Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)

A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) by 李德津, 程美珍

外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》是在原版基础之上的修订本。修订者根据学生和教师使用该书的情况以及对外汉语教学的发展，对原书进行了重要的、有价值的增删，使其得到了进一步的完善.《外国人实用汉语语法》初版于1988年，出版以来多次重印，产生了比较广泛的影响。《外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》语法讲解简明、细致、清晰，注重用简略的语言作直截了当的说明；内容方面，除了介绍最基本最实用的语法规则之外，还专门从对外汉语教学的角度出发，设立了“表示比较的方法”和“表示强调的方法”等较为实用的章节，使阅读和查找都非常方便；体例方面，每一节中都有一项“使用……要注意的问题”，具有很强的针对性；表格和例句（包括用于对比的错句）的编写非常充分、实用。《外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》既可用做汉语学习者的汉语语法教科书，也可用作日常学习查阅的语法手册。书中所有讲解都配有英语翻译，另配有练习册。

Grammar Points by Chapter

Chapter Two Parts of Speech

• Words
• Classification of words
• Conversion of parts of speech
• Section I Nouns
• Section II Verbs
• Section III Auxiliary verbs
• Section IV Adjectives
• Section V Numerals
• Section VI Measure words
• Section VII Pronouns
• Section VIII Adverbs
• Section IX Prepositions
• Section X Conjunctions
• Section XI Particles
• Section XII Interjections
• Section XIII Onomatopes
• Table 1: Relationships Between the Parts of Speech

and the Elements of a Sentence

Chapter Three Phrases

• Phrases
• Classification of phrases
• The basis for classifying phrases
• Section I The coordinative phrase
• Section II The Subject – Predicate phrase
• Section III The Verb – Object phrase
• Section IV The endocentric phrase
• Section V The Numeral – Measure word phrase
• Section VI The complementary phrase
• Section VII The phrase of locality
• Section VIII The appositive phrase
• Section IX The set phrase
• Section X The prepositional phrase
• Section XI The 的- phrase
• Table 2: Phrases and Their Functions

Chapter Four Sentence Elements

• Section I The subject
• Section II The predicate
• Section III The object
• Section IV The attributive
• Section V Adverbial adjuncts
• Section VI Complements
• Table 3: Relationship of Different Parts of Speech and

Phrases with Complements of Different Kinds

Chapter Five: The Simple Sentence

• Definition
• The basic structure of the simple sentence
• Functions of the simple sentence
• The classification of sentences

Part One: Classification of sentences in terms of structure

• Section I Sentences with verbal predicates
• Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates
• Section III Sentences with nominal predicates
• Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate
• Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence
• Section V The subjectless sentence
• Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence
• Section VII The elliptical sentence
• Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence

Part Two: Classification of sentences in terms of function

• Section VIII The declarative sentence
• Section IX The interrogative sentence
• Table 6: The Five Types of Questions
• Section X The imperative sentence
• Section XI The exclamatory sentence
• Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function

Chapter Six: Aspects of an Action

• Definition
• Common ways to indicate the aspect of an action
• Section I The progressive aspect of an action
• Section II The continuous aspect of an action
• Section III The perfect aspect of an action
• Section IV The changing aspect of an action
• Section V Actions as past experience
• Table 8 The five aspects of an action

Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates

• Section I The 是-sentence
• Section II The 有-sentence
• Section III The 把-sentence
• Section IV The 被-sentence
• Section V Sentences with verbal constructions in series
• Section VI Pivotal sentences
• Section VII Existential sentences
• Table 9: Sentences with Special Verb Predicates

Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison

• Section I: Using 比 to express comparison
• Section II: Using 跟 to express comparison
• Section III: Using 有 to express comparison
• Section IV: Using 像 to express comparison
• Section V: Using 不如 to express comparison
• Section VI: Using 越来越 to express comparison
• Table 10: Six Ways of Expressing Comparison

Chapter Nine: Ways of Expressing Emphasis

• Section I Using interrogative pronouns to express emphasis
• Section II Using 连….都（也）to express emphasis
• Section III Using the adverb 是 to express emphasis
• Section IV Using the adverb 就 to express emphasis
• Section V Using double negation to express emphasis
• Section VI Using 是….的 to express emphasis
• Table 11: Six Ways to Express Emphasis

Chapter Ten: Complex Sentences

• Definition
• Grammatical features
• Types of complex sentences
• Section I Coordinate complex sentences
• Section II Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives
• Section III Subordinate complex sentences
• Section IV Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives
• Section V The contracted sentence

Grammar Point References to This Book

• pp. 101 Suggestions with "ba", 66 ()
• pp. 108 The "all" adverb "dou", 53-4 ()
• pp. 14, 110, 162 Direction complement, 118 ()
• pp. 141-4 Comparing "bu" and "mei", 137-9 ()
• pp. 149-50 Topic-comment sentences, 260 ()
• pp. 14 Using the verb "jiao", 24-5 ()
• pp. 170 Verbs preceded by "gei", 154 ()
• pp. 24, 67 Questions with "ne", 49 ()
• pp. 32, 100 Structure of numbers, 70-1 ()
• pp. 42 Basic sentence order, 10 ()
• pp. 477-484 Actions in a row, 207-8 ()
• pp. 50, 114 Structure of dates, 73-4 ()
• pp. 50 Using the verb "qu", 106 ()
• pp. 58 Measure word "ge", 21-2 ()
• pp. 59 Counting money, 88-9 ()
• pp. 60 Tag questions with "ma", 144-45 ()
• pp. 83 Using the verb "xing", 22-3 ()
• pp. 83 Separable verb, 208 ()
• pp. 98 The "also" adverb "ye", 31-2 ()