Difference between revisions of "Comparing "jia" and "jiating""

 
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{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
  
== 家 means home ==
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== Use for "home" ==
  
 
=== Example Sentences ===  
 
=== Example Sentences ===  
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* 地铁 站 离 我 <em>家</em> 很 近 。 <span class="pinyin">Dìtiě zhàn lí wǒ <em> jiā </em> hěn jìn.</span><span class="trans">The subway station is very close to my home.</span>
 
* 地铁 站 离 我 <em>家</em> 很 近 。 <span class="pinyin">Dìtiě zhàn lí wǒ <em> jiā </em> hěn jìn.</span><span class="trans">The subway station is very close to my home.</span>
 
* 我 每 天 在 <em>家</em> 吃 晚饭 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ měi tiān zài <em> jiā </em> chī wǎnfàn.</span><span class="trans">I eat dinner at home every day.</span>
 
* 我 每 天 在 <em>家</em> 吃 晚饭 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ měi tiān zài <em> jiā </em> chī wǎnfàn.</span><span class="trans">I eat dinner at home every day.</span>
 +
* 上 个 周末 我 去 朋友 <em>家</em> 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Shàng gè zhōumò wǒ qù péngyou <em>jiā</em> le.</span><span class="trans">Last weekend I went to a friend's home.</span>
 
* 我 现在 在 <em>家</em> 办公。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiànzài zài <em> jiā </em> bàngōng.</span><span class="trans">I work from home now.</span>
 
* 我 现在 在 <em>家</em> 办公。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiànzài zài <em> jiā </em> bàngōng.</span><span class="trans">I work from home now.</span>
* 从 <em>家</em> 到 人民广场 , 我 走 了 一 个 半 小时 。 <span class="pinyin">Cóng <em> jiā </em> dào Rénmín Guǎngchǎng, wǒ zǒu le yī gè bàn xiǎoshí.</span><span class="trans">It takes me an hour and a half to walk from home to People's Square.</span>
+
* 从 <em>家</em> 到 人民广场 , 我 走 了 一 个 半 小时 。 <span class="pinyin">Cóng <em> jiā </em> dào Rénmín Guǎngchǎng, wǒ zǒu le yī gè bàn xiǎoshí.</span><span class="trans">From my home to People's Square I walked for half an hour.</span>
* 上 个 周末 我 去 朋友 <em>家</em> 做客 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Shàng gè zhōumò wǒ qù péngyou <em> jiā </em> zuòkè le.</span><span class="trans">Last weekend I went to a friend's house for a visit.</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
== Use 家庭 for "household" ==
 
== Use 家庭 for "household" ==
 +
 +
You'll notice that these uses are more formal. Aside from "household," the word 家庭 often refers to the family as an abstract unit of society.
  
 
=== Common Phrases ===  
 
=== Common Phrases ===  
 +
 +
Even though 家庭 means "household" by itself, as a part of many common phrases, the word "family" is more natural in English.
  
 
<div class="liju dapei">
 
<div class="liju dapei">
* <em>家庭</em> 医生<span class="pinyin"><em> jiātíng </em> yīshēng</span><span class="trans">family doctor</span>
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* 家庭 医生<span class="pinyin">jiātíng yīshēng</span><span class="trans">family doctor</span>
* <em>家庭</em> 教育<span class="pinyin"><em> jiātíng </em> jiàoyù</span><span class="trans">family education</span>
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* 家庭 教育<span class="pinyin">jiātíng jiàoyù</span><span class="trans">family education</span>
* <em>家庭</em> 主妇<span class="pinyin"><em> jiātíng </em> zhǔfù</span><span class="trans">housewife</span>
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* 家庭 主妇<span class="pinyin">jiātíng zhǔfù</span><span class="trans">housewife</span>
* <em>家庭</em> 聚会<span class="pinyin"><em> jiātíng </em> jùhuì</span><span class="trans">family gatherings</span>
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* 家庭 聚会<span class="pinyin">jiātíng jùhuì</span><span class="trans">family gatherings</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
* 我 有 一 个 大 <em>家庭</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ yǒu yī gè dà <em> jiātíng </em>.</span><span class="trans">I have a big family.</span>
 
* 我 有 一 个 大 <em>家庭</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ yǒu yī gè dà <em> jiātíng </em>.</span><span class="trans">I have a big family.</span>
 +
* <em>家庭</em> <strong>教育</strong> 也 很 重要。 <span class="pinyin"><em> jiātíng </em> <strong> jiàoyù </strong> yě hěn zhòngyào.</span><span class="trans">Family education is also very important.</span>
 
