"><div class="table-pinyin">peng</div><div class="table-link">[[peng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'eng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="po"><div class="table-pinyin">po</div><div class="table-link">[[po]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'o</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="pou"><div class="table-pinyin">pou</div><div class="table-link">[[pou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="pi"><div class="table-pinyin">pi</div><div class="table-link">[[pi]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰi]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'i</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="piao"><div class="table-pinyin">piao</div><div class="table-link">[[piao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰi̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'iao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="pie"><div class="table-pinyin">pie</div><div class="table-link">[[pie]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰiɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="pian"><div class="table-pinyin">pian</div><div class="table-link">[[pian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰiɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="min"><div class="table-pinyin">min</div><div class="table-link">[[min]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰin]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄧㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'in</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="ping"><div class="table-pinyin">ping</div><div class="table-link">[[ping]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰiŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'ing</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u" id="pu"><div class="table-pinyin">pu</div><div class="table-link">[[pu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[pʰu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄆㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">p'u</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-bpmf last-col" id="p-"><strong>p-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  M- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-bpmf first-col" id="m-"><strong>m-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="ma"><div class="table-pinyin">ma</div><div class="table-link">[[ma]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ma</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="mai"><div class="table-pinyin">mai</div><div class="table-link">[[mai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[maɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="mao"><div class="table-pinyin">mao</div><div class="table-link">[[mao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="man"><div class="table-pinyin">man</div><div class="table-link">[[man]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[man]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">man</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="mang"><div class="table-pinyin">mang</div><div class="table-link">[[mang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="me"><div class="table-pinyin">me</div><div class="table-link">[[me]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">me</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="mei"><div class="table-pinyin">mei</div><div class="table-link">[[mei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[meɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="men"><div class="table-pinyin">men</div><div class="table-link">[[men]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">men</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="meng"><div class="table-pinyin">meng</div><div class="table-link">[[meng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[məŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">meng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="mo"><div class="table-pinyin">mo</div><div class="table-link">[[mo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mo</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="mou"><div class="table-pinyin">mou</div><div class="table-link">[[mou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="mi"><div class="table-pinyin">mi</div><div class="table-link">[[mi]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mi]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mi</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="miao"><div class="table-pinyin">miao</div><div class="table-link">[[miao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mi̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">miao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="mie"><div class="table-pinyin">mie</div><div class="table-link">[[mie]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[miɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="miu"><div class="table-pinyin">miu</div><div class="table-link">[[miu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mi̯ɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄧㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">miu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="mian"><div class="table-pinyin">mian</div><div class="table-link">[[mian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[miɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i" id="ming"><div class="table-pinyin">ming</div><div class="table-link">[[ming]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[miŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ming</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u" id="mu"><div class="table-pinyin">mu</div><div class="table-link">[[mu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[mu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄇㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">mu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-bpmf last-col" id="m-"><strong>m-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  F- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-bpmf first-col" id="f-"><strong>f-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="fa"><div