Difference between revisions of "A2 grammar points"

 
(68 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
"A2" is the second level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
+
[[File:A2-book-grbg.png|800px|link=http://amzn.to/2iioVRP]]
 +
<!-- [[File:Grammar course 600.jpg|600px|link=A2 Grammar Course]]
 +
[[File:Grammar-Course-3.png|800px|link=https://www.allsetlearning.com/courses?category=Grammar&utm_source=GramWiki&utm_medium=banner]] -->
  
== Verbs ==
+
'''"A2" (Elementary)''' is the second level used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is [[A2 grammar points with HSK|roughly equivalent to '''HSK Levels 2-3''']].
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
+
There are '''{{#ask: [[Level::A2]] | format=count }}''' total grammar points in the list below.
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Negative Commands Using "''bu yao''" || 不要 + V || <span class="liju"><em>不要</em> 说话 ! <em>不要</em> 打 我 !</span>
 
|-
 
|Negative Commands Using "''bie''" || 别 + V || <span class="liju">别过来!别听她的。</span>
 
|-
 
|Verb Reduplication || V + V || <span class="liju">你看看。我考虑考虑。</span>
 
|-
 
|Verb Reduplication with "''yi''" || V + 一 + V || <span class="liju">我看一看。你试一试。</span>
 
|-
 
|Auxiliary Verb "''hui''" for "Will" || 会 + V || <span class="liju">明天你会来吗?</span>
 
|-
 
|Auxiliary Verb "''yao''" and its Multiple Meanings || 要 + V || <span class="liju">明天要工作吗?</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing "Would Like to" with "''xiang''" || 想 + V || <span class="liju">我想去。我很想买车!</span>
 
|-
 
|Auxiliary Verb "''yinggai''" for "Should" || 应该 / 该 + V / Adj || <span class="liju">你应该工作。</span>
 
|-
 
|Verbs with "''gei''" || 给…… + V / V + 给…… || <span class="liju">打电话给她。我给你打电话。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing "With" with "''gen''" || 跟…… + V || <span class="liju">我跟你去。不要跟我说话!</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing "Together" with "''yiqi''" || 一起 + V || <span class="liju">我们一起去吧!要不要一起吃饭?</span>
 
|-
 
|Special Verbs with "''hen''" || 很 + V || <span class="liju">我很喜欢。她很会说话。</span>
 
|-
 
|Using "''zai''" with Verbs || Subj. + 在 + Place + V || <span class="liju">我在上海工作。</span>
 
|-
 
|Special uses of "''zai''" Following Verbs || V + 在 + Place || <span class="liju">我住在北京。放在这里。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing Action in Progress || (正)在 + V || <span class="liju">我在看书。他正在吃饭。</span>
 
|-
 
|Special Uses of the Verb "''lai''" || 来⋯⋯ || <span class="liju">让我来吧。</span>
 
|-
 
|"Easy to" do Something || 好 + V || <span class="liju">好做。好买。</span>
 
|-
 
|"Difficult to" do Something || 难 + V || <span class="liju">难做。难买。</span>
 
|-
 
|"(To Go) to" a Place || 到 + Place || <span class="liju">你到哪儿?</span>
 
|-
 
|Verbs that Take Double Objects || Verb + Object1 + Object2 || <span class="liju">你有没有问她为什么?</span>
 
|-
 
|Inability with "''mei banfa''" || 没办法 + V || <span class="liju">我没办法帮你。</span>
 
|}
 
  
== Time ==
+
== Parts of Speech ==
 +
These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.
 +
{{Print POS|A2}}
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
+
== Grammatical Structures ==
|-
+
These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
+
{{Print Structure|A2}}
|-
 
|Time Words and Word Order || Subj. + Time… / Time + Subj…. || <span class="liju">我明天有空。/ 明天我有空。</span>
 
|-
 
|From… to… || 从…… 到…… || <span class="liju">从1号到5号我在上海。</span>
 
|-
 
|"Before" in General || 以前,…… || <span class="liju">以前,我不会中文。</span>
 
|-
 
|"In the Future" in General || 以后,…… || <span class="liju">以后,你不要问我。</span>
 
|-
 
|"Before" a Specific Time || Time + 以前 || <span class="liju">10点以前,我在家。</span>
 
|-
 
|"After" a Specific Time || Time + 以后 || <span class="liju">10点以后,我不在家。</span>
 
|-
 
|Talking about "When" Something Happens || ……的时候 || <span class="liju">你在的时候,我很开心。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing Duration || [Verb Phrase] + [Duration] (+ 了) || <span class="liju">他在北京住了两年。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing Duration of Inaction || [Duration] + 没 + [Verb Phrase] ) (+ 了) || <span class="liju">他已经三天没洗澡了。</span>
 
|}
 
  
== Particles ==
+
== Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points ==
 +
What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.
 +
{{Print Comparisons|A2}}
  
