Difference between revisions of "Hui, neng, and keyi"
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| − | == Meanings in General == | + | == 会 Meanings in General == |
| − | === | + | === Positive sentences === |
| − | ==== | + | ==== Ability, acquired skill, required by learning ==== |
| − | |||
| − | Ability, acquired skill, required by learning | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 14: | Line 12: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Possibility in general | + | ==== Possibility in general ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 22: | Line 20: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Future | + | ==== Future ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 32: | Line 30: | ||
| − | + | === Negative sentences === | |
| − | I do not know how to | + | ==== I do not know how to ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 43: | Line 41: | ||
| − | + | == 能 Meanings in General == | |
| − | + | === Positive sentences === | |
| − | Physical ability, skill, inborn ability | + | ==== Physical ability, skill, inborn ability ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 55: | Line 53: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Loose or regain certain ability | + | ==== Loose or regain certain ability ==== |
| + | |||
| + | It is not possible to use 会 or 可以 in this sentence) | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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<li class="o"> 他的手受伤了，不能打篮球。</li> | <li class="o"> 他的手受伤了，不能打篮球。</li> | ||
<li class="x"> 他的手受伤了，不可以打篮球。</li> | <li class="x"> 他的手受伤了，不可以打篮球。</li> | ||
| − | <li class="o"> | + | <li class="o"> 他的手好了，能打篮球了。</li> |
| − | <li class="x"> | + | <li class="x"> 他的手好了，会打篮球了。</li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Expressing possibility | + | ==== Expressing possibility ==== |
| + | |||
| + | in sense of something permitted by objective conditions) | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | |||
| − | Can not | + | === Negative sentences === |
| + | |||
| + | ==== Can not ==== | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 87: | Line 90: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | == 可以 Meanings in General == | |
| − | + | === Positive sentences === | |
| − | Physical ability, knowladge base ability | + | ==== Physical ability, knowladge base ability ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 99: | Line 102: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Permision | + | ==== Permision ==== |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 107: | Line 110: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Can | + | ==== Can ==== |
| + | |||
| + | Something can be possibly caused as a result | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| Line 115: | Line 120: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | === Negative sentences === | ||
| − | ==== | + | ==== Prohibition, not allowed ===== |
| − | |||
| − | |||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| Line 150: | Line 155: | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
| − | </ | + | </div> |
Only 能，可以 can express a certain level of efficiency | Only 能，可以 can express a certain level of efficiency | ||
| + | |||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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可以，会 can serve also as predicade | 可以，会 can serve also as predicade | ||
| + | |||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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会 and 能 can be modified with intensificators | 会 and 能 can be modified with intensificators | ||
| + | |||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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</ul> | </ul> | ||
| − | </ | + | </div> |
能／可以 - express possesion of skills in general/permission and prohibition. 能emphasizes ability, 可以 possibility | 能／可以 - express possesion of skills in general/permission and prohibition. 能emphasizes ability, 可以 possibility | ||
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None of them can be followed by 了，着 or 过. | None of them can be followed by 了，着 or 过. | ||
| + | |||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *你明天会来吗？ |
| − | |||
| − | |||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
Revision as of 07:08, 31 May 2012
Contents
会 Meanings in General
Positive sentences
Ability, acquired skill, required by learning
- 我妈妈真会做饭。
- 他会说汉语。
Possibility in general
- 春节的时候，大家都会吃饺子。
Future
- 他不会来。
- 明年一定会很顺利。
Negative sentences
I do not know how to
- 我不会喝酒。
能 Meanings in General
Positive sentences
Physical ability, skill, inborn ability
- 她能把桌子搬到他办公室里。
Loose or regain certain ability
It is not possible to use 会 or 可以 in this sentence)
- 他的手受伤了，不能打篮球。
- 他的手受伤了，不可以打篮球。
- 他的手好了，能打篮球了。
- 他的手好了，会打篮球了。
Expressing possibility
in sense of something permitted by objective conditions)
- 明天晚上你能来吗？
- 对不起，我现在不能过去。
Negative sentences
Can not
- 她到底爱不爱你，我不能告诉你。
可以 Meanings in General
Positive sentences
Physical ability, knowladge base ability
- 她已经四岁，可以开始学英语。
Permision
- 我妈妈说我可以嫁给你。
Can
Something can be possibly caused as a result
- 学习外语可以扩大你的视野。
Negative sentences
Prohibition, not allowed =
- 你太年轻，你不可以喝酒。
Main differences
会 - can be used also as a verb by itself, others can not:
- 这样做，我不会。
- 我样做，我不能。
- 这样做，我不可以。
会 - can be followed also by complement or object, others can not:
- 你会什么？
- 你能什么？
- 你可以什么？
Only 能，可以 can express a certain level of efficiency
- 他的朋友很能吃，他一分钟能吃掉12个包子。
- 他的朋友很能吃，他一分钟会吃掉12个包子。
可以，会 can serve also as predicade
- 这样说也可以。
- 他会乐器。
- 这样说也能。
会 and 能 can be modified with intensificators
- 他很会跳舞。
- 他很能吃苦
- 他很可以跳舞
能／可以 - express possesion of skills in general/permission and prohibition. 能emphasizes ability, 可以 possibility
能／会 When they express “being good at doing something”, 会 emphasizes „skilll“, 能 emphasizes „ability“:
- 他很会吃，你想知道哪里有好吃的，他就知道在哪儿可以买到。(Skillful)
- 他很能吃，给他10碗米饭吃，也吃不饱。(can eat a lot)
Common rules
None of them can be followed by 了，着 or 过.
- 他会做饭。
- 他会过做饭。
We can use the modal verb solo, to answer the question, but not the lexical verb solo.
- 你明天会来吗？
- 会！
- 来！
Modal verbs should be used before prepositional phrases and descriptive adverbial modifiers:
- 对 － 你应该把课本再看一次，看完以后再来考试。
- 错 － 你把课本应该再看一次， 看完以后再来考试。
- 对 － 他们得努力地读一读。
- 错 － 他们努力地得读一读。
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp.69 - 75, 224) →buy
- Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 10 - 12)→buy
- Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼) (pp. 142-144) →buy
- Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) (pp. 239 - 244) →buy