class="table-pinyin">fa</div><div class="table-link">[[fa]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fa</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="fan"><div class="table-pinyin">fan</div><div class="table-link">[[fan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-a" id="fang"><div class="table-pinyin">fang</div><div class="table-link">[[fang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="fei"><div class="table-pinyin">fei</div><div class="table-link">[[fei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[feɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="fen"><div class="table-pinyin">fen</div><div class="table-link">[[fen]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fen</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e" id="feng"><div class="table-pinyin">feng</div><div class="table-link">[[feng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">feng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="fo"><div class="table-pinyin">fo</div><div class="table-link">[[fo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fo</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o" id="fou"><div class="table-pinyin">fou</div><div class="table-link">[[fou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u" id="fu"><div class="table-pinyin">fu</div><div class="table-link">[[fu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[fu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄈㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">fu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-bpmf col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-bpmf last-col" id="f-"><strong>f-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  D- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-dtnl first-col" id="d-"><strong>d-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="da"><div class="table-pinyin">da</div><div class="table-link">[[da]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ta</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="dai"><div class="table-pinyin">dai</div><div class="table-link">[[dai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[taɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="dao"><div class="table-pinyin">dao</div><div class="table-link">[[dao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="dan"><div class="table-pinyin">dan</div><div class="table-link">[[dan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="dang"><div class="table-pinyin">dang</div><div class="table-link">[[dang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="de"><div class="table-pinyin">de</div><div class="table-link">[[de]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">te</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="dei"><div class="table-pinyin">dei</div><div class="table-link">[[dei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[teɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="den"><div class="table-pinyin">den</div><div class="table-link">[[den]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ten</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="deng"><div class="table-pinyin">deng</div><div class="table-link">[[deng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[təŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">teng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="dou"><div class="table-pinyin">dou</div><div class="table-link">[[dou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="dong"><div class="table-pinyin">dong</div><div class="table-link">[[dong]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʊŋ] </div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="di"><div class="table-pinyin">di</div><div class="table-link">[[di]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ti]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ti</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="diao"><div class="table-pinyin">diao</div><div class="table-link">[[diao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ti̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tiao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="die"><div class="table-pinyin">die</div><div class="table-link">[[die]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tiɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="diu"><div class="table-pinyin">diu</div><div class="table-link">[[diu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ti̯ɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄧㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tiu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="dian"><div class="table-pinyin">dian</div><div class="table-link">[[dian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tiɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="ding"><div class="table-pinyin">ding</div><div class="table-link">[[ding]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tiŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ting</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="du"><div class="table-pinyin">du</div><div class="table-link">[[du]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="dui"><div class="table-pinyin">dui</div><div class="table-link">[[dui]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tu̯eɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄨㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tui</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="duo"><div class="table-pinyin">duo</div><div class="table-link">[[duo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tu̯ɔ] </div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">to</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="duan"><div class="table-pinyin">duan</div><div class="table-link">[[duan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tu̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tuan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="dun"><div class="table-pinyin">dun</div><div class="table-link">[[dun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tu̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄉㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">tun</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-dtnl