Difference between revisions of "Indicating the whole with "quan""

 
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One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a ''whole'' household, an ''entire'' country, the ''whole'' world, etc.
 
One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a ''whole'' household, an ''entire'' country, the ''whole'' world, etc.
  
== Structure ==
+
== Used before Noun ==
  
The structure is quite simple, just put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 国 (country), 世界 (world), 家 (family), 天 (day), 球 (the globe), and the like.  
+
=== Structure ===
 +
 
 +
Simply put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day) and the like.
 +
 
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
全 + Noun + 都 + Predicate
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*我们 <em>全</em> 家 <em>都</em> 去 过 北京 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>quán</em> jiā <em>dōu</em> qù guo Běijīng.</span><span class="trans">Our entire family has been to Beijing.</span>
 +
*<em>全</em> 公司 的 人 <em>都</em> 不 喜欢 新 老板 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Quán</em> gōngsī de rén <em>dōu</em> bù xǐhuan xīn lǎobǎn.</span><span class="trans">The whole company doesn't like the new boss.</span>
 +
*运动 完 以后 我 <em>全</em> 身 <em>都</em> 是 汗 。<span class="pinyin">Yùndòng wán yǐhòu wǒ <em>quán</em> shēn <em>dōu</em> shì hàn.</span><span class="trans">My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising.</span>
 +
*<em>全</em> 校 <em>都</em> 放假 了 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Quán</em> xiào <em>dōu</em> fàngjià le.</span><span class="trans">The whole school is on break.</span>
 +
*这个 地方 <em>全</em> 年 <em>都</em> 很 热 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège dìfang <em>quán</em> nián <em>dōu</em> hěn rè.</span><span class="trans">This place is hot all year round.</span>
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
== Used before Predicate ==
 +
 
 +
=== Affirmative Form ===
 +
 
 +
Before a verb 全 can be omitted, but if it is used, the purpose is to emphasize the idea of "all" or "entire."
 +
 
 +
==== Structure ====
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 全都 + Predicate
 +
</div>
 +
 +
==== Examples ====
 +
 +
<div class="liju">
  
+ Noun
+
*大家 <em></em> <em>都</em> 到 了。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> dào le.</span><span class="trans">Everybody has arrived.</span>
 +
*奶奶 的 头发 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 白 了。<span class="pinyin">Nǎinai de tóufà <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bái le.</span><span class="trans">All of grandma's hair has turned white.</span>
 +
*我 妈妈 做 的 菜 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 好吃 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ māma zuò de cài <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">All of the food that my mother makes is tasty.</span>
 +
*作业 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 做 完 了 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Zuòyè <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> zuò wán le ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you finished all your homework?</span>
 +
*你 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 拿 走 吧。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> názǒu ba.</span><span class="trans">Take them all.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Examples ==
+
=== Negative Form: Total Negation ===
 +
 
 +
==== Structure ====
 +
 
 +
When you negate 全都 with 不 or 没 ''after'' it, you're not just saying "not entirely," you're saying "''none of it''" or "''not at all''."
 +
 
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 全都 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
==== Examples ====
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我们 <em>全</em>都 去 旅游 了。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>quán</em> jiā dōu qù lǚyóu le.</span><span class="trans">The entire family went traveling.</span>
+
*他们 <em>全</em> <em></em> 没 <span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> méi qù.</span><span class="trans">None of them went.</span>
* 请 你 读 一下 <em>全</em> 文。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng nǐ dú yīxià <em>quán</em> wén.</span><span class="trans">Please read the full text.</span>
+
*这个 周末 我们 <em>全</em> <em></em> 不 在 家 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège zhōumò wǒmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> zài jiā.</span><span class="trans">None of us will be home this weekend.</span>
* 明天 我 <em></em> 天 都 呆 在 家里。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒ <em>quán</em> tiān dōu dāi zài jiālǐ.</span><span class="trans">I am going to stay home all day tomorrow.</span>
+
*你们 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 不 怕 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bú pà ma?</span><span class="trans">Are none of you afraid?</span>
* 你 知道 <em>全</em> 国 有 几 个 省 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zhīdao <em>quán</em> guóyǒu jǐ gè shěng ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you know how many provinces the country has?</span>
+
*这些 菜 <em>全</em> <em></em> 没 熟 。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē cài <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> méi shú.</span><span class="trans">None of these dishes is fully cooked.</span>
* 现在 是 <em>全</em> 球 经济 发展 最 快 的 时候。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài shì <em>quán</em> qiú jīngjì fāzhǎn zuì kuài de shíhou.</span><span class="trans">The world economy is developing rapidly now.</span>
+
*他 的 话 我 <em>全</em> <em></em> 不 相信 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de huà wǒ <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> bù xiāngxìn.</span><span class="trans">I don't believe anything he says.</span>
* <em></em>世界 的 人 都 知道 我 是 谁,你 不 知道?<span class="pinyin"><em>Quán</em> shìjiè de rén dōu zhīdao wǒ shì shuí, nǐ bù zhīdao?</span><span class="trans">The whole world knows who I am. Don't you know?</span>
+
 
