Difference between revisions of "Expressing "with" with "gen""
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{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | Using 跟 (gēn) to express "with" is so simple and helpful, after studying it briefly, it will always be ''with'' you! 跟 (gēn) is a very common word that will help complete many sentence structures. | + | Using 跟 (gēn) to express "with" is so simple and helpful, after studying it briefly, it will always be ''with'' you! 跟 (gēn) is a very common word that will help complete many other sentence structures. |
| − | + | == Structure == | |
The preposition 跟 (gēn) is commonly used to express "with." Just remember that the "with" phrase comes ''before the verb''. | The preposition 跟 (gēn) is commonly used to express "with." Just remember that the "with" phrase comes ''before the verb''. | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | |||
Subj. + 跟 + Person + Verb + Obj. | Subj. + 跟 + Person + Verb + Obj. | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
The word 一起 (yīqǐ) is used a lot with 跟 (gēn), expressing the idea of "doing something ''together with'' somebody." It may seem kind of redundant, but it's totally normal in Chinese to use both. | The word 一起 (yīqǐ) is used a lot with 跟 (gēn), expressing the idea of "doing something ''together with'' somebody." It may seem kind of redundant, but it's totally normal in Chinese to use both. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Also, for most of the examples below, 跟 (gēn) is interchangeable with 和 (hé), which you may remember, also means "[[and]]," just like 跟 (gēn) does. | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | |||
Subj. + 跟 + Person + 一起 + Verb + Obj. | Subj. + 跟 + Person + 一起 + Verb + Obj. | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
Certain Chinese [[verb]]s use 跟 (gēn) a lot, so be on the lookout for them (examples below)! | Certain Chinese [[verb]]s use 跟 (gēn) a lot, so be on the lookout for them (examples below)! | ||
| − | + | == Examples == | |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *我 昨天 <em>跟</em> 朋友 <strong>去</strong> 海滩 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān <em>gēn</em> péngyou <strong> qù </strong> hǎitān le.</span><span class="trans">I went to the beach with friends yesterday.</span> |
| − | * | + | *不要 <em>跟</em> 我 <strong>说话</strong>！<span class="pinyin">Bùyào <em>gēn</em> wǒ <strong>shuōhuà</strong>!</span><span class="trans">Don't talk to me!</span> |
| − | * | + | *我 明天 要 <em>跟</em> 新 客户 <strong>见面</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ míngtiān yào <em>gēn</em> xīn kèhù <strong>jiànmiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I'm going to meet new clients tomorrow.</span> |
| − | * | + | *你 什么 时候 <em>跟</em> 你 女朋友 <strong>结婚</strong>？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shénme shíhou <em>gēn</em> nǐ nǚpéngyou <strong>jiéhūn</strong>?</span><span class="trans">When are you gonna marry your girlfriend?</span> |
| − | * | + | *你 喜欢 <em>跟</em> 你 父母 <strong>聊天</strong> 吗？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xǐhuan <em>gēn</em> nǐ fùmǔ <strong>liáotiān</strong> ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you like to talk with your parents?</span> |
| − | * | + | *你 想 <em>跟</em>我 <strong>一起 去</strong> 吗？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng <em>gēn</em> wǒ <strong>yīqǐ qù</strong> ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you want to go with me?</span> |
| − | * | + | *请 你们 <em>跟</em> 老师 <strong>一起 读</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng nǐmen <em>gēn</em> lǎoshī <strong>yīqǐ dú</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Please read together with the teacher.</span> |
| − | * | + | *下 周 谁 <em>跟</em>老板 <strong>一起 出差</strong>？<span class="pinyin">Xià zhōu shéi <em>gēn</em> lǎobǎn <strong>yīqǐ chūchāi</strong>?</span><span class="trans">Who is going on a business trip together with the boss next week?</span> |
| − | * | + | *结婚 以后，你 想 <em>跟</em> 父母 <strong>一起 住</strong> 吗？<span class="pinyin">Jiéhūn yǐhòu, nǐ xiǎng <em>gēn</em> fùmǔ <strong>yīqǐ zhù</strong> ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you want live together with your parents after you get married?</span> |
| − | * | + | *今年 中秋节 你 会 <em>跟</em> 家人<strong> 一起 过 </strong> 吗？<span class="pinyin">Jīnnián Zhōngqiūjié nǐ huì <em>gēn</em> jiārén <strong>yīqǐ guò</strong> ma?</span><span class="trans"> Are you going to spend this Mid-Autumn Festival with your family?</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | '''Note:''' One of the most common beginner mistakes is to fail to use 跟 (gēn) with 见面 (jiànmiàn), "to meet." It might help to think of 见面 (jiànmiàn) as "to meet ''with'' (somebody)," the "with" cluing you into the fact that you need a 跟 (gēn) in there. | + | '''Note:''' One of the most common beginner mistakes is to fail to use 跟 (gēn) with 见面 (jiànmiàn), "to meet." It might help to think of 见面 (jiànmiàn) as "to meet ''with'' (somebody)," the "with" cluing you into the fact that you need a 跟 (gēn) in there. The verbs 结婚 (jiéhūn), "to marry," and 聊天 (liáotiān), "to chat" are used with 跟 (gēn) in the exact same way. |
Check out the examples below: | Check out the examples below: | ||
| Line 48: | Line 46: | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
<li class="x">我 要 <strong>见面</strong> 你。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <strong>jiànmiàn </strong> nǐ.</span></li> | <li class="x">我 要 <strong>见面</strong> 你。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <strong>jiànmiàn </strong> nǐ.</span></li> | ||