last-col" id="d-"><strong>d-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  T- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-dtnl first-col" id="t-"><strong>t-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="ta"><div class="table-pinyin">ta</div><div class="table-link">[[ta]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'a</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="tai"><div class="table-pinyin">tai</div><div class="table-link">[[tai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰaɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="tao"><div class="table-pinyin">tao</div><div class="table-link">[[tao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="tan"><div class="table-pinyin">tan</div><div class="table-link">[[tan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'an</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="tang"><div class="table-pinyin">tang</div><div class="table-link">[[tang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="te"><div class="table-pinyin">te</div><div class="table-link">[[te]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'e</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="teng"><div class="table-pinyin">teng</div><div class="table-link">[[teng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'eng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="tou"><div class="table-pinyin">tou</div><div class="table-link">[[tou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="tong"><div class="table-pinyin">tong</div><div class="table-link">[[tong]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="ti"><div class="table-pinyin">ti</div><div class="table-link">[[ti]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰi]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'i</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="tiao"><div class="table-pinyin">tiao</div><div class="table-link">[[tiao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰi̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'iao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="tie"><div class="table-pinyin">tie</div><div class="table-link">[[tie]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰiɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="tian"><div class="table-pinyin">tian</div><div class="table-link">[[tian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰiɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="ting"><div class="table-pinyin">ting</div><div class="table-link">[[ting]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰiŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ing</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="tu"><div class="table-pinyin">tu</div><div class="table-link">[[tu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'u</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="tui"><div class="table-pinyin">tui</div><div class="table-link">[[tui]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰu̯eɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄨㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'ui</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="tuo"><div class="table-pinyin">tuo</div><div class="table-link">[[tuo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'o</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="tuan"><div class="table-pinyin">tuan</div><div class="table-link">[[tuan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰu̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'uan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="tun"><div class="table-pinyin">tun</div><div class="table-link">[[tun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[tʰu̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄊㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">t'un</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-dtnl last-col" id="t-"><strong>t-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  N- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-dtnl first-col" id="n-"><strong>n-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="na"><div class="table-pinyin">na</div><div class="table-link">[[na]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">na</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="nai"><div class="table-pinyin">nai</div><div class="table-link">[[nai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[naɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="nao"><div class="table-pinyin">nao</div><div class="table-link">[[nao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="nan"><div class="table-pinyin">nan</div><div class="table-link">[[nan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="nang"><div class="table-pinyin">nang</div><div class="table-link">[[nang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="ne"><div class="table-pinyin">ne</div><div class="table-link">[[ne]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ne</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="nei"><div class="table-pinyin">nei</div><div class="table-link">[[nei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[neɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="nen"><div class="table-pinyin">nen</div><div class="table-link">[[nen]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nen</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="neng"><div class="table-pinyin">neng</div><div class="table-link">[[neng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">neng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="nou"><div class="table-pinyin">nou</div><div class="table-link">[[nou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="nong"><div class="table-pinyin">nong</div><div class="table-link">[[nong]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="ni"><div class="table-pinyin">ni</div><div class="table-link">[[ni]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ni]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ni</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="niao"><div class="table-pinyin">niao</div><div