* <em>全</em> 公司 的 人 都 知道 经理 被 炒鱿鱼 了。<span class="pinyin"> <em>Quán</em> gōngsī de rén dōu zhīdao jīnglǐ bèi chǎo yóuyú le.</span><span class="trans">The whole company knew that the manager got fired.</span>
+
</div>
*  上海 市 政府 最近 做 了 一 个  <em></em> 民 健身 活动 的 调查。<span class="pinyin"> Shànghǎi shì zhèngfǔ zuìjìn zuò le yī gè <em>quán</em> mín jiànshēn huódòng​ de diàochá .</span><span class="trans">The city government of Shanghai recently did a survey about the national fitness program.</span>
+
 
* 保护 环境 不只 是 政府 的 责任,也是 <em>全</em> 社会 的 责任。<span class="pinyin"> Bǎohù huánjìng bù zhǐ shì zhèngfǔ de zérèn,gèng xūyào <em>quán</em> shèhuì de zérèn. </span><span class="trans"> It's not only the government's responsibility to protect the environment, but also the entire society.</span>
+
=== Negative Pattern: Partial Negation ===
 +
 
 +
==== Structure ====
 +
 
 +
When you negate by putting 不 or 没 ''before'' 全都, you're only ''partially'' negating. In other words, you're communicating "''not all''."
 +
 
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 不 / 没 + 全都 + Predicate
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
==== Examples ====
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
  
 +
*他 说 得 有 道理 ,但 我 不 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 同意 。<span class="pinyin">Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> tóngyì.</span><span class="trans">He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.</span>
 +
*菜 太 多 了 ,我们 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 吃完 。<span class="pinyin">Cài tài duō le, wǒmen méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> chī wán.</span><span class="trans">The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all.</span>
 +
*昨天 作业 太 多 了 ,我 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 做完 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān zuòyè tài duō le, wǒ méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> zuò wán.</span><span class="trans">I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all.</span>
 +
*我 的 家人 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de jiārén méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> lái cānjiā wǒ de hūnlǐ.</span><span class="trans">Not all of my family came to my wedding.</span>
 +
*你 说 得 太 快 了 , 我 没 <em>全</em> <em>都</em> 记 下来 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuō de tài kuài le, wǒ méi <em>quán</em> <em>dōu</em> jì xiàlái.</span><span class="trans">You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
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== See also ==
  
 
*[[Referring to "all" using "suoyou"]]
 
*[[Referring to "all" using "suoyou"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[现代汉语八百词]] (p.457) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001198GSW&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001198GSW →buy]
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{{Source|现代汉语八百词|457}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|全|B1|全 + Noun|我们 <em>全</em>家 都 去 旅游 了。|grammar point|ASGCPDSR}}
+
{{HSK|HSK4}}
 +
{{Basic Grammar|全|B1|全 + Noun|我们 <em>全</em> 家 都 去 旅游 了。|grammar point|ASGCPDSR}}
 
{{Rel char|都}}
 
{{Rel char|都}}
 
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}}   
 
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}}   
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{{Used for|Sentence Patterns}}
 
{{Used for|Sentence Patterns}}
 
{{POS|Adjectives}}
 
{{POS|Adjectives}}
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{{Translation|whole}}
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{{Translation|all}}

Latest revision as of 09:25, 15 April 2019

One of the uses of 全 (quán) is to indicate the entirety of something. It could be used for something like a whole household, an entire country, the whole world, etc.