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
+
== See Also ==
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|The Sentence-Final Interjection "''a''" || ……啊! || <span class="liju">你好啊!对啊!是啊!</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing Completion with "''le''" || V + 了 || <span class="liju">她去了北京。</span>
 
|-
 
|Softening Speech with "''ba''" || ……吧。 || <span class="liju">这样不太好吧。</span>
 
|-
 
|Conceding with "''ba''" || ……吧。 || <span class="liju">那好吧。</span>
 
|}
 
  
== Question Forms ==
+
* The next level is: [[B1 grammar points]]
 
+
* For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
+
* This list in French: [http://www.chine-informations.com/mandarin/grammaire/RGLA2 Grammaire chinoise niveau A2]
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Questions with "''le ma''" || ……了 + 吗? || <span class="liju">北京去了吗?</span>
 
|-
 
|Asking "Why" with "''zenme''" || 怎么……? || <span class="liju">你怎么没来?</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Adjectives and Adverbs ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Modifying Nouns with Adjectives and "''de''" || Adj + 的 + N || <span class="liju">漂亮的衣服。好看的书。</span>
 
|-
 
|Modifying Nouns with Phrases and "''de''" || [Phrase] + 的 + N || <span class="liju">去北京的火车。今天来的人。</span>
 
|-
 
|"Both"… "And"… with "''you''" || 又…… 又…… || <span class="liju">他又高又帅。老师又漂亮又聪明。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing "a little (too)" with "''you yidian(r)''" || <span class="liju">有一点(儿) + Adj || 我有一点儿冷。他有一点饿。</span>
 
|-
 
|Asking about Degree with "''duo''" || 多 + Adj? || <span class="liju">他多高?外面多冷?</span>
 
|-
 
|Using "''duo''" as an Intensifier || 多 + Adj || <span class="liju">多好!外面多舒服!</span>
 
|-
 
|Continuation with "''hai''" to mean "Still" || 还 + V / Adj || <span class="liju">你还在看书?现在还早。</span>
 
|-
 
|Moderating Positive Adjectives with "''hai''" || 还 + Adj || <span class="liju">还可以。还好。</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Connectors ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Expressing "But" in Two Ways || ……,但是 / 可是…… || <span class="liju">我喜欢,但是我不要买。</span>
 
|-
 
|Expressing "And" with "''he''" || N1 + 和 + N2 || <span class="liju">你和她。</span>
 
|-
 
|Explaining Causes with "''yinwei''" || ……,因为… || <span class="liju">我不喜欢汉字,因为很难记。</span>
 
|-
 
|Explaining Results with "''suoyi''" || ……,所以… || <span class="liju">我不学汉字,所以觉得中文很难。</span>
 
|-
 
|"Or" in Non-Questions || ...或者… || <span class="liju">我想去青岛或者南京。</span>
 
|-
 
|The Filler Word "''neige''" || ……那个…… || <span class="liju">我喜欢吃那个,那个……</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Numbers and Measure Words ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Ordinal Numbers || 第 + Number (+ MW) || <span class="liju">这是第三课。</span>
 
|-
 
|Counting Money || Number + 块/元 (+ Number + 毛/角) (+ 钱) || <span class="liju">给你五块三毛。</span>
 
|-
 
|Approximating with Sequential Numbers || Number + [Number +1] || <span class="liju">三四个人。一两天。</span>
 
|-
 
|Measure Words for Counting || Number + MW + N || <span class="liju">一个人。一杯水。</span>
 
|-
 
|Measure Words in Quantity Questions || 几 + MW (+ N) ? || <span class="liju">几个人?几杯水?</span>
 
|-
 
|Measure Words to Differentiate || 这 / 那 + MW (+ N) || <span class="liju">那个人。这杯水。</span>
 
|-
 
|Pronoun "''mei''" for "Every" || 每 + MW (+ N) || <span class="liju">每个人。每次。每天。</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
== Comparisons ==
 
 
 
{| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
 
|-
 
! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
 
|-
 
|Making Basic Comparisons with "''bi''" || N1 + 比 + N2 + Adj || <span class="liju">你比我胖。</span>
 
|-
 
|Making Basic Comparisons with "''meiyou''" || N1 + 没有 + N2 + Adj || <span class="liju">你没有他胖。</span>
 
|-
 
|Making Basic Comparisons with "''yiyang''" || N1 + 跟 + N2 + 一样 + Adj || <span class="liju">我跟你一样高。</span>
 
|}
 
  
 
[[Category:Levels]]
 
[[Category:Levels]]

Latest revision as of 02:34, 18 November 2021

A2-book-grbg.png

"A2" (Elementary) is the second level used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 2-3.

There are 99 total grammar points in the list below.