class="table-link">[[niao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ni̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">niao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="nie"><div class="table-pinyin">nie</div><div class="table-link">[[nie]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[niɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="niu"><div class="table-pinyin">niu</div><div class="table-link">[[niu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ni̯ɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">niu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="nian"><div class="table-pinyin">nian</div><div class="table-link">[[nian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[niɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="niang"><div class="table-pinyin">niang</div><div class="table-link">[[niang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ni̯ɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">niang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="nin"><div class="table-pinyin">nin</div><div class="table-link">[[nin]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nin]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nin</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="ning"><div class="table-pinyin">ning</div><div class="table-link">[[ning]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[niŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ning</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="nu"><div class="table-pinyin">nu</div><div class="table-link">[[nu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="nuo"><div class="table-pinyin">nuo</div><div class="table-link">[[nuo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">no</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="nuan"><div class="table-pinyin">nuan</div><div class="table-link">[[nuan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[nu̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nuan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v" id="nü"><div class="table-pinyin">nü</div><div class="table-link">[[nü]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ny]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄩ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nü</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v" id="nüe"><div class="table-pinyin">nüe</div><div class="table-link">[[nüe]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ny̯œ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄋㄩㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">nüeh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-dtnl last-col" id="n-"><strong>n-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  L- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-dtnl first-col" id="l-"><strong>l-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="la"><div class="table-pinyin">la</div><div class="table-link">[[la]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">la</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="lai"><div class="table-pinyin">lai</div><div class="table-link">[[lai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[laɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="lao"><div class="table-pinyin">lao</div><div class="table-link">[[lao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="lan"><div class="table-pinyin">lan</div><div class="table-link">[[lan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-a" id="lang"><div class="table-pinyin">lang</div><div class="table-link">[[lang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="le"><div class="table-pinyin">le</div><div class="table-link">[[le]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">le</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="lei"><div class="table-pinyin">lei</div><div class="table-link">[[lei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[leɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e" id="leng"><div class="table-pinyin">leng</div><div class="table-link">[[leng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ləŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">leng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="lo"><div class="table-pinyin">lo</div><div class="table-link">[[lo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lo</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="lou"><div class="table-pinyin">lou</div><div class="table-link">[[lou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-o" id="long"><div class="table-pinyin">long</div><div class="table-link">[[long]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="li"><div class="table-pinyin">li</div><div class="table-link">[[li]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[li]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">li</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="lia"><div class="table-pinyin">lia</div><div class="table-link">[[lia]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[li̯ɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lia</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="liao"><div class="table-pinyin">liao</div><div class="table-link">[[liao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[li̯ɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">liao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="lie"><div class="table-pinyin">lie</div><div class="table-link">[[lie]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[liɛ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lieh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="liu"><div class="table-pinyin">liu</div><div class="table-link">[[liu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[li̯ɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">liu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="lian"><div class="table-pinyin">lian</div><div class="table-link">[[lian]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[liɛn]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lien</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="liang"><div class="table-pinyin">liang</div><div class="table-link">[[liang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[li̯ɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">liang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="lin"><div