| − | <li class="o">我 要 <em>跟</em> 你 <strong>见面</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <em>gēn</em> nǐ <strong>jiànmiàn </strong>. </span><span class="trans">I want to meet | + | <li class="o">我 要 <em>跟</em> 你 <strong>见面</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <em>gēn</em> nǐ <strong>jiànmiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I want to meet with you.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="x">我 昨天 <strong>见面</strong> 他 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān <strong>jiànmiàn </strong> tā le. </span></li> | + | <li class="x">我 昨天 <strong>见面</strong> 他 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> tā le.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="o">我 昨天 <em>跟</em> 他 <strong>见面</strong> 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān <em>gēn</em> tā <strong>jiànmiàn </strong> le. </span><span class="trans">I met with him yesterday. </span></li> | + | <li class="o">我 昨天 <em>跟</em> 他 <strong>见面</strong> 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ zuótiān <em>gēn</em> tā <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> le.</span><span class="trans">I met with him yesterday.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="x">你 什么时候 <strong>见面</strong> 她 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shénme shíhou <strong>jiànmiàn </strong> tā? </span></li> | + | <li class="x">你 什么时候 <strong>见面</strong> 她 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shénme shíhou <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> tā?</span></li> |
| − | <li class="o">你 什么时候 <em>跟</em> 她 <strong>见面</strong> ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shénme shíhou <em>gēn</em> tā <strong>jiànmiàn </strong>? </span><span class="trans">When are you going to meet | + | <li class="o">你 什么时候 <em>跟</em> 她 <strong>见面</strong> ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shénme shíhou <em>gēn</em> tā <strong>jiànmiàn</strong>? </span><span class="trans">When are you going to meet with her?</span></li> |
| − | <li class="x">明天 我 要<strong>见面</strong> 我 男朋友 的 家人。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ yào <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> wǒ nánpéngyou de jiārén. </span></li> | + | <li class="x">明天 我 要 <strong>见面</strong> 我 男朋友 的 家人。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ yào <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> wǒ nánpéngyou de jiārén.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="o">明天 我 要 <em>跟</em> 我 男朋友 的 家人 <strong>见面</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ yào <em>gēn</em> wǒ nánpéngyou de jiārén <strong>jiànmiàn</strong>. </span><span class="trans">Tomorrow I am going to meet my boyfriend's family. </span></li> | + | <li class="o">明天 我 要 <em>跟</em> 我 男朋友 的 家人 <strong>见面</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ yào <em>gēn</em> wǒ nánpéngyou de jiārén <strong>jiànmiàn</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Tomorrow I am going to meet my boyfriend's family.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="x">你 有没有 <strong>见面</strong> 过 Obama? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> | + | <li class="x">你 有没有 <strong>见面</strong> 过 Obama?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <strong>jiànmiàn</strong> guo Obama?</span></li> |
| − | <li class="o">你 有没有 <em>跟</em> Obama <strong> | + | <li class="o">你 有没有 <em>跟</em> Obama <strong>见 过 面</strong>？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yǒu méiyǒu <em>gēn</em> Obama <strong>jiàn guo miàn</strong>?</span><span class="trans">Have you ever met Obama?</span></li> |
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | Later on you'll learn more about [[separable verb|why this is the case]], but for now just memorize the correct pattern. | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Where 和 (hé) and 跟 (gēn) Differ == | ||
| + | |||
| + | We mentioned earlier that 跟 (gēn) is essentially interchangeable with 和 (hé). There's at least one common usage where this is not the case, though: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <ul> | ||
| + | <li class="x"><strong>和</strong> 我 读 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hé</strong> wǒ dú.</span></li> | ||
| + | <li class="o"><em>跟</em> 我 读 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Gēn</em> wǒ dú.</span><span class="trans">Read after me.</span></li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | The reason is that although 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé) can both mean "and" or "with," the word 跟 (gēn) also has a sense of "to follow" embedded in it. There's a before/after aspect. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The following sentences are both correct, because they're simultaneous rather than before/after: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <ul> | ||
| + | <li class="o"><strong>和</strong> 我 <strong>一起</strong> 读。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hé</strong> wǒ <strong>yīqǐ</strong> dú.</span></li> | ||
| + | <li class="o"><em>跟</em> 我 <strong>一起</strong> 读。<span class="pinyin"><em>Gēn</em> wǒ <strong>yīqǐ</strong> dú.</span><span class="trans">Read with me.</span></li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | Because of this slight difference between 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé), it's recommended to start out using 跟 (gēn) to mean "with." | |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | |||
*[[Expressing "together" with "yiqi"]] | *[[Expressing "together" with "yiqi"]] | ||
*[[Verbs with "gei"]] | *[[Verbs with "gei"]] | ||
| Line 75: | Line 100: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] |84-88}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1]] |166-167}} | |
[[Category:A2 grammar points]] | [[Category:A2 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|跟|A2| | + | {{HSK|HSK3}} |
| + | {{Basic Grammar|跟|A2|跟⋯⋯ + Verb|你 要 <em>跟</em> 我 一起 去 吗？|grammar point|ASGSZ0HP}} | ||
{{Similar|Expressing "together" with "yiqi"}} | {{Similar|Expressing "together" with "yiqi"}} | ||
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}} | {{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:52, 2 April 2019
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
Using 跟 (gēn) to express "with" is so simple and helpful, after studying it briefly, it will always be with you! 跟 (gēn) is a very common word that will help complete many other sentence structures.