Parts of Speech

These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.

Adjectives

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Negative adjectives with "-si le" Adj. + 死了 我 今天 累 死了

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Approximations with "chabuduo" Subj. + 差不多 我们 的 中文 水平 差不多
Emphasizing quantity with "dou" 大家 / 很多人 + 都⋯⋯ 很 多 地方 有 wifi。
Expressing actions in progress with "zai" (正) 在 + Verb 我们 正在 吃饭。
Expressing "all along" with "yizhi" Subj. + 一直 + Predicate 一直 在 现在 的 公司 工作。
Expressing "already" with "yijing" 已经⋯⋯了 已经
Expressing "always" with "zongshi" 总是 + Verb 总是 迟到。
Expressing "and also" with "hai" 还 + Verb 她 有 一个 弟弟, 有 一个 妹妹。
Expressing "just" with "gang" Subj. + 刚 + Verb 走。
Expressing "only" with "zhi" 只 + Verb 有 一个 妹妹。
Expressing "then" with "jiu" 就 + Verb Phrase 我们 现在 有 时间, 去吧。
Negative commands with "bie" 别 + Verb 走。
Simultaneous tasks with "yibian" 一边 + Verb 1 (,) 一边 + Verb 2 不要 一边 说话 ,一边 吃 东西。

Adverbs with Adjectives

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Asking about degree with "duo" Subj. + 多 + Adj. ? 高?
Basic comparisons with "yiyang" Noun 1 + 跟 / 和 + Noun 2 + 一样 + Adj. 一样 高 。
Expressing "a little too" with "you dian" 有点(儿) + Adj. 有点 饿 。
Expressing "both A and B" with "you" 又⋯⋯ 又⋯⋯ 帅。
Expressing distance with "li" Place 1 + 离 + Place 2 + Adv. + 近 / 远 我 家 大学 很 近。
Expressing "even more" with "geng" 更 + Adj. 我 想 找 一个 有钱 的 男朋友。
Expressing "not very" with "bu tai" 不太 + Adj. 不太 高兴 。我 不太 喜欢。
Expressing "really" with "zhen" 真 + Adj. 你 女朋友 漂亮 。
Intensifying with "duo" Subj. + 多 + Adj. 好!外面 舒服!
Moderating positive adjectives with "hai" 还 + Adj. 可以。 好。
Modifying nouns with adjective + "de" Adj. + 的 + Noun 好喝 的 啤酒 / 可爱 的 宝宝
Modifying nouns with phrase + "de" Phrase + 的 + Noun 去 北京 火车。今天 来 人。
Superlative "zui" 最 + Adj. (+ 了) 有钱 ?

Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "or" in statements ⋯⋯或者⋯⋯ 我 想 去 青岛 或者 南京。
Expressing "with" with "gen" 跟⋯⋯ + Verb 你 要 我 一起 去 吗?
The filler word "neige" ⋯⋯那个⋯⋯ 那个⋯⋯你 可以 做 我 的 女 朋友 吗?
Two words for "but" ……,可是 / 但是…… 我 喜欢 他,可是/但是 他 不 喜欢 我。

Nouns

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
After a specific time with "yihou" Time / Verb + 以后 10点 以后 ,我 不 在 家。
Before a specific time with "yiqian" Time / Verb + 以前 十 点 以前,我 在 家。
Expressing "before" in general with "yiqian" 以前,⋯⋯ 以前,我 不 会 说 中文。
Expressing "just now" with "gangcai" 刚才 + Verb 刚才 什么 了?
Expressing "when" with "de shihou" ⋯⋯的时候 你 不在 的 时候,我 会 想 你。
In the future in general with "yihou" 以后,⋯⋯ 以后,你 不要 问 我。
Time words and word order Subj. + Time⋯⋯ / Time + Subj.⋯⋯ 明天 有 空。/ 明天 我 有 空。

Numbers

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Approximating with sequential numbers Number 1 + Number 2 三 四个 人。一 两 天。
Big numbers in Chinese Number + 万 / 亿
Structure of times (advanced) Number 1 + 点(钟) + Number 2 + 分 现在 十一点十八分

Numbers and Measure Words

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Using "ji" to mean "several" 几 + Measure Word + Noun 桌子 上 有 本 书。

Particles

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Change of state with "le" ⋯⋯了 我 25 岁
Conceding with "ba" ⋯⋯吧 那 好
Expressing "already" with just "le" Subj. + Verb Phrase + 了 你 应该 问 老师 。我 问
Expressing completion with "le" Subj. + Verb + 了 + Obj. 我 吃 两 个 苹果。
Expressing experiences with "guo" Verb + 过 我 去 中国 。
Expressing "not anymore" with "le" 不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了 想 吃
Expressing "now" with "le" New Situation + 了 吃饭
Modal particle "ne" ⋯⋯呢 ? 我 不 要 回家 。还 早
Sentence-final interjection "a" ⋯⋯啊 !谁
Softening speech with "ba" ⋯⋯吧 这样 不 太 好
Structural particle "de" 的 / 得 / 地 红色的车,跑得很快,慢慢地走
Using "guo" with "le" Verb + 过 + 了 她 吃

