Difference between revisions of "Increase Decrease, Part 1"
(5 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
This page is part of a [[Increase, Decrease|"Increase, Decrease" series]] on mastering all of the Chinese words related to these English terms. These words are especially helpful in discussing business at an upper intermediate (B2) level. | This page is part of a [[Increase, Decrease|"Increase, Decrease" series]] on mastering all of the Chinese words related to these English terms. These words are especially helpful in discussing business at an upper intermediate (B2) level. | ||
− | This part focuses on the word pairs 上涨 / 涨 (shàngzhǎng / zhǎng) and 下跌 / 跌 (xiàdiē / diē). | + | This part focuses on the word pairs 上涨 / 涨 (shàngzhǎng / zhǎng) and 下跌 / 跌 (xiàdiē / diē). The words 上涨 / 涨 (shàngzhǎng/zhǎng) are relatively interchangeable. For both, you can use the translations "to rise" and "to go up" (which are also intransitive in English and can help keep you on the right track). The words 下跌 / 跌 (xiàdiē/diē) are also relatively interchangeable. For those two use the translations “to fall” and “to go down” (also intransitive in English). |
− | + | == Structure for 上涨 / 下跌 == | |
− | |||
− | + | Use 上涨 / 涨 or 下跌 / 跌 as intransitive verbs in this way: | |
− | |||
− | Use 上涨 / 涨 or 下跌 / 跌 as | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
Line 14: | Line 11: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
− | 上涨 / 涨 and 下跌 / 跌 are | + | 上涨 / 涨 and 下跌 / 跌 are intransitive verbs meaning they ''cannot take objects''. |
=== Common Phrases === | === Common Phrases === | ||
Line 37: | Line 34: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
− | == Word Order Exception == | + | == Word Order Exception for 涨 == |
− | There are two very common fixed phrases that make | + | There are two very common fixed phrases that make 涨 feel like a transitive verb (one that takes an object): |
− | (one that takes an object): | ||
# 涨价 (zhǎng jià), meaning “prices go up” | # 涨价 (zhǎng jià), meaning “prices go up” | ||
Line 214: | Line 210: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
− | * 老板 <strong>给</strong> 我 <em>涨</em> 工资 了。 | + | * 老板 <strong>给</strong> 我 <em>涨</em> 工资 了。 <span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <strong> gěi </strong> wǒ <em> zhǎng </em> gōngzī le.</span><span class="trans">My boss gave me a pay raise.</span> |
− | * 如果 老板 不 <strong>给</strong> 我 <em>涨</em> 工资,我 就 辞职。 | + | * 如果 老板 不 <strong>给</strong> 我 <em>涨</em> 工资,我 就 辞职。 <span class="pinyin">Rúguǒ lǎobǎn bù <strong> gěi </strong> wǒ <em> zhǎng </em> gōngzī, wǒ jiù cízhí.</span><span class="trans">If my boss doesn't give me a pay raise, I'll quit.</span> |
− | * 我 希望 能 <strong>给</strong> 他 <em>涨</em> 工资。 | + | * 我 希望 能 <strong>给</strong> 他 <em>涨</em> 工资。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ xīwàng néng <strong> gěi </strong> tā <em> zhǎng </em> gōngzī.</span><span class="trans">I would like to give him a pay raise.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
Line 230: | Line 226: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
− | * 今年 老板 给 我 <em>涨</em> 了 <strong>一 千 块</strong>的 工资。 | + | * 今年 老板 给 我 <em>涨</em> 了 <strong>一 千 块</strong>的 工资。 <span class="pinyin">Jīnnián lǎobǎn gěi wǒ <em> zhǎng </em> le <strong> yī qiān kuài </strong> de gōngzī.</span><span class="trans">This year, my boss gave me a $1,000 pay raise.</span> |
− | * 根据 规定,公司 每年 给 你 <em>涨</em> <strong>5%</strong> 的 工资。 | + | * 根据 规定,公司 每年 给 你 <em>涨</em> <strong>5%</strong> 的 工资。 <span class="pinyin">Gēnjù guīdìng, gōngsī měi nián gěi nǐ <em> zhǎng </em> <strong> bǎi fēn zhī wǔ </strong> de gōngzī.</span><span class="trans">As a rule, the company gives you a 5% salary increase every year.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
Latest revision as of 08:48, 10 August 2022
This page is part of a "Increase, Decrease" series on mastering all of the Chinese words related to these English terms. These words are especially helpful in discussing business at an upper intermediate (B2) level.