class="table-pinyin">lin</div><div class="table-link">[[lin]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lin]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lin</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i" id="ling"><div class="table-pinyin">ling</div><div class="table-link">[[ling]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[liŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄧㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ling</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="lu"><div class="table-pinyin">lu</div><div class="table-link">[[lu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="luo"><div class="table-pinyin">luo</div><div class="table-link">[[luo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lo</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="luan"><div class="table-pinyin">luan</div><div class="table-link">[[luan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lu̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">luan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u" id="lun"><div class="table-pinyin">lun</div><div class="table-link">[[lun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[lu̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lun</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v" id="lü"><div class="table-pinyin">lü</div><div class="table-link">[[lü]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ly]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄩ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lü</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v" id="lüe"><div class="table-pinyin">lüe</div><div class="table-link">[[lüe]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ly̯œ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄌㄩㄝ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">lüeh</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-dtnl col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-dtnl last-col" id="l-"><strong>l-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  S- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-zcs first-col" id="s-"><strong>s-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-a" id="sa"><div class="table-pinyin">sa</div><div class="table-link">[[sa]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sa</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-a" id="sai"><div class="table-pinyin">sai</div><div class="table-link">[[sai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[saɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-a" id="sao"><div class="table-pinyin">sao</div><div class="table-link">[[sao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-a" id="san"><div class="table-pinyin">san</div><div class="table-link">[[san]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[san]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">san</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-a" id="sang"><div class="table-pinyin">sang</div><div class="table-link">[[sang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-e" id="se"><div class="table-pinyin">se</div><div class="table-link">[[se]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">se</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-e" id="sen"><div class="table-pinyin">sen</div><div class="table-link">[[sen]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sen</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-e" id="seng"><div class="table-pinyin">seng</div><div class="table-link">[[seng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[səŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">seng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-o" id="sou"><div class="table-pinyin">sou</div><div class="table-link">[[sou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-o" id="song"><div class="table-pinyin">song</div><div class="table-link">[[song]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i" id="si"><div class="table-pinyin">si</div><div class="table-link">[[si]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[sɿ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ssu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u" id="su"><div class="table-pinyin">su</div><div class="table-link">[[su]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[su]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">su</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u" id="sui"><div class="table-pinyin">sui</div><div class="table-link">[[sui]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[su̯eɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄨㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sui</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u" id="suo"><div class="table-pinyin">suo</div><div class="table-link">[[suo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[su̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">so</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u" id="suan"><div class="table-pinyin">suan</div><div class="table-link">[[suan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[su̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">suan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u" id="sun"><div class="table-pinyin">sun</div><div class="table-link">[[sun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[su̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄙㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">sun</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-zcs col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-zcs last-col" id="s-"><strong>s-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  G- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-gkh first-col" id="g-"><strong>g-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="ga"><div class="table-pinyin">ga</div><div class="table-link">[[ga]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ka</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="gai"><div class="table-pinyin">gai</div><div