Prepositions

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Basic comparisons with "bi" Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. 我 胖 。
Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…" 从⋯⋯到⋯⋯ 1 号 5 号 我 在 上海。

Verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Basic comparisons with "meiyou" Noun 1 + 没(有) + Noun 2 + Adj. 没有 我 胖 。
Directional verbs "lai" and "qu" 来 / 去 + Place 上海 一 年 了。
Polite requests with "qing" 请 + Verb 坐 。

Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings 要 + Noun / 要 + Verb 一 杯 水。
Expressing "should" with "yinggai" 应该 / 该 + Verb 应该 工作。
Expressing "will" with "hui" 会 + Verb 明天 你 来 吗?
Expressing "would like to" with "xiang" 想 + Verb 去。

Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Actions in a row (Verb Phrase 1) + (Verb Phrase 2) 我们 咖啡店 咖啡 吧。
Expressing "difficult" with "nan" 难 + Verb 做。 买。
Expressing duration with "le" Verb + 了 + Duration 他 在 北京 住 了 两 年
Expressing "never" with "conglai" 从来 + 不 / 没(有) + Verb 从来 不 喝酒。我 从来 没有 美国。
Expressing ongoing duration with double "le" Verb + 了 + Duration + 了 他 在 北京 住 了 两 年 了
Expressing "together" with "yiqi" 一起 + Verb 我们 一起 去 吧!要 不 要 一起 吃饭?
Inability with "mei banfa" 没办法 + Verb 没 办法 帮 你。
Indicating location with "zai" before verbs Subj. + 在 + Place + Verb 上海 工作。
Reduplication of verbs Verb + Verb 看看
Special cases of "zai" following verbs Verb + 在 + Place 我 住 北京。放 这里。
Special verbs with "hen" 很 + Verb 喜欢 他。
Using "dao" to mean "to go to" 到 + Place 上海。
Using "hao" to mean "easy" 好 + Verb 做。 买。
Verbing briefly with "yixia" Verb + 一下 看 一下
Verbs that take double objects Subj. + Verb + Indirect Obj. + Direct Obj. 了 老师 一 个 问题。

Grammatical Structures

These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.

Complements

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Potential complement "-bu dong" for not understanding Verb + 不懂 我 听不
Result complements "-dao" and "-jian" Verb + 到 / 见 了 吗 ?
Result complement "-wan" for finishing Verb + 完 (+ 了) 我 说 了。

Noun Phrases

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Expressing "some" with "yixie" 一些 + Noun 这里 有 一些 咖啡。
Using "youde" to mean "some" 有的 + Noun 派对的时候,有的人在喝酒,有的人在跳舞,还有的人在聊天。

Numbers and Measure Words

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Counting money Number + 块 / 元 (+ Number + 毛 / 角) (+ 钱) 给 你 五
Expressing "every" with "mei" 每 + Measure Word (+ Noun) 个 人。 天。
Expressing "half" with "ban" Number + Measure Word + 半 + Noun 三 个 小时
Measure words for counting Number + Measure Word + Noun 人。一 水。
Measure words in quantity questions 几 + Measure Word (+ Noun) ? 人?
Measure words with "this" and "that" 这 / 那 + Measure Word (+ Noun) 人。这 水。
Ordinal numbers with "di" 第 + Number (+ Measure Word) 你 是 我 的 第 一 朋友。

Question Forms

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Asking how something is with "zenmeyang" ⋯⋯怎么样? 你 最近 怎么样
Asking why with "zenme" 怎么⋯⋯? 怎么 没 来?
Questions with "le ma" Verb + 了 + 吗? 你 吃饭 了 吗

Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi" 因为⋯⋯ 所以⋯⋯ 因为 饿 了,所以 吃饭。
Expressing "about to happen" with "le" 快 + Verb / Adj. + 了 下雨
Expressing "everything" with "shenme dou" 什么 + 都 / 也⋯⋯ 爸爸 什么 都 知道。
Expressing location with "zai... shang / xia / li" 在 + Place + 上 / 下 / 里 / 旁边 你 的 手机 桌子
Expressing "stop doing" with "bie… le" 别 + Verb + 了 ,烦 死了 。

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Comparing "bu" and "mei" 不 vs 没 我 今天 晚上 吃饭。昨天 晚上 我 吃饭。

Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English) Pattern Examples
Comparing "yao" and "xiang" 要 vs 想 一 杯 水 。 我 你 。

See Also