This part focuses on the word pairs 上涨 / 涨 (shàngzhǎng / zhǎng) and 下跌 / 跌 (xiàdiē / diē). The words 上涨 / 涨 (shàngzhǎng/zhǎng) are relatively interchangeable. For both, you can use the translations "to rise" and "to go up" (which are also intransitive in English and can help keep you on the right track). The words 下跌 / 跌 (xiàdiē/diē) are also relatively interchangeable. For those two use the translations “to fall” and “to go down” (also intransitive in English).
Contents
- 1 Structure for 上涨 / 下跌
- 2 Word Order Exception for 涨
- 3 Pattern Using 一直在
- 4 Patterns Using 得
- 5 Patterns Using 到
- 6 Patterns Using 又
- 7 Patterns Using 再
- 8 Patterns Using 了 with Percentages
- 9 Patterns Using 了 with 倍
- 10 Patterns Using 比
- 11 Patterns Using 给 with 涨工资
- 12 Patterns Using 了 with 涨工资
- 13 Sources and further reading
Structure for 上涨 / 下跌
Use 上涨 / 涨 or 下跌 / 跌 as intransitive verbs in this way:
Subj. + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ]
上涨 / 涨 and 下跌 / 跌 are intransitive verbs meaning they cannot take objects.
Common Phrases
These words are commonly used to talk about prices :
- 价格 上涨 price increase
- 房价 下跌 house price decrease
- 股价 上涨 stock price increase
- 物价 下跌 price drop
Example Sentences
- 中国的 房价 一直 在 上涨。 China's housing prices have been going up.
- 我 买 的 股票的 价格 上涨 了 2%。 The price of the stock I bought went up by 2%.
- 最近 物价 一直 在 下跌。 Recently, prices have been dropping.
- 成都的 房价 这个 季度 比 上个 季度 下跌 了 3%。 Home prices in Chengdu fell 3% this quarter compared to the previous quarter.
Word Order Exception for 涨
There are two very common fixed phrases that make 涨 feel like a transitive verb (one that takes an object):
- 涨价 (zhǎng jià), meaning “prices go up”
- 涨工资 (zhǎng gōngzī), meaning “salary goes up.”
Example Sentences
- 你们 又 涨 价 了。 You have increased the price again.
- 老板 给 我 涨 工资 了。 The boss gave me a raise in salary.
- 那 我 也 要 涨 工资。 Then I want to raise my salary, too.
Pattern Using 一直在
Structure
Subj. + 一直在 + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ]
More advanced learners can also substitute 一直在 for 不断 (or even use both together). We won’t focus on the more advanced pattern here.
Subj. + (一直在 +) 不断 + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ]
Example Sentences
- 最近 2 个 月 农产品 的 价格 一直 在 上涨。 The prices of agricultural products have been rising for the last 2 months.
- 今年 汽车的 价格 一直 在 下跌。 The price of cars has been falling this year.
- 上海的 物价 最近 一直 在 上涨。 Prices in Shanghai have been going up recently.
- 这 几 年 的 房价 一直 在 上涨 Housing prices have been rising over the past few years.
- 我 买的 这 支 股票 一直 在 下跌。 This stock I bought has been falling.
Patterns Using 得
Structure
Subj. + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ] + 得 + [ 很快 / 慢 / 厉害 ]
Example Sentences
- 物价 上涨 得 太 快,不 是 一 件 好 事情。 Prices are rising too fast, and that's not a good thing.
- 今年 这 支 股票 下跌 得 很 慢。 This stock has fallen very slowly this year.
- 今年 黄金的 价格 上涨 得 很 慢。 The price of gold has risen very slowly this year.
- 今年 物价 上涨 得 厉害。 This year, prices have risen sharply.
- 2018 年 的 房价 上涨 得 很 快。 Housing prices have risen very quickly in 2018.
Patterns Using 到
Structure
Subj. + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ] + 到
Example Sentences
- 这个 小镇的 地价 从 原来的 4000 多 元 一 亩 上涨 到 每 亩 6000 元。 The price of land in this town has risen from over $4,000 an acre to $6,000 per acre.
- 猪肉的 价格 从 年初的 9 元 一 斤 下跌 到 7 元 左右。 The price of pork has dropped from $9 a catty at the beginning of the year to about $7.
- 原油的 价格 上涨 到 每 桶 70 美元。 The price of crude oil rose to $70 per barrel.
- 市场 价格 下跌 到 一定 水平 后 不 再 上涨。 The market price drops to a certain level and then does not rise again.
- 石油 公司的 股票 价格 从 3 美元 上涨 到 15 美元。
Patterns Using 又
Structure
Subj. + 又 + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ] + 了
Example Sentences
- 和 上 个 月 比,物价 又 上涨 了。 Compared to last month, prices have gone up again.