class="table-link">[[gai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kaɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="gao"><div class="table-pinyin">gao</div><div class="table-link">[[gao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="gan"><div class="table-pinyin">gan</div><div class="table-link">[[gan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="gang"><div class="table-pinyin">gang</div><div class="table-link">[[gang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="ge"><div class="table-pinyin">ge</div><div class="table-link">[[ge]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ke</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="gei"><div class="table-pinyin">gei</div><div class="table-link">[[gei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[keɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="gen"><div class="table-pinyin">gen</div><div class="table-link">[[gen]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ken</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="geng"><div class="table-pinyin">geng</div><div class="table-link">[[geng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">keng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o" id="gou"><div class="table-pinyin">gou</div><div class="table-link">[[gou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o" id="gong"><div class="table-pinyin">gong</div><div class="table-link">[[gong]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="gu"><div class="table-pinyin">gu</div><div class="table-link">[[gu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ku</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="gua"><div class="table-pinyin">gua</div><div class="table-link">[[gua]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯ɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kua</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="guai"><div class="table-pinyin">guai</div><div class="table-link">[[guai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯aɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kuai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="gui"><div class="table-pinyin">gui</div><div class="table-link">[[gui]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯eɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kui</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="guo"><div class="table-pinyin">guo</div><div class="table-link">[[guo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ko</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="guan"><div class="table-pinyin">guan</div><div class="table-link">[[guan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kuan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="guang"><div class="table-pinyin">guang</div><div class="table-link">[[guang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯ɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kuang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="gun"><div class="table-pinyin">gun</div><div class="table-link">[[gun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[ku̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄍㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">kun</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-gkh last-col" id="g-"><strong>g-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  K- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-gkh first-col" id="k-"><strong>k-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="ka"><div class="table-pinyin">ka</div><div class="table-link">[[ka]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'a</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="kai"><div class="table-pinyin">kai</div><div class="table-link">[[kai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰaɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="kao"><div class="table-pinyin">kao</div><div class="table-link">[[kao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="kan"><div class="table-pinyin">kan</div><div class="table-link">[[kan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'an</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="kang"><div class="table-pinyin">kang</div><div class="table-link">[[kang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="ke"><div class="table-pinyin">ke</div><div class="table-link">[[ke]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'e</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="kei"><div class="table-pinyin">kei</div><div class="table-link">[[kei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰeɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="ken"><div class="table-pinyin">ken</div><div class="table-link">[[ken]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'en</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="keng"><div class="table-pinyin">keng</div><div class="table-link">[[keng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'eng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o" id="kou"><div class="table-pinyin">kou</div><div class="table-link">[[kou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o" id="kong"><div class="table-pinyin">kong</div><div class="table-link">[[kong]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="ku"><div class="table-pinyin">ku</div><div class="table-link">[[ku]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'u</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kua"><div class="table-pinyin">kua</div><div class="table-link">[[kua]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯ɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ua</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kuai"><div class="table-pinyin">kuai</div><div class="table-link">[[kuai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯aɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'uai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kui"><div class="table-pinyin">kui</div><div class="table-link">[[kui]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯eɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'ui</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kuo"><div class="table-pinyin">kuo</div><div class="table-link">[[kuo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'o</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kuan"><div class="table-pinyin">kuan</div><div class="table-link">[[kuan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'uan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kuang"><div class="table-pinyin">kuang</div><div class="table-link">[[kuang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯ɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'uang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="kun"><div class="table-pinyin">kun</div><div class="table-link">[[kun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[kʰu̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄎㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">k'un</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-gkh last-col" id="k-"><strong>k-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
