Pinyin: the "ch" "sh" and "zh" sounds
The sounds represented by "ch," "sh," and "zh" in pinyin are all very similar sounds in Chinese. They're meant to be grouped together, and they should be learned together. The good news is that these sounds are not too different from the English "ch," "sh," and "j" sounds (note that "zh" sounds like the English "j" sound; the pinyin "j" sound is totally different beast, to be introduced later).
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| -a- | -a | -ai | -ao | -an | -ang | -e- | -e | -ei | -en | -eng | -er | -o- | -o | -ou | -ong | -i- | -i | -i* | -ia | -iao | -ie | -iou | -ian | -iang | -in | -ing | -iong | -u- | -u | -ua | -uai | -uei | -uo | -uan | -uang | -uen | -ueng | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| zh- | [tʂɑ] cha |
[tʂaɪ̯] chai |
[tʂɑʊ̯] chao |
[tʂan] chan |
[tʂɑŋ] chang |
[tʂɯ̯ʌ] che |
[tʂeɪ̯] chei |
[tʂən] chen |
[tʂəŋ] cheng |
[tʂɤʊ̯] chou |
[tʂʊŋ] chung |
[tʂʅ] chih |
[tʂu] chu |
[tʂu̯ɑ] chua |
[tʂu̯aɪ̯] chuai |
[tʂu̯eɪ̯] chui |
[tʂu̯ɔ] cho |
[tʂu̯an] chuan |
[tʂ̯u̯ɑŋ] chuang |
[tʂu̯ən] chun |
zh- | |||||||||||||||||||
| ch- | [tʂʰɑ] ch'a |
[tʂʰaɪ̯] ch'ai |
[tʂʰɑʊ̯] ch'ao |
[tʂʰan] ch'an |
[tʂʰɑŋ] ch'ang |
[tʂʰɯ̯ʌ] ch'e |
[tʂʰən] ch'en |
[tʂʰəŋ] ch'eng |
[tʂʰɤʊ̯] ch'ou |
[tʂʰʊŋ] ch'ung |
[tʂʰʅ] ch'ih |
[tʂʰu] ch'u |
[tʂʰu̯ɑ] ch'ua |
[tʂʰu̯aɪ̯] ch'uai |
[tʂʰu̯eɪ̯] ch'ui |
[tʂʰu̯ɔ] ch'o |
[tʂʰu̯an] ch'uan |
[tʂʰu̯ɑŋ] ch'uang |
[tʂʰu̯ən] ch'un |
ch- | ||||||||||||||||||||
| sh- | [ʂɑ] sha |
[ʂaɪ̯] shai |
[ʂɑʊ̯] shao |
[ʂan] shan |
[ʂɑŋ] shang |
[ʂɯ̯ʌ] she |
[ʂeɪ̯] shei |
[ʂən] shen |
[ʂəŋ] sheng |
[ʂɤʊ̯] shou |
[ʂʅ] shih |
[ʂu] shu |
[ʂu̯ɑ] shua |
[ʂu̯aɪ̯] shuai |
[ʂu̯eɪ̯] shui |
[ʂu̯ɔ] sho |
[ʂu̯an] shuan |
[ʂu̯ɑŋ] shuang |
[ʂu̯ən] shun |
sh- |
