|
|
| (14 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | == Meanings in General ==
| + | #REDIRECT [[Comparing "hui," "neng," "keyi"]] |
| − | | |
| − | === 会 ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Positive sentences ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | Ability, acquired skill, required by learning
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *我妈妈真会做饭。- My mum really knows how to cook.
| |
| − | *他会说汉语。- He can speak chinese.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Possibility in general
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *春节的时候，大家都会吃饺子。During the spring festival, everybody would be eating dumplings.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Future
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *他不会来。- He will not come.
| |
| − | *明年一定会很顺利。- Next year will be succesfull.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Negative sentences ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | I do not know how to
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *我不会喝酒。 - I do not know how to drink (Used as only “acceptable” reason why to say no to an invitation for a drink)
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | === 能 ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Positive sentences ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | Physical ability, skill, inborn ability,
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *她能把桌子搬到他办公室里。- He can move his table to his office.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Loose or regain certain ability (It is not possible to use 会 or 可以 in this sentence)
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 他的手受伤了，不能打篮球。- He hurt his hand, he can not play basketball. </li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 他的手受伤了，不可以打篮球。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> － 他的手好了，能打篮球了。- His hand is OK now, he can play basketball again. </li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> － 他的手好了，会打篮球了。</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Expressing possibility (in sense of something permitted by objective conditions)
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *明天晚上你能来吗？ - Will you be able to come tomorrow evening?
| |
| − | *对不起，我现在不能过去。- I am sorry, I can not come now.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Negative sentences ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | Can not
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *她到底爱不爱你，我不能告诉你。- If she loves you or doesn’t, I really can not tell you.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | === 可以 ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Positive sentences ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | Physical ability, knowladge base ability
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *她已经四岁，可以开始学英语。- She is already fout years old, she can start to learn english.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Permision
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *我妈妈说我可以嫁给你。- My mum says, I can marry you.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Can - something can be possibly caused as a result
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *学习外语可以扩大你的视野。- Studing foreign languages can expand you horizons.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Negative sentences ====
| |
| − | | |
| − | Prohibition, not allowed
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *你太年轻，你不可以喝酒。- You are too young, you can not drink alcohol.
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Main differences ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | 会 - can be used also as a verb by itself, others can not:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 这样做，我不会。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 我样做，我不能。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 这样做，我不可以。</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | 会 - can be followed also by complement or object, others can not:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | <li class="o"> 你会什么？</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 你能什么？</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 你可以什么？</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </dev>
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | Only 能，可以 can express a certain level of efficiency
| |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 他的朋友很能吃，他一分钟能吃掉12个包子。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 他的朋友很能吃，他一分钟会吃掉12个包子。</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | 可以，会 can serve also as predicade
| |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 这样说也可以。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 他会乐器。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 这样说也能。</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | 会 and 能 can be modified with intensificators
| |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 他很会跳舞。</li>
| |
| − | <li class"o"> 他很能吃苦 </li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 他很可以跳舞 </li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </dev>
| |
| − | | |
| − | 能／可以 - express possesion of skills in general/permission and prohibition. 能emphasizes ability, 可以 possibility
| |
| − | | |
| − | 能／会 When they express “being good at doing something”, 会 emphasizes „skilll“, 能 emphasizes „ability“:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *他很会吃，你想知道哪里有好吃的，他就知道在哪儿可以买到。－ He knows how to eat, you want to eat something delicious, he will know where to buy it. (Skillful)
| |
| − | *他很能吃，给他10碗米饭吃，也吃不饱。- He really can eat, you can give him 10 bowls of rice, but ho will still not be full. (can eat a lot)
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Common rules ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | None of them can be followed by 了，着 or 过.
| |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o"> 他会做饭。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x">他会过做饭。</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | We can use the modal verb solo, to answer the question, but not the lexical verb solo.
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Question:
| |
| − | *你明天会来吗？（不是“回来”，是“会来”）
| |
| − | *Answer:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o">会！</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x"> 来！</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | Modal verbs should be used before prepositional phrases and descriptive adverbial modifiers:
| |
| − | | |
| − | <div class="liju">
| |
| − | | |
| − | <ul>
| |
| − | <li class="o">对 － 你应该把课本再看一次，看完以后再来考试。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x">错 － 你把课本应该再看一次， 看完以后再来考试。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="o">对 － 他们得努力地读一读。</li>
| |
| − | <li class="x">错 － 他们努力地得读一读。</li>
| |
| − | </ul>
| |
| − | | |
| − | </div>
| |
| − | | |
| − | == See also ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | == Sources and further reading ==
| |
| − | | |
| − | === Books ===
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp.69 - 75, 224) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (pp. 160) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 10 - 12)[http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp. 142-144) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
| |
| − | | |
| − | * [[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册)]] (pp. 239 - 244) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
| |
| − | | |
| − | [[Category:A2 grammar points]]
| |
