Difference between revisions of "Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)"
| Line 50: | Line 50: | ||
==Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330== | ==Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330== | ||
| − | *Definition | + | *Definition |
| − | *The basic structure of the simple sentence | + | *The basic structure of the simple sentence |
| − | *Functions of the simple sentence | + | *Functions of the simple sentence |
| − | *The classification of sentences | + | *The classification of sentences |
===Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334=== | ===Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334=== | ||
| − | *Section I Sentences with verbal predicates | + | *Section I Sentences with verbal predicates |
| − | *Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates | + | *Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates |
| − | *Section III Sentences with nominal predicates | + | *Section III Sentences with nominal predicates |
| − | *Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate | + | *Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate |
| − | *Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence | + | *Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence |
| − | *Section V The subjectless sentence | + | *Section V The subjectless sentence |
| − | *Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence | + | *Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence |
| − | *Section VII The elliptical sentence | + | *Section VII The elliptical sentence |
| − | *Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence | + | *Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence |
===Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365=== | ===Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365=== | ||
| − | *Section VIII The declarative sentence | + | *Section VIII The declarative sentence |
| − | *Section IX The interrogative sentence | + | *Section IX The interrogative sentence |
| − | *Table 6: The Five Types of Questions | + | *Table 6: The Five Types of Questions |
| − | *Section X The imperative sentence | + | *Section X The imperative sentence |
| − | *Section XI The exclamatory sentence | + | *Section XI The exclamatory sentence |
| − | *Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function | + | *Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function |
==Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403== | ==Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403== | ||
Revision as of 09:36, 9 November 2011
Contents
- 1 Chapter One Introduction …………………….....................................................1
- 2 Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11
- 3 Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155
- 4 Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228
- 5 Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330
- 6 Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403
- 7 Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445
- 8 Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510
- 9 Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557
- 10 Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583
- 11 Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646
- 12 Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652
Chapter One Introduction …………………….....................................................1
Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11
- Words
- Classification of words
- Conversion of parts of speech
- Section I Nouns
- Section II Verbs
- Section III Auxiliary verbs
- Section IV Adjectives
- Section V Numerals
- Section VI Measure words
- Section VII Pronouns
- Section VIII Adverbs
- Section IX Prepositions
- Section X Conjunctions
- Section XI Particles
- Section XII Interjections
- Section XIII Onomatopes
- Table 1: Relationships Between the Parts of Speech
and the Elements of a Sentence
Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155
- Phrases
- Classification of phrases
- The basis for classifying phrases
- Section I The coordinative phrase
- Section II The Subject – Predicate phrase
- Section III The Verb – Object phrase
- Section IV The endocentric phrase
- Section V The Numeral – Measure word phrase
- Section VI The complementary phrase
- Section VII The phrase of locality
- Section VIII The appositive phrase
- Section IX The set phrase
- Section X The prepositional phrase
- Section XI The 的- phrase
- Table 2: Phrases and Their Functions
Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228
- Section I The subject
- Section II The predicate
- Section III The object
- Section IV The attributive
- Section V Adverbial adjuncts
- Section VI Complements
- Table 3: Relationship of Different Parts of Speech and
Phrases with Complements of Different Kinds ...
Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330
- Definition
- The basic structure of the simple sentence
- Functions of the simple sentence
- The classification of sentences
Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334
- Section I Sentences with verbal predicates
- Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates
- Section III Sentences with nominal predicates
- Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate
- Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence
- Section V The subjectless sentence
- Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence
- Section VII The elliptical sentence
- Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence
Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365
- Section VIII The declarative sentence
- Section IX The interrogative sentence
- Table 6: The Five Types of Questions
- Section X The imperative sentence
- Section XI The exclamatory sentence
- Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function
Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403
- Definition...................................................................................................................403
- Common ways to indicate the aspect of an action...............................................404
- Section I The progressive aspect of an action..............................................405
- Section II The continuous aspect of an action................................................414
- Section III The perfect aspect of an action.......................................................423
- Section IV The changing aspect of an action...................................................431
- Section V Actions as past experience.............................................................435
- Table 8: The Five Aspects of an Action..................................................................441
Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445
- Section I The 是-sentence................................................................................446
- Section II The 有-sentence................................................................................455
- Section III The 把-sentence................................................................................461
- Section IV The 被-sentence................................................................................470
- Section V Sentences with verbal constructions in series...............................477
- Section VI Pivotal sentences..............................................................................485
- Section VII Existential sentences........................................................................496
- Table 9: Sentences with Special Verb Predicates...............................................505
Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510
- Section I Using 比 to express comparison....................................................511
- Section II Using 跟 to express comparison....................................................525
- Section III Using 有 to express comparison....................................................531
- Section IV Using 像 to express comparison....................................................537
- Section V Using 不如 to express comparison................................................543
- Section VI Using 越来越 to express comparison............................................547
- Table 10: Six Ways of Expressing Comparison............................................551
Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557
- Section I Using interrogative pronouns to express emphasis....................558
- Section II Using 连….都（也）to express emphasis...................................562
- Section III Using the adverb 是 to express emphasis...................................566
- Section IV Using the adverb 就 to express emphasis...................................570
- Section V Using double negation to express emphasis...............................572
- Section VI Using 是….的 to express emphasis..............................................577
- Table 11: Six Ways to Express Emphasis.....................................................580
Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583
- Definition..................................................................................................................583
- Grammatical features..............................................................................................583
- Types of complex sentences..................................................................................586
- Section I Coordinate complex sentences.....................................................588
- Section II Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives.........................595
- Section III Subordinate complex sentences....................................................608
- Section IV Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives.......................617
- Section V The contracted sentence................................................................638