* 因为 <em>家庭</em> 的 原因 , 我 辞职 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Yīnwèi <em> jiātíng </em> de yuányīn, wǒ cízhí le.</span><span class="trans">For family reasons, I quit my job.</span>
 
* 因为 <em>家庭</em> 的 原因 , 我 辞职 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Yīnwèi <em> jiātíng </em> de yuányīn, wǒ cízhí le.</span><span class="trans">For family reasons, I quit my job.</span>
 
* 你 觉得 事业 和 <em>家庭</em> 哪个 更 重要 ? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ juéde shìyè hé <em> jiātíng </em> nǎge gèng zhòngyào?</span><span class="trans">Which do you think is more important, your career or your family?</span>
 
* 你 觉得 事业 和 <em>家庭</em> 哪个 更 重要 ? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ juéde shìyè hé <em> jiātíng </em> nǎge gèng zhòngyào?</span><span class="trans">Which do you think is more important, your career or your family?</span>
 
* 我 觉得 你 的 运气 很 好 , 有 非常 好 的 工作 , 也 有 幸福 的 <em>家庭</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ juéde nǐ de yùnqi hěn hǎo, yǒu fēicháng hǎo de gōngzuò, yě yǒu xìngfú de <em> jiātíng </em>.</span><span class="trans">I think you are very lucky to have a very good job and a happy family.</span>
 
* 我 觉得 你 的 运气 很 好 , 有 非常 好 的 工作 , 也 有 幸福 的 <em>家庭</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ juéde nǐ de yùnqi hěn hǎo, yǒu fēicháng hǎo de gōngzuò, yě yǒu xìngfú de <em> jiātíng </em>.</span><span class="trans">I think you are very lucky to have a very good job and a happy family.</span>
 
* 他 是 一 个 有名 的 <em>家庭</em> <strong>医生</strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Tā shì yī gè yǒumíng de <em> jiātíng </em> <strong> yīshēng </strong>.</span><span class="trans">He is a famous family doctor.</span>
 
* 他 是 一 个 有名 的 <em>家庭</em> <strong>医生</strong>。 <span class="pinyin">Tā shì yī gè yǒumíng de <em> jiātíng </em> <strong> yīshēng </strong>.</span><span class="trans">He is a famous family doctor.</span>
* 她 以前 是 一 个 <em>家庭</em> <strong>主妇</strong>,但是 现在 去 工作 了。 <span class="pinyin">Tā yǐqián shì yī gè <em> jiātíng </em> <strong> zhǔfù </strong>, dànshì xiànzài qù gōngzuò le.</span><span class="trans">She used to be a housewife, but now she's gone to work.</span>
+
* 她 以前 是 一 个 <em>家庭</em> <strong>主妇</strong>,但是 现在 去 工作 了。 <span class="pinyin">Tā yǐqián shì yī gè <em> jiātíng </em> <strong> zhǔfù </strong>, dànshì xiànzài qù gōngzuò le.</span><span class="trans">She used to be a housewife, but now she's gone back to work.</span>
 
* 上个 星期 我们 一家人 跟 另 一 个 <em>家庭</em> 一起 庆祝 了 感恩节 。 <span class="pinyin">Shàng gè xīngqī wǒmen yījiā rén gēn lìng yī gè <em> jiātíng </em> yīqǐ qìngzhù le Gǎnēnjié.</span><span class="trans">Last week we celebrated Thanksgiving as a family with another family.</span>
 
* 上个 星期 我们 一家人 跟 另 一 个 <em>家庭</em> 一起 庆祝 了 感恩节 。 <span class="pinyin">Shàng gè xīngqī wǒmen yījiā rén gēn lìng yī gè <em> jiātíng </em> yīqǐ qìngzhù le Gǎnēnjié.</span><span class="trans">Last week we celebrated Thanksgiving as a family with another family.</span>
* <em>家庭</em> <strong>教育</strong> 也 很 重要。 <span class="pinyin"><em> jiātíng </em> <strong> jiàoyù </strong> yě hěn zhòngyào.</span><span class="trans">Family education is also very important.</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
== Only 家 can be a measure word ==
 
== Only 家 can be a measure word ==
  
=== Common Phrases ===  
+
Be sure the you're clear on what a [https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Measure_word measure word] is. In Mandarin, the phrases "this restaurant," "which restaurant," and "one restaurant" would all use the measure word 家.
 +
 
 +
=== Common Phrases ===
 +
 
 +
Companies, stores, shops, restaurants, cafes, hotels... they all use the measure word 家.
  