- 北京的 房价 又 上涨 了。 Beijing's housing prices have risen again.
- 这 两 天,人民币 又 下跌 了! In the past two days, the Yuan has fallen again!
- 石油 价格 又 上涨 了,油价 下跌 很 难。 Oil prices have gone up again, and it's hard for oil prices to go down.
- 根据 数据 显示,大豆 价格 又 下跌 了。 According to the data, soybean prices have fallen again.
Patterns Using 再
Structure
Subj. + 再 + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ]
Example Sentences
- 我 觉得 下半年 房价 还 会 再 上涨。 I think housing prices will go up again in the second half of the year.
- 如果 猪肉的 价格 再 上涨,真 吃不起 猪肉 了。 If the price of pork goes up again, we really can't afford to eat pork.
- 经过 我的 分析,这 支 股票 还 会 再 上涨。 After my analysis, this stock will go up again.
- 最近 炒 黄金 炒得 厉害,不知道 金价 还 会 不 会 再 上涨? Recently, the speculation in gold is very strong, I wonder if the gold price will rise again?
- 国内 和 国际 市场 都 不 想 让 石油 价格 再 上涨。 Both domestic and international markets do not want oil prices to rise any further.
Patterns Using 了 with Percentages
Structure
Subj. + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ] + 了 + X%
Example Sentences
- 今年 南京 市 的 房价 下跌 了 1%。 House prices in Nanjing have fallen by 1% this year.
- 这 支 股票 今天 下跌 了 5%。 This stock fell 5% today.
- 阿里巴巴 上市 后,第一 天 就 上涨 了 3%。 Alibaba rose 3% on its first day of trading.
- 9月,中国 物价 上涨 了 3%,肉价 上涨 了 46.9%。 In September, prices in China rose by 3% and meat prices rose by 46.9%.
- 2013年 全球 酒店的 平均 价格 上涨 了 3%。 The average price of hotels worldwide increased by 3% in 2013.
Patterns Using 了 with 倍
Structure
Subj. + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ] + 了 + Number + 倍
Example Sentences
- 日本 全国 平均 土地 价格 上涨 了 1 倍。 Japan's national average land price has increased by a factor of 1.
- 生产 汽车 需要 的 钢材 几乎 上涨 了 2 倍。 The steel needed to produce automobiles has increased almost twofold.
- 近 10 年 来 钢铁 投资 上涨 了 4 倍 左右。 Steel investment has risen about fourfold in the last 10 years.
- 鸡蛋 价格 上涨 了 3%,但是 成本 却 上涨 了 三 四 倍。 The price of eggs has gone up by 3%, but the cost has gone up three or four times.
- 黑色 金属的 价格 上涨 了 30 倍。 The price of ferrous metals has risen 30 times.
Patterns Using 比
Structure
Time + 比 + Time + [ 上涨 / 下跌 ] + 了 + Number [ % / 倍 ]
Example Sentences
- 成都的 房价 这个 季度 比 上 个 季度 上涨 了 2 倍。 House prices in Chengdu have increased twofold this quarter compared to the previous quarter.
- 石油的 价格 今年 比 去年 上涨 了 5 倍。 The price of oil has risen fivefold this year compared to last year.
- 今年 黄金的 价格 和 去年 比,下跌 了 5%。 This year, the price of gold has fallen by 5% compared to last year.
- 这 支 股票 今天 比 昨天 上涨 了 1%。 The stock is up 1% today compared to yesterday.
- 2007 年 下半年,中国的 进口 商品 价格 比 上半年 下跌 了 4.1%。 In the second half of 2007, China's import prices fell by 4.1% compared to the first half of the year.
Patterns Using 给 with 涨工资
Structure
给 + Person + 涨工资
Example Sentences
- 老板 给 我 涨 工资 了。 My boss gave me a pay raise.
- 如果 老板 不 给 我 涨 工资,我 就 辞职。 If my boss doesn't give me a pay raise, I'll quit.
- 我 希望 能 给 他 涨 工资。 I would like to give him a pay raise.
Patterns Using 了 with 涨工资
Structure
涨 + 了 + Number + 的 + 工资
Example Sentences
- 今年 老板 给 我 涨 了 一 千 块的 工资。 This year, my boss gave me a $1,000 pay raise.
- 根据 规定,公司 每年 给 你 涨 5% 的 工资。 As a rule, the company gives you a 5% salary increase every year.
Sources and further reading
Websites
- 老师,“我的苹果是你的一倍”啥意思? (微信公众号)
- Expressing "multiples" with "bei" (Chinese Grammar Wiki)