Contents
Structure
The preposition 跟 (gēn) is commonly used to express "with." Just remember that the "with" phrase comes before the verb.
Subj. + 跟 + Person + Verb + Obj.
The word 一起 (yīqǐ) is used a lot with 跟 (gēn), expressing the idea of "doing something together with somebody." It may seem kind of redundant, but it's totally normal in Chinese to use both.
Also, for most of the examples below, 跟 (gēn) is interchangeable with 和 (hé), which you may remember, also means "and," just like 跟 (gēn) does.
Subj. + 跟 + Person + 一起 + Verb + Obj.
Certain Chinese verbs use 跟 (gēn) a lot, so be on the lookout for them (examples below)!
Examples
- 我 昨天 跟 朋友 去 海滩 了。I went to the beach with friends yesterday.
- 不要 跟 我 说话！Don't talk to me!
- 我 明天 要 跟 新 客户 见面。I'm going to meet new clients tomorrow.
- 你 什么 时候 跟 你 女朋友 结婚？When are you gonna marry your girlfriend?
- 你 喜欢 跟 你 父母 聊天 吗？ Do you like to talk with your parents?
- 你 想 跟我 一起 去 吗？ Do you want to go with me?
- 请 你们 跟 老师 一起 读。Please read together with the teacher.
- 下 周 谁 跟老板 一起 出差？Who is going on a business trip together with the boss next week?
- 结婚 以后，你 想 跟 父母 一起 住 吗？Do you want live together with your parents after you get married?
- 今年 中秋节 你 会 跟 家人 一起 过 吗？ Are you going to spend this Mid-Autumn Festival with your family?
Note: One of the most common beginner mistakes is to fail to use 跟 (gēn) with 见面 (jiànmiàn), "to meet." It might help to think of 见面 (jiànmiàn) as "to meet with (somebody)," the "with" cluing you into the fact that you need a 跟 (gēn) in there. The verbs 结婚 (jiéhūn), "to marry," and 聊天 (liáotiān), "to chat" are used with 跟 (gēn) in the exact same way.
Check out the examples below:
- 我 要 见面 你。
- 我 要 跟 你 见面。I want to meet with you.
- 我 昨天 见面 他 了。
- 我 昨天 跟 他 见面 了。I met with him yesterday.
- 你 什么时候 见面 她 ？
- 你 什么时候 跟 她 见面 ？When are you going to meet with her?
- 明天 我 要 见面 我 男朋友 的 家人。
- 明天 我 要 跟 我 男朋友 的 家人 见面。Tomorrow I am going to meet my boyfriend's family.
- 你 有没有 见面 过 Obama?
- 你 有没有 跟 Obama 见 过 面？Have you ever met Obama?
Later on you'll learn more about why this is the case, but for now just memorize the correct pattern.
Where 和 (hé) and 跟 (gēn) Differ
We mentioned earlier that 跟 (gēn) is essentially interchangeable with 和 (hé). There's at least one common usage where this is not the case, though:
- 和 我 读 。
- 跟 我 读 。Read after me.
The reason is that although 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé) can both mean "and" or "with," the word 跟 (gēn) also has a sense of "to follow" embedded in it. There's a before/after aspect.
The following sentences are both correct, because they're simultaneous rather than before/after:
- 和 我 一起 读。
- 跟 我 一起 读。Read with me.
Because of this slight difference between 跟 (gēn) and 和 (hé), it's recommended to start out using 跟 (gēn) to mean "with."
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide ]] (pp. 84-88) [ →buy] Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide | ]]84-88␞Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide ␞Expressing "with" with "gen"| ]]
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 ]] (pp. 166-167) [ →buy] Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 | ]]166-167␞Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 ␞Expressing "with" with "gen"| ]]