 
<div class="liju dapei">
 
<div class="liju dapei">
* 这 <em></em> 餐厅 <span class="pinyin">zhè <em> jiā </em> cāntīng</span><span class="trans">this restaurant</span>
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* 这 家 餐厅 <span class="pinyin">zhè jiā cāntīng</span><span class="trans">this restaurant</span>
* 一 <em></em> 咖啡馆 <span class="pinyin">yī <em> jiā </em> kāfēiguǎn</span><span class="trans">a cafe</span>
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* 一 家 咖啡馆 <span class="pinyin">yī jiā kāfēiguǎn</span><span class="trans">a cafe</span>
* 那 <em></em> 工厂 <span class="pinyin">nà <em> jiā </em> gōngchǎng</span><span class="trans">that factory</span>
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* 那 家 工厂 <span class="pinyin">nà jiā gōngchǎng</span><span class="trans">that factory</span>
* 一 <em></em> 医院 <span class="pinyin">yī <em> jiā </em> yīyuàn</span><span class="trans">a hospital</span>
+
* 公司 <span class="pinyin">liǎng jiā gōngsī</span><span class="trans">two companies</span>
* 一 <em></em> 宾馆 <span class="pinyin">yī <em> jiā </em> bīnguǎn</span><span class="trans">a hotel</span>
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* 家 宾馆 <span class="pinyin">jiā bīnguǎn</span><span class="trans">which hotel</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 这 <em>家</em> <strong>餐厅</strong> 的 菜 价格 很 高。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè <em> jiā </em> <strong> cāntīng </strong> de cài jiàgé hěn gāo.</span><span class="trans">The food at this restaurant is very expensive.</span>
+
* 这 <em>家</em> <strong>餐厅</strong> 的 菜 价格 很 高。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè <em> jiā </em> <strong> cāntīng </strong> de cài jiàgé hěn gāo.</span><span class="trans">The prices of the diahses at this restaurant are very expensive.</span>
 
* 这 <em>家</em> <strong>公司</strong> 成立 于 2020 年 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè <em> jiā </em> <strong> gōngsī </strong> chénglì yú 2020 nián.</span><span class="trans">The company was founded in 2020.</span>
 
* 这 <em>家</em> <strong>公司</strong> 成立 于 2020 年 。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè <em> jiā </em> <strong> gōngsī </strong> chénglì yú 2020 nián.</span><span class="trans">The company was founded in 2020.</span>
* 那 <em>家</em> <strong>店</strong> 的 火锅 很 好吃 。 <span class="pinyin">Nà <em> jiā </em> <strong> diàn </strong> de huǒguō hěn hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">The hot pot is very good.</span>
+
* 那 <em>家</em> <strong>店</strong> 的 火锅 很 好吃 。 <span class="pinyin">Nà <em> jiā </em> <strong> diàn </strong> de huǒguō hěn hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">The hot pot at that restaurant is very good.</span>
 
* 我 常 去 这 <em>家</em> <strong>咖啡馆</strong>,这 家 的 咖啡 很 好喝。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ cháng qù zhè <em> jiā </em> <strong> kāfēiguǎn </strong>, zhè jiā de kāfēi hěn hǎohē.</span><span class="trans">I often go to this cafe, and the coffee is very good.</span>
 
* 我 常 去 这 <em>家</em> <strong>咖啡馆</strong>,这 家 的 咖啡 很 好喝。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ cháng qù zhè <em> jiā </em> <strong> kāfēiguǎn </strong>, zhè jiā de kāfēi hěn hǎohē.</span><span class="trans">I often go to this cafe, and the coffee is very good.</span>
* 你 知道 在 上海 有 多少 <em>家</em> <strong>医院</strong> 吗? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhīdào zài Shànghǎi yǒu duōshǎo <em> jiā </em> <strong> yīyuàn </strong> ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you know how many hospitals there are in Shanghai?</span>
+
* 你 知道 在 上海 有 多少 <em>家</em> <strong>宾馆</strong> 吗? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhīdào zài Shànghǎi yǒu duōshǎo <em>jiā</em> <strong> bīnguǎn </strong> ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you know how many hotels there are in Shanghai?</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  

Latest revision as of 07:27, 6 May 2022

家 (jiā) and 家庭 (jiātíng) are similar in that both are nouns that refer to "family." 家 is used most often in informal contexts and is usually translated as "home," or sometimes "family." 家庭 is more formal and often translated as "household." Additionally, 家 has much wider usage and is commonly used as a measure word.