Used before Noun

Structure

Simply put 全 in front of the noun you want to emphasize "the whole" of. You cannot use it with 的. Pay attention to the types of nouns you can use with 全, since it is usually paired up with 身 (body), 家 (family), 国 (country), 世界 (world), 天 (day) and the like.

全 + Noun + 都 + Predicate

The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • 我们 去 过 北京 。Wǒmen quán jiā dōu qù guo Běijīng.Our entire family has been to Beijing.
  • 公司 的 人 不 喜欢 新 老板 。Quán gōngsī de rén dōu bù xǐhuan xīn lǎobǎn.The whole company doesn't like the new boss.
  • 运动 完 以后 我 是 汗 。Yùndòng wán yǐhòu wǒ quán shēn dōu shì hàn.My whole body was sweaty after I finished exercising.
  • 放假 了 。Quán xiào dōu fàngjià le.The whole school is on break.
  • 这个 地方 很 热 。Zhège dìfang quán nián dōu hěn rè.This place is hot all year round.

Used before Predicate

Affirmative Form

Before a verb 全 can be omitted, but if it is used, the purpose is to emphasize the idea of "all" or "entire."

Structure

Subj. + 全都 + Predicate

Examples

  • 大家 到 了。Dàjiā quán dōu dào le.Everybody has arrived.
  • 奶奶 的 头发 白 了。Nǎinai de tóufà quán dōu bái le.All of grandma's hair has turned white.
  • 我 妈妈 做 的 菜 好吃 。Wǒ māma zuò de cài quán dōu hǎochī.All of the food that my mother makes is tasty.
  • 作业 做 完 了 吗 ?Zuòyè quán dōu zuò wán le ma?Have you finished all your homework?
  • 拿 走 吧。quán dōu názǒu ba.Take them all.

Negative Form: Total Negation

Structure

When you negate 全都 with 不 or 没 after it, you're not just saying "not entirely," you're saying "none of it" or "not at all."

Subj. + 全都 + 不 / 没 + Predicate

Examples

  • 他们 没 去 。Tāmen quán dōu méi qù.None of them went.
  • 这个 周末 我们 不 在 家 。Zhège zhōumò wǒmen quán dōu bú zài jiā.None of us will be home this weekend.
  • 你们 不 怕 吗 ?Nǐmen quán dōu bú pà ma?Are none of you afraid?
  • 这些 菜 没 熟 。Zhèxiē cài quán dōu méi shú.None of these dishes is fully cooked.
  • 他 的 话 我 不 相信 。Tā de huà wǒ quán dōu bù xiāngxìn.I don't believe anything he says.

Negative Pattern: Partial Negation

Structure

When you negate by putting 不 or 没 before 全都, you're only partially negating. In other words, you're communicating "not all."

Subj. + 不 / 没 + 全都 + Predicate

Examples

  • 他 说 得 有 道理 ,但 我 不 同意 。Tā shuō de yǒu dàolǐ, dàn wǒ bù quán dōu tóngyì.He has a point, but I don't agree with all of it.
  • 菜 太 多 了 ,我们 没 吃完 。Cài tài duō le, wǒmen méi quán dōu chī wán.The food was too much. We didn't finish eating it all.
  • 昨天 作业 太 多 了 ,我 没 做完 。Zuótiān zuòyè tài duō le, wǒ méi quán dōu zuò wán.I had too much homework yesterday. I didn't finish doing it all.
  • 我 的 家人 没 来 参加 我 的 婚礼 。Wǒ de jiārén méi quán dōu lái cānjiā wǒ de hūnlǐ.Not all of my family came to my wedding.
  • 你 说 得 太 快 了 , 我 没 记 下来 。Nǐ shuō de tài kuài le, wǒ méi quán dōu jì xiàlái.You spoke too fast. I didn't write down all of what you said.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books