 +
<tr><!--  H- ROW  -->
 +
<th class="row-gkh first-col" id="h-"><strong>h-</strong></th>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="ha"><div class="table-pinyin">ha</div><div class="table-link">[[ha]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ha</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="hai"><div class="table-pinyin">hai</div><div class="table-link">[[hai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xaɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="hao"><div class="table-pinyin">hao</div><div class="table-link">[[hao]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xɑʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄠ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hao</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="han"><div class="table-pinyin">han</div><div class="table-link">[[han]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xan]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">han</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-a" id="hang"><div class="table-pinyin">hang</div><div class="table-link">[[hang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="he"><div class="table-pinyin">he</div><div class="table-link">[[he]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xɯ̯ʌ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄜ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">he</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="hei"><div class="table-pinyin">hei</div><div class="table-link">[[hei]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xeɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hei</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="hen"><div class="table-pinyin">hen</div><div class="table-link">[[hen]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hen</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e" id="heng"><div class="table-pinyin">heng</div><div class="table-link">[[heng]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xəŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">heng</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-e"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o" id="hou"><div class="table-pinyin">hou</div><div class="table-link">[[hou]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xɤʊ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄡ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hou</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-o" id="hong"><div class="table-pinyin">hong</div><div class="table-link">[[hong]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xʊŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄥ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hung</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-i"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="hu"><div class="table-pinyin">hu</div><div class="table-link">[[hu]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hu</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="hua"><div class="table-pinyin">hua</div><div class="table-link">[[hua]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯ɑ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄚ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hua</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="huai"><div class="table-pinyin">huai</div><div class="table-link">[[huai]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯aɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄞ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">huai</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="hui"><div class="table-pinyin">hui</div><div class="table-link">[[hui]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯eɪ̯]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄟ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hui</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="huo"><div class="table-pinyin">huo</div><div class="table-link">[[huo]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯ɔ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄛ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">ho</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="huan"><div class="table-pinyin">huan</div><div class="table-link">[[huan]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯an]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄢ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">huan</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="huang"><div class="table-pinyin">huang</div><div class="table-link">[[huang]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯ɑŋ]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄤ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">huang</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u" id="hun"><div class="table-pinyin">hun</div><div class="table-link">[[hun]]</div><div class="table-ipa">[xu̯ən]</div><div class="table-zhuyin">ㄏㄨㄣ</div><div class="table-wade-giles">hun</div></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-u"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v col-placeholder"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<td class="row-gkh col-v"></td>
 +
<th class="row-gkh last-col" id="h-"><strong>h-</strong></th>
 +
</tr>
 +
</table></div>
 +
 +
[[Category:Pinyin]]
 +
{{Point Type|pinyin}}
 +
{{Level|A1|20}}