B1HSK5ASV4567
家 (jiā) 家庭 (jiātíng)
Meaning home, family household, family
Part of Speech noun, measure word noun
Formality informal formal

Use 家 for "home"

Example Sentences

  • 地铁 站 离 我  很 近 。 Dìtiě zhàn lí wǒ jiā hěn jìn.The subway station is very close to my home.
  • 我 每 天 在  吃 晚饭 。 Wǒ měi tiān zài jiā chī wǎnfàn.I eat dinner at home every day.
  • 上 个 周末 我 去 朋友 了 。 Shàng gè zhōumò wǒ qù péngyou jiā le.Last weekend I went to a friend's home.
  • 我 现在 在 办公。 Wǒ xiànzài zài jiā bàngōng.I work from home now.
  • 从  到 人民广场 , 我 走 了 一 个 半 小时 。 Cóng jiā dào Rénmín Guǎngchǎng, wǒ zǒu le yī gè bàn xiǎoshí.From my home to People's Square I walked for half an hour.

Use 家庭 for "household"

You'll notice that these uses are more formal. Aside from "household," the word 家庭 often refers to the family as an abstract unit of society.

Common Phrases

Even though 家庭 means "household" by itself, as a part of many common phrases, the word "family" is more natural in English.

  • 家庭 医生jiātíng yīshēngfamily doctor
  • 家庭 教育jiātíng jiàoyùfamily education
  • 家庭 主妇jiātíng zhǔfùhousewife
  • 家庭 聚会jiātíng jùhuìfamily gatherings

Example Sentences

  • 我 有 一 个 大 家庭 。 Wǒ yǒu yī gè dà jiātíng .I have a big family.
  • 家庭 教育 也 很 重要。 jiātíng jiàoyù yě hěn zhòngyào.Family education is also very important.
  • 因为 家庭 的 原因 , 我 辞职 了 。 Yīnwèi jiātíng de yuányīn, wǒ cízhí le.For family reasons, I quit my job.
  • 你 觉得 事业 和 家庭 哪个 更 重要 ? Nǐ juéde shìyè hé jiātíng nǎge gèng zhòngyào?Which do you think is more important, your career or your family?
  • 我 觉得 你 的 运气 很 好 , 有 非常 好 的 工作 , 也 有 幸福 的 家庭 。 Wǒ juéde nǐ de yùnqi hěn hǎo, yǒu fēicháng hǎo de gōngzuò, yě yǒu xìngfú de jiātíng .I think you are very lucky to have a very good job and a happy family.
  • 他 是 一 个 有名 的 家庭 医生Tā shì yī gè yǒumíng de jiātíng yīshēng .He is a famous family doctor.
  • 她 以前 是 一 个 家庭 主妇,但是 现在 去 工作 了。 Tā yǐqián shì yī gè jiātíng zhǔfù , dànshì xiànzài qù gōngzuò le.She used to be a housewife, but now she's gone back to work.
  • 上个 星期 我们 一家人 跟 另 一 个 家庭 一起 庆祝 了 感恩节 。 Shàng gè xīngqī wǒmen yījiā rén gēn lìng yī gè jiātíng yīqǐ qìngzhù le Gǎnēnjié.Last week we celebrated Thanksgiving as a family with another family.

Only 家 can be a measure word

Be sure the you're clear on what a measure word is. In Mandarin, the phrases "this restaurant," "which restaurant," and "one restaurant" would all use the measure word 家.

Common Phrases

Companies, stores, shops, restaurants, cafes, hotels... they all use the measure word 家.

  • 这 家 餐厅 zhè jiā cāntīngthis restaurant
  • 一 家 咖啡馆 yī jiā kāfēiguǎna cafe
  • 那 家 工厂 nà jiā gōngchǎngthat factory
  • 两 家 公司 liǎng jiā gōngsītwo companies
  • 哪 家 宾馆 nǎ jiā bīnguǎnwhich hotel

Example Sentences

  • 这  餐厅 的 菜 价格 很 高。 Zhè jiā cāntīng de cài jiàgé hěn gāo.The prices of the diahses at this restaurant are very expensive.
  • 这  公司 成立 于 2020 年 。 Zhè jiā gōngsī chénglì yú 2020 nián.The company was founded in 2020.
  • 那   的 火锅 很 好吃 。 jiā diàn de huǒguō hěn hǎochī.The hot pot at that restaurant is very good.
  • 我 常 去 这 咖啡馆,这 家 的 咖啡 很 好喝。 Wǒ cháng qù zhè jiā kāfēiguǎn , zhè jiā de kāfēi hěn hǎohē.I often go to this cafe, and the coffee is very good.
  • 你 知道 在 上海 有 多少 宾馆 吗? Nǐ zhīdào zài Shànghǎi yǒu duōshǎo jiā bīnguǎn ma?Do you know how many hotels there are in Shanghai?

Sources and further reading

Websites