Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)
(Redirected from A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法))
A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) by 李德津, 程美珍
外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》是在原版基础之上的修订本。修订者根据学生和教师使用该书的情况以及对外汉语教学的发展,对原书进行了重要的、有价值的增删,使其得到了进一步的完善.《外国人实用汉语语法》初版于1988年,出版以来多次重印,产生了比较广泛的影响。《外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》语法讲解简明、细致、清晰,注重用简略的语言作直截了当的说明;内容方面,除了介绍最基本最实用的语法规则之外,还专门从对外汉语教学的角度出发,设立了“表示比较的方法”和“表示强调的方法”等较为实用的章节,使阅读和查找都非常方便;体例方面,每一节中都有一项“使用……要注意的问题”,具有很强的针对性;表格和例句(包括用于对比的错句)的编写非常充分、实用。《外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》既可用做汉语学习者的汉语语法教科书,也可用作日常学习查阅的语法手册。书中所有讲解都配有英语翻译,另配有练习册。
Contents
- 1 Grammar Points by Chapter
- 1.1 Chapter One Introduction
- 1.2 Chapter Two Parts of Speech
- 1.3 Chapter Three Phrases
- 1.4 Chapter Four Sentence Elements
- 1.5 Chapter Five: The Simple Sentence
- 1.6 Chapter Six: Aspects of an Action
- 1.7 Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates
- 1.8 Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison
- 1.9 Chapter Nine: Ways of Expressing Emphasis
- 1.10 Chapter Ten: Complex Sentences
- 1.11 Appendix I: Grammatical Terms
- 1.12 Appendix II: Reference Books
- 2 Grammar Point References to This Book
Grammar Points by Chapter
Chapter One Introduction
Chapter Two Parts of Speech
- Words
- Classification of words
- Conversion of parts of speech
- Section I Nouns
- Section II Verbs
- Section III Auxiliary verbs
- Section IV Adjectives
- Section V Numerals
- Section VI Measure words
- Section VII Pronouns
- Section VIII Adverbs
- Section IX Prepositions
- Section X Conjunctions
- Section XI Particles
- Section XII Interjections
- Section XIII Onomatopes
- Table 1: Relationships Between the Parts of Speech
and the Elements of a Sentence
Chapter Three Phrases
- Phrases
- Classification of phrases
- The basis for classifying phrases
- Section I The coordinative phrase
- Section II The Subject – Predicate phrase
- Section III The Verb – Object phrase
- Section IV The endocentric phrase
- Section V The Numeral – Measure word phrase
- Section VI The complementary phrase
- Section VII The phrase of locality
- Section VIII The appositive phrase
- Section IX The set phrase
- Section X The prepositional phrase
- Section XI The 的- phrase
- Table 2: Phrases and Their Functions
Chapter Four Sentence Elements
- Section I The subject
- Section II The predicate
- Section III The object
- Section IV The attributive
- Section V Adverbial adjuncts
- Section VI Complements
- Table 3: Relationship of Different Parts of Speech and
Phrases with Complements of Different Kinds
Chapter Five: The Simple Sentence
- Definition
- The basic structure of the simple sentence
- Functions of the simple sentence
- The classification of sentences
Part One: Classification of sentences in terms of structure
- Section I Sentences with verbal predicates
- Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates
- Section III Sentences with nominal predicates
- Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate
- Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence
- Section V The subjectless sentence
- Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence
- Section VII The elliptical sentence
- Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence
Part Two: Classification of sentences in terms of function
- Section VIII The declarative sentence
- Section IX The interrogative sentence
- Table 6: The Five Types of Questions
- Section X The imperative sentence
- Section XI The exclamatory sentence
- Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function
Chapter Six: Aspects of an Action
- Definition
- Common ways to indicate the aspect of an action
- Section I The progressive aspect of an action
- Section II The continuous aspect of an action
- Section III The perfect aspect of an action
- Section IV The changing aspect of an action
- Section V Actions as past experience
- Table 8 The five aspects of an action
Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates
- Section I The 是-sentence
- Section II The 有-sentence
- Section III The 把-sentence
- Section IV The 被-sentence
- Section V Sentences with verbal constructions in series
- Section VI Pivotal sentences
- Section VII Existential sentences
- Table 9: Sentences with Special Verb Predicates
Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison
- Section I: Using 比 to express comparison
- Section II: Using 跟 to express comparison
- Section III: Using 有 to express comparison
- Section IV: Using 像 to express comparison
- Section V: Using 不如 to express comparison
- Section VI: Using 越来越 to express comparison
- Table 10: Six Ways of Expressing Comparison
Chapter Nine: Ways of Expressing Emphasis