 +
  
 
{{Number in Series|1|Pinyin quick start  guide}}
 
{{Number in Series|1|Pinyin quick start  guide}}

Revision as of 01:26, 10 February 2015

Although you cannot take for granted that the letters that make up pinyin sound like they do in English, the good news is that many of them do. So before learning about which pinyin letters make crazy new sounds in Mandarin Chinese, it's a good idea to learn the letters that make more familiar sounds. These are the "easy sounds."

Tone: 1 2 3 4 1234 [Show more Settings]

Additional Settings

Show Text: IPA Zhuyin Wade-Giles

Text Size: Small Medium Large

Chart Mode: Audio Links (disables audio)

b-
ba
ba
[pɑ]
ㄅㄚ
pa
bai
bai
[paɪ̯]
ㄅㄞ
pai
bao
bao
[pɑʊ̯]
ㄅㄠ
pao
ban
ban
[pan]
ㄅㄢ
pan
bang
bang
[pɑŋ]
ㄅㄤ
pang
bei
bei
[peɪ̯]
ㄅㄟ
pei
ben
ben
[pən]
ㄅㄣ
pen
beng
beng
[pəŋ]
ㄅㄥ
peng
bo
bo
[pu̯ɔ]
ㄅㄛ
po
bi
bi
[pi]
ㄅㄧ
pi
biao
biao
[pi̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄅㄧㄠ
piao
bie
bie
[piɛ]
ㄅㄧㄝ
pieh
bian
bian
[piɛn]
ㄅㄧㄢ
pien
bin
bin
[pin]
ㄅㄧㄣ
pin
bing
bing
[piŋ]
ㄅㄧㄥ
ping
bu
bu
[pu]
ㄅㄨ
pu
 b-
p-
pa
pa
[pʰɑ]
ㄆㄚ
p'a
pai
pai
[pʰaɪ̯]
ㄆㄞ
p'ai
pao
pao
[pʰɑʊ̯]
ㄆㄠ
p'ao
pan
pan
[pʰan]
ㄆㄢ
p'an
pang
pang
[pʰɑŋ]
ㄆㄤ
p'ang
pei
pei
[pʰeɪ̯]
ㄆㄟ
p'ei
pen
pen
[pʰən]
ㄆㄣ
p'en
peng
peng
[pʰəŋ]
ㄆㄥ
p'eng
po
po
[pʰu̯ɔ]
ㄆㄛ
p'o
pou
pou
[pʰɤʊ̯]
ㄆㄡ
p'ou
pi
pi
[pʰi]
ㄆㄧ
p'i
piao
piao
[pʰi̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄆㄧㄠ
p'iao
pie
pie
[pʰiɛ]
ㄆㄧㄝ
p'ieh
pian
pian
[pʰiɛn]
ㄆㄧㄢ
p'ien
min
min
[pʰin]
ㄆㄧㄣ
p'in
ping
ping
[pʰiŋ]
ㄆㄧㄥ
p'ing
pu
pu
[pʰu]
ㄆㄨ
p'u
 p-
m-
ma
ma
[mɑ]
ㄇㄚ
ma
mai
mai
[maɪ̯]
ㄇㄞ
mai
mao
mao
[mɑʊ̯]
ㄇㄠ
mao
man
man
[man]
ㄇㄢ
man
mang
mang
[mɑŋ]
ㄇㄤ
mang
me
me
[mɯ̯ʌ]
ㄇㄜ
me
mei
mei
[meɪ̯]
ㄇㄟ
mei
men
men
[mən]
ㄇㄣ
men
meng
meng
[məŋ]
ㄇㄥ
meng
mo
mo
[mu̯ɔ]
ㄇㄛ
mo
mou
mou
[mɤʊ̯]
ㄇㄡ
mou
mi
mi
[mi]
ㄇㄧ
mi
miao
miao
[mi̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄇㄧㄠ
miao
mie
mie
[miɛ]
ㄇㄧㄝ
mieh
miu
miu
[mi̯ɤʊ̯]
ㄇㄧㄡ
miu
mian
mian
[miɛn]
ㄇㄧㄢ
mien
ming
ming
[miŋ]
ㄇㄧㄥ
ming
mu
mu
[mu]
ㄇㄨ
mu
 m-
f-
fa
fa
[fɑ]
ㄈㄚ
fa
fan
fan
[fan]
ㄈㄢ
fan
fang
fang
[fɑŋ]
ㄈㄤ
fang
fei
fei
[feɪ̯]
ㄈㄟ
fei
fen
fen
[fən]
ㄈㄣ
fen
feng
feng
[fəŋ]
ㄈㄥ
feng
fo
fo
[fu̯ɔ]
ㄈㄛ
fo
fou
fou
[fɤʊ̯]
ㄈㄡ
fou
fu
fu
[fu]
ㄈㄨ
fu
 f-
d-
da
da
[tɑ]
ㄉㄚ
ta
dai
dai
[taɪ̯]
ㄉㄞ
tai
dao
dao
[tɑʊ̯]
ㄉㄠ
tao
dan
dan
[tan]
ㄉㄢ
tan
dang
dang
[tɑŋ]
ㄉㄤ
tang
de
de
[tɯ̯ʌ]
ㄉㄜ
te
dei
dei
[teɪ̯]
ㄉㄟ
tei
den
den
[tən]
ㄉㄣ
ten
deng
deng
[təŋ]
ㄉㄥ
teng
dou
dou
[tɤʊ̯]
ㄉㄡ
tou
dong
dong
[tʊŋ]
ㄉㄨㄥ
tung
di
di
[ti]
ㄉㄧ
ti
diao
diao
[ti̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄉㄧㄠ
tiao
die
die
[tiɛ]
ㄉㄧㄝ
tieh
diu
diu
[ti̯ɤʊ̯]
ㄉㄧㄡ
tiu
dian
dian
[tiɛn]
ㄉㄧㄢ
tien
ding
ding
[tiŋ]
ㄉㄧㄥ
ting
du
du
[tu]
ㄉㄨ
tu
dui
dui
[tu̯eɪ̯]
ㄉㄨㄟ
tui
duo
duo
[tu̯ɔ]
ㄉㄨㄛ
to
duan
duan
[tu̯an]
ㄉㄨㄢ
tuan
dun
dun
[tu̯ən]
ㄉㄨㄣ
tun
 d-
t-
ta
ta
[tʰɑ]
ㄊㄚ
t'a
tai
tai
[tʰaɪ̯]
ㄊㄞ
t'ai
tao
tao
[tʰɑʊ̯]
ㄊㄠ
t'ao
tan
tan
[tʰan]
ㄊㄢ
t'an
tang
tang
[tʰɑŋ]
ㄊㄤ
t'ang
te
te
[tʰɯ̯ʌ]
ㄊㄜ
t'e
teng
teng
[tʰəŋ]
ㄊㄥ
t'eng
tou
tou
[tʰɤʊ̯]
ㄊㄡ
t'ou
tong
tong
[tʰʊŋ]
ㄊㄨㄥ
t'ung
ti
ti
[tʰi]
ㄊㄧ
t'i
tiao
tiao
[tʰi̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄊㄧㄠ
t'iao
tie
tie
[tʰiɛ]
ㄊㄧㄝ
t'ieh
tian
tian
[tʰiɛn]
ㄊㄧㄢ
t'ien
ting
ting
[tʰiŋ]
ㄊㄧㄥ
t'ing
tu
tu
[tʰu]
ㄊㄨ
t'u
tui
tui
[tʰu̯eɪ̯]
ㄊㄨㄟ
t'ui
tuo
tuo
[tʰu̯ɔ]
ㄊㄨㄛ
t'o
tuan
tuan
[tʰu̯an]
ㄊㄨㄢ
t'uan
tun
tun
[tʰu̯ən]
ㄊㄨㄣ
t'un
 t-
n-
na
na
[nɑ]
ㄋㄚ
na
nai
nai
[naɪ̯]
ㄋㄞ
nai
nao
nao
[nɑʊ̯]
ㄋㄠ
nao
nan
nan
[nan]
ㄋㄢ
nan
nang
nang
[nɑŋ]
ㄋㄤ
nang
ne
ne
[nɯ̯ʌ]
ㄋㄜ
ne
nei
nei
[neɪ̯]
ㄋㄟ
nei
nen
nen
[nən]
ㄋㄣ
nen
neng
neng
[nəŋ]
ㄋㄥ
neng
nou
nou
[nɤʊ̯]
ㄋㄡ
nou
nong
nong
[nʊŋ]
ㄋㄨㄥ
nung
ni
ni
[ni]
ㄋㄧ
ni
niao
niao
[ni̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄋㄧㄠ
niao
nie
nie
[niɛ]
ㄋㄧㄝ
nieh
niu
niu
[ni̯ɤʊ̯]
ㄋㄧㄡ
niu
nian
nian
[niɛn]
ㄋㄧㄢ
nien
niang
niang
[ni̯ɑŋ]
ㄋㄧㄤ
niang
nin
nin
[nin]
ㄋㄧㄣ
nin
ning
ning
[niŋ]
ㄋㄧㄥ
ning
nu
nu
[nu]
ㄋㄨ
nu
nuo
nuo
[nu̯ɔ]
ㄋㄨㄛ
no
nuan
nuan
[nu̯an]
ㄋㄨㄢ
nuan
nü
nü
[ny]
ㄋㄩ
nü
nüe
nüe
[ny̯œ]
ㄋㄩㄝ
nüeh
 n-
l-
la
la
[lɑ]
ㄌㄚ
la
lai
lai
[laɪ̯]
ㄌㄞ
lai
lao
lao
[lɑʊ̯]
ㄌㄠ
lao
lan
lan
[lan]
ㄌㄢ
lan
lang
lang
[lɑŋ]
ㄌㄤ
lang
le
le
[lɯ̯ʌ]
ㄌㄜ
le
lei
lei
[leɪ̯]
ㄌㄟ
lei
leng
leng
[ləŋ]
ㄌㄥ
leng
lo
lo
[lu̯ɔ]
ㄌㄛ
lo
lou
lou
[lɤʊ̯]
ㄌㄡ
lou
long
long
[lʊŋ]
ㄌㄨㄥ
lung
li
li
[li]
ㄌㄧ
li
lia
lia
[li̯ɑ]
ㄌㄧㄚ
lia
liao
liao
[li̯ɑʊ̯]
ㄌㄧㄠ
liao
lie
lie
[liɛ]
ㄌㄧㄝ
lieh
liu
liu
[li̯ɤʊ̯]
ㄌㄧㄡ
liu
lian
lian
[liɛn]
ㄌㄧㄢ
lien
liang
liang
[li̯ɑŋ]
ㄌㄧㄤ
liang
lin
lin
[lin]
ㄌㄧㄣ
lin
ling
ling
[liŋ]
ㄌㄧㄥ
ling
lu
lu
[lu]
ㄌㄨ
lu
luo
luo
[lu̯ɔ]
ㄌㄨㄛ
lo
luan
luan
[lu̯an]
ㄌㄨㄢ
luan
lun
lun
[lu̯ən]
ㄌㄨㄣ
lun
lü
lü
[ly]
ㄌㄩ
lü
lüe
lüe
[ly̯œ]
ㄌㄩㄝ
lüeh
 l-
s-
sa
sa
[sɑ]
ㄙㄚ
sa
sai
sai
[saɪ̯]
ㄙㄞ
sai
sao
sao
[sɑʊ̯]
ㄙㄠ
sao
san
san
[san]
ㄙㄢ
san
sang
sang
[sɑŋ]
ㄙㄤ
sang
se
se
[sɯ̯ʌ]
ㄙㄜ
se
sen
sen
[sən]
ㄙㄣ
sen
seng
seng
[səŋ]
ㄙㄥ
seng
sou
sou
[sɤʊ̯]
ㄙㄡ
sou
song
song
[sʊŋ]
ㄙㄨㄥ
sung
si
si
[sɿ]
ㄙ
ssu
su
su
[su]
ㄙㄨ
su
sui
sui
[su̯eɪ̯]
ㄙㄨㄟ
sui
suo
suo
[su̯ɔ]
ㄙㄨㄛ
so
suan
suan
[su̯an]
ㄙㄨㄢ
suan
sun
sun
[su̯ən]
ㄙㄨㄣ
sun
 s-
g-
ga
ga
[kɑ]
ㄍㄚ
ka
gai
gai
[kaɪ̯]
ㄍㄞ
kai
gao
gao
[kɑʊ̯]
ㄍㄠ
kao
gan
gan
[kan]
ㄍㄢ
kan
gang
gang
[kɑŋ]
ㄍㄤ
kang
ge
ge
[kɯ̯ʌ]
ㄍㄜ
ke
gei
gei
[keɪ̯]
ㄍㄟ
kei
gen
gen
[kən]
ㄍㄣ
ken
geng
geng
[kəŋ]
ㄍㄥ
keng
gou
gou
[kɤʊ̯]
ㄍㄡ
kou
gong
gong
[kʊŋ]
ㄍㄨㄥ
kung
gu
gu
[ku]
ㄍㄨ
ku
gua
gua
[ku̯ɑ]
ㄍㄨㄚ
kua
guai
guai
[ku̯aɪ̯]
ㄍㄨㄞ
kuai
gui
gui
[ku̯eɪ̯]
ㄍㄨㄟ
kui
guo
guo
[ku̯ɔ]
ㄍㄨㄛ
ko
guan
guan
[ku̯an]
ㄍㄨㄢ
kuan
guang
guang
[ku̯ɑŋ]
ㄍㄨㄤ
kuang
gun
gun
[ku̯ən]
ㄍㄨㄣ
kun
 g-
k-
ka
ka
[kʰɑ]
ㄎㄚ
k'a
kai
kai
[kʰaɪ̯]
ㄎㄞ
k'ai
kao
kao
[kʰɑʊ̯]
ㄎㄠ
k'ao
kan
kan
[kʰan]
ㄎㄢ
k'an
kang
kang
[kʰɑŋ]
ㄎㄤ
k'ang
ke
ke
[kʰɯ̯ʌ]
ㄎㄜ
k'e
kei
kei
[kʰeɪ̯]
ㄎㄟ
k'ei
ken
ken
[kʰən]
ㄎㄣ
k'en
keng
keng
[kʰəŋ]
ㄎㄥ
k'eng
kou
kou
[kʰɤʊ̯]
ㄎㄡ
k'ou
kong
kong
[kʰʊŋ]
ㄎㄨㄥ
k'ung
ku
ku
[kʰu]
ㄎㄨ
k'u
kua
kua
[kʰu̯ɑ]
ㄎㄨㄚ
k'ua
kuai
kuai
[kʰu̯aɪ̯]
ㄎㄨㄞ
k'uai
kui
kui
[kʰu̯eɪ̯]
ㄎㄨㄟ
k'ui
kuo
kuo
[kʰu̯ɔ]
ㄎㄨㄛ
k'o
kuan
kuan
[kʰu̯an]
ㄎㄨㄢ
k'uan
kuang
kuang
[kʰu̯ɑŋ]
ㄎㄨㄤ
k'uang
kun
kun
[kʰu̯ən]
ㄎㄨㄣ
k'un
 k-
h-
ha
ha
[xɑ]
ㄏㄚ
ha
hai
hai
[xaɪ̯]
ㄏㄞ
hai
hao
hao
[xɑʊ̯]
ㄏㄠ
hao
han
han
[xan]
ㄏㄢ
han
hang
hang
[xɑŋ]
ㄏㄤ
hang
he
he
[xɯ̯ʌ]
ㄏㄜ
he
hei
hei
[xeɪ̯]
ㄏㄟ
hei
hen
hen
[xən]
ㄏㄣ
hen
heng
heng
[xəŋ]
ㄏㄥ
heng
hou
hou
[xɤʊ̯]
ㄏㄡ
hou
hong
hong
[xʊŋ]
ㄏㄨㄥ
hung
hu
hu
[xu]
ㄏㄨ
hu
hua
hua
[xu̯ɑ]
ㄏㄨㄚ
hua
huai
huai
[xu̯aɪ̯]
ㄏㄨㄞ
huai
hui
hui
[xu̯eɪ̯]
ㄏㄨㄟ
hui
huo
huo
[xu̯ɔ]
ㄏㄨㄛ
ho
huan
huan
[xu̯an]
ㄏㄨㄢ
huan
huang
huang
[xu̯ɑŋ]
ㄏㄨㄤ
huang
hun
hun
[xu̯ən]
ㄏㄨㄣ
hun
 h-


Retrieved from "https://resources.allsetlearning.com/pronwiki/?title=Easy_sounds&oldid=2727"