Difference between revisions of "Bu and mei"

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#REDIRECT [[Comparing "bu" and "mei"]]
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==Usage of 没==
 
 
 
 
 
=== Negation of 有 only with 没 ===
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
* 我 <em>没</em> 有 自己 的 笔记本。<span class="expl"> "I don't have my own notebook."</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méi</em>yǒu zìjǐ de bǐjìběn.</span>
 
<ul>
 
<li class="x"> 我 <strong>不</strong>有 自己 的 笔记本。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>bù</strong> yǒu zìjǐ de bǐjìběn.</span></li>
 
</ul>
 
 
 
</div>
 
=== Exception ===
 
 
 
 
 
他没有名 = 他不有名 - not famous. The second is considered also correct, but it is not common.
 
 
 
It is not exception in full effect, because 有名 is an adjective, and not ver + object, as it is in the first example.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
===Past / Present===
 
 
 
 
 
我没买水果 - I didn't buy fruits.
 
 
 
我不买水果 - I don't (will not) buy fruits.
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
* 我 <em>没</em> 买 水果。<span class="expl"> "I didn't buy fruits."</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>méi</em> mǎi shuǐguǒ.</span>
 
* 我 <strong>不</strong>买 水果。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>bù</strong> mǎi shuǐguǒ.</span>
 
 
 
 
 
===Exceptions - complicated structures===
 
 
 
There are some exceptions when we talk about past, but we can not use 没.
 
 
 
For example, when there is a modal verb.
 
 
 
这部电影我一直没看完,因为昨天不想看,今天也不想看
 
 
When the action didnt actualy happen in the past
 
 
 
我昨天不开电脑因为它坏了 - I didn’t start my computer yesterdy, because it broke. (I didn't want to)
 
 
 
我昨天没开电脑因为它坏了。- I didn't start my computer yesterdy, because it broke. (I didn’t do it)
 
 
 
Words about feelings
 
 
 
对 - 我不爱你 (present)
 
 
 
对 - 我没爱过你 (past)
 
 
 
不对 - 我没爱你
 
 
 
"Love" is usualy accompanied only with 不,when it is accompanied with 没,we have to add 过 - the meaning is "I have never loved you"
 
 
 
 
 
Same with "喜欢“
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我不喜欢你 (present)
 
 
 
对 - 我没喜欢过你 (past)
 
 
 
不对 - 我没喜欢你
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Never experienced(过)
 
 
 
对 - 我还没去过美国 - I have never been to USA.
 
 
 
对 - 我还没去美国。- I still didn't go to USA (I am planning to go and I may have been there before)
 
 
 
错 - 我还不去过美国。
 
 
 
 
 
Have not finished(完)
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我还没有做完。
 
 
 
错 - 我还不做完
 
 
 
 
 
Future perfect
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 后天早上6点我还没起床 - After tomorow at 6 am i will not have got up yet.
 
 
 
错 - 后天早上6点我还不起床
 
 
 
对 - 你明天来吧!你来的时候我还没有出门 - Come tomorow! When will not leave until you come.
 
 
 
错 - 你明天来吧!你来的时候我还不有出门
 
 
 
 
 
Comparison
 
 
 
 
 
他没有她好 - he is not as good as she is
 
 
 
他不如她好 - he is not as good as she is
 
 
 
(如can not be accompanied with 没)
 
 
 
 
 
Complemets
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我看不到那么远的地方。- I can't not see such a far away place.
 
 
 
错 - 我看没到那么远的地方
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我听不到他们再说什么,他们离这里太远。I can not hear what they are talking, they are too far.
 
 
 
错 - 我听没到他们再说什么,他们离这里太远。
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 他什么都看不见。He doesn't see anything.
 
 
 
错 - 他什么都看没见。
 
 
 
对 - 他什么都听不见。He doesn't hear anything.
 
 
 
错 - 他什么都听没见。
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我吃不下。 - I can not eat anymore.
 
 
 
错 - 我吃没下。
 
 
 
对 - 我进不去。- I can not enter.
 
 
 
错 - 我进没去。
 
 
 
 
 
However when it refers to past, we can use 没,but with a different structure.
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我没有看到他们。I didnt see them.
 
 
 
错 - 我看没到他们。
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我从来没有听到过那么脏的话。I have never heard such a vulgar words.
 
 
 
错 - 我从来有听没到过那么脏的话。
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我昨天没看见你。I didn't see you yesterday.
 
 
 
错 - 昨天看没见你。
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我昨天上课的时候没听见老师说了什么。Yesterday during the class I didn't hear what was teacher saying.
 
 
 
错 - 我昨天上课的时候听没见老师说了什么。
 
 
 
 
 
Words only with 没
 
 
 
 
 
没关系,没事,没意思,没兴趣,
 
 
 
In Chinese they all represent "Not to have",however when it is translated to english it is a different meaning.
 
 
 
For. ex.: 没意思 - it means "boring" however in chinese it is something like "it doesnt have meaning"
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Usage of 不
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Some adjectives can be created only with 不
 
 
 
 
 
不容易,不高兴,不好
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 这个题目真不容易 - This issue is really not easy.
 
 
 
错 - 这个题目真没容易
 
 
 
 
 
Some adverbs can be created only with 不
 
 
 
 
 
不一定,不常常,不总是
 
 
 
对 - 我不一定能过去 - It is not sure that I will be able to come.
 
 
 
错 - 我没定能过去。
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Modal verbs can not be accompanied with 没, only with 不
 
 
 
 
 
不要,不会,不可以,不是
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我不想去那边。 I don't want to go there.
 
 
 
错 - 我没想去那边。
 
 
 
 
 
Exceptions:
 
 
 
没能 - we know the reasult of the event for sure
 
 
 
不能 - we do not know how did it end up, but at the time it was not possible
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 他昨天没能过来。 - He couldn't come yesterday. (and he really didn't come)
 
对 - 他昨天不能过来。- He couldn't come yesterday. (but he may have come in the end)
 
 
 
 
 
(没能 - shorter form of 没能够 (meaning of the expresson with 2 characters is not that strong as it is in the oroginal sentence)
 
 
 
 
 
没要 - 我爸爸给我钱,我没要。(my dad gave me money but i didnt want them)
 
 
 
 
 
不要 - 我爸爸给我钱,我不要。(my dad gave me money but i dont want them)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sentence with 了
 
 
 
了and 没 can never be in one sentence together
 
 
 
 
 
对 - 我没去 - I dind't go.
 
 
 
对 - 我不去了 - I don't want to go anymore.
 
 
 
错 - 我没去了
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negation of modal verbs: Modern mandarin chinese grammar - 73
 

Latest revision as of 09:14, 3 June 2016