- Section I Using interrogative pronouns to express emphasis
- Section II Using 连….都(也)to express emphasis
- Section III Using the adverb 是 to express emphasis
- Section IV Using the adverb 就 to express emphasis
- Section V Using double negation to express emphasis
- Section VI Using 是….的 to express emphasis
- Table 11: Six Ways to Express Emphasis
Chapter Ten: Complex Sentences
- Definition
- Grammatical features
- Types of complex sentences
- Section I Coordinate complex sentences
- Section II Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives
- Section III Subordinate complex sentences
- Section IV Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives
- Section V The contracted sentence
Appendix I: Grammatical Terms
Appendix II: Reference Books
Grammar Point References to This Book
- pp. 104-5 Expressing "then…" with "name" (B1)
- pp. 106 Tag questions with "ma" (A1)
- pp. 106 Using the verb "qu" (A1)
- pp. 108 Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi" (A2)
- pp. 112-13 Expressing "would like to" with "xiang" (A2)
- pp. 113 Separable verb (B1)
- pp. 126-28 Simple "noun + adjective" sentences (A1)
- pp. 126 Expressing "all at once" with "yixiazi" (B1)
- pp. 126 Verbing briefly with "yixia" (A2)
- pp. 128 Alternative existential sentences (B1)
- pp. 128 Expressing location with "zai... shang / xia / li" (A2)
- pp. 128 Indicating location with "zai" before verbs (A2)
- pp. 129 Suggestions with "ba" (A1)
- pp. 137-9, 208 Expressing completion with "le" (A2)
- pp. 137-9 Comparing "bu" and "mei" (A2)
- pp. 138-9 Negation of past actions with "meiyou" (A1)
- pp. 139 Expressing lateness with "cai" (B1)
- pp. 154-5 Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings (A2)
- pp. 154-5 Comparing "yao" and "xiang" (A2)
- pp. 154 Verbs preceded by "gei" (B1)
- pp. 155 Negative commands with "bie" (A2)
- pp. 164-5 Expressing "must" with "dei" (B1)
- pp. 164-5 Expressing concern with "kongpa" (B2)
- pp. 165 Direction complement (B1)
- pp. 180-1 Expressing "excessively" with "tai" (A1)
- pp. 182-3 Verbs that take double objects (A2)
- pp. 183-4 Expressing "a little too" with "you dian" (A2)
- pp. 183 Ordinal numbers with "di" (A2)
- pp. 191, 233 Modifying nouns with adjective + "de" (A2)
- pp. 191 How to do something with "zenme" (A1)
- pp. 205-6 Time words and word order (A2)
- pp. 206-7 Events in quick succession with "yi... jiu..." (B1)
- pp. 207-8 Actions in a row (A2)
- pp. 207 Simultaneous tasks with "yibian" (A2)
- pp. 209-10 Expressing actions in progress with "zai" (A2)
- pp. 218-9 Expressing "except" and "in addition" with "chule… yiwai" (B1)
- pp. 219-20 Comparing "hui" "neng" "keyi" (B1)
- pp. 219-20 Expressing a learned skill with "hui" (A1)
- pp. 22-3 Using the verb "xing" (A1)
- pp. 23-4 Questions with "ne" (A1)
- pp. 231 Wanting to do something with "yao" (A1)
- pp. 232-3 Measure words for counting (A2)
- pp. 233-4 Counting money (A2)
- pp. 233 Asking about degree with "duo" (A2)
- pp. 24-5 Using the verb "jiao" (A1)
- pp. 244 Basic comparisons with "yiyang" (A2)
- pp. 245 Expressing "although" with "suiran" and "danshi" (B1)
- pp. 257-8 Comparing "haishi" and "huozhe" (B1)
- pp. 257-8 Expressing "or" in statements (A2)
- pp. 258-9 Comparing "zai" and "you" (B2)
- pp. 258-9 Sequencing with "xian" and "zai" (B1)
- pp. 259-60 Comparing "haishi" and "huozhe" (B1)
- pp. 259-60 Expressing "had better" with "haishi" (B1)
- pp. 260 Topic-comment sentences (B1)
- pp. 267-8 Expressing "about to happen" with "le" (A2)
- pp. 267-8 Expressing "about to" with "jiuyao" (B1)
- pp. 267 Expressing "every time" with "mei" and "dou" (B1)
- pp. 29-30 Advanced yes-no questions with "ma" (B1)
- pp. 29-30 Yes-no questions with "ma" (A1)
- pp. 29 Connecting nouns with "shi" (A1)
- pp. 31-2 The "also" adverb "ye" (A1)
- pp. 31-2 Using "ye" and "dou" together (B1)
- pp. 31 Comparing "bu" and "mei" (A2)
- pp. 31 Standard negation with "bu" (A1)
- pp. 45-6 Measure word "ge" (A1)
- pp. 45 Expressing possession with "de" (A1)
- pp. 46 Placement of question words (A1)
- pp. 53-4 The "all" adverb "dou" (A1)
- pp. 53-4 Using "ye" and "dou" together (B1)
- pp. 53 Comparing "er" and "liang" (A1)
- pp. 53 Expressing existence with "you" (A1)
- pp. 53 Expressing possession with "you" (A1)
- pp. 70-1 Structure of numbers (A1)
- pp. 72 Structure of days of the week (A1)
- pp. 73-4 Structure of dates (A1)
- pp. 74-5 Structure of times (basic) (A1)
- pp. 76-7, 257-8 Comparing "haishi" and "huozhe" (B1)
- pp. 76-7, 257-8 Offering choices with "haishi" (A1)
- pp. 76 Basic sentence order (A1)
- pp. 76 Expressing close possession without "de" (A1)
- pp. 86, 102-4 Affirmative-negative question (A1)
- pp. 87 Expressing "and also" with "hai" (A2)
- pp. 87 Expressing "only" with "zhi" (A2)