Tone changes for "yi"
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Level
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In series Tone change rules
- Also known as: tone sandhi and 变调规则 (biàndiào guīzé).
There are certain circumstances under which a Chinese word or character's normal tone will regularly change to a specific different tone. These tone changes (also called tone sandhi) must be learned in order to pronounce Chinese correctly.
There are three main tone change rules that every learner needs to know. These rules are not normally reflected in the tone marks of pinyin; you just have to know them.
Contents
Tone Change Rule for 一 (yī)
When followed by a 4th tone, 一 (yī) changes to 2nd tone (yí).
When followed by any other tone, 一 (yī) changes to 4th tone (yì).
Examples of the 1→2 Tone Change
Remember, normally you do not write the tone change. We're just doing it here (and also highlighting it where it happens) to make it extra clear.
| Audio | Chinese | We Write | We Say | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一 个 | yī gè | yí gè | one (of something) | |
| 一下 | yīxià | yíxià | [after a verb] quickly, briefly, casually | |
| 一半 | yībàn | yíbàn | one half | |
| 一 次 | yī cì | yí cì | first; first time; once; (math.) linear (of degree one) | |
| 一样 | yīyàng | yíyàng | the same (as) |
Examples of the 1→4 Tone Change
Remember, normally you do not write the tone change. We're just doing it here to make it extra clear.
| Audio | Chinese | We Write | We Say | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一起 | yīqǐ | yìqǐ | together | |
| 一点 | yīdiǎn | yìdiǎn | a bit; a little | |
| 一 天 | yī tiān | yì tiān | one day | |
| 一些 | yīxiē | yìxiē | some | |
| 一 年 | yī nián | yì nián | one year |
Exceptions
When 一 (yī) appears as a number in a series, larger number, address, or date, it is pronounced without the tone change (regular first tone "yī")
- 一 二 三 四 五 one, two, three, four, five
- 0.12 zero point one two
- 第 一 个 the first one
- 三 千 五 百 一十一 three thousand five hundred eleven
- 2011 年 the year two thousand eleven
- 一 楼 first floor
- 二 零 一 房间 room 201
- 一五一十 in full detail [idiom]
- 周一 到 周五 from Monday to Friday
- 一月 January
- 三月 一 号 March 1st
Why Tone Changes Are Not Written
Normally the tone changes above are not written in the pinyin; you are supposed to just know the rule and apply it if you say the word(s) aloud. The reason for this is that in many cases if the tone change is written, you will be confused as to what the “normal” tone of a character is actually supposed to be. For example, you might wonder, “is this a third tone written as a second tone because it’s followed by a third tone, or is this character always a second tone?” Always writing the original tones solves this problem. But it also means that you really need to know your tone change rules. Learn them well!
An Alternative Way to Indicate Tone Changes
Some textbooks or software (such as Wenlin) indicate a tone change with a small dot under the letter with the tone mark. This can be nice for beginners, but it is not part of standard pinyin.
Sources and further reading
- Wikipedia: Tone sandhi: Mandarin Chinese
