Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)

Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11

• Words
• Classification of words
• Conversion of parts of speech
• Section I Nouns
• Section II Verbs
• Section III Auxiliary verbs
• Section IV Adjectives
• Section V Numerals
• Section VI Measure words
• Section VII Pronouns
• Section VIII Adverbs
• Section IX Prepositions
• Section X Conjunctions
• Section XI Particles
• Section XII Interjections
• Section XIII Onomatopes
• Table 1: Relationships Between the Parts of Speech

and the Elements of a Sentence

Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155

• Phrases
• Classification of phrases
• The basis for classifying phrases
• Section I The coordinative phrase
• Section II The Subject – Predicate phrase
• Section III The Verb – Object phrase
• Section IV The endocentric phrase
• Section V The Numeral – Measure word phrase
• Section VI The complementary phrase
• Section VII The phrase of locality
• Section VIII The appositive phrase
• Section IX The set phrase
• Section X The prepositional phrase
• Section XI The 的- phrase
• Table 2: Phrases and Their Functions

Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228

• Section I The subject
• Section II The predicate
• Section III The object
• Section IV The attributive
• Section V Adverbial adjuncts
• Section VI Complements
• Table 3: Relationship of Different Parts of Speech and

Phrases with Complements of Different Kinds ...

Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330

• Definition
• The basic structure of the simple sentence
• Functions of the simple sentence
• The classification of sentences

Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334

• Section I Sentences with verbal predicates
• Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates
• Section III Sentences with nominal predicates
• Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate
• Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence
• Section V The subjectless sentence
• Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence
• Section VII The elliptical sentence
• Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence

Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365

• Section VIII The declarative sentence
• Section IX The interrogative sentence
• Table 6: The Five Types of Questions
• Section X The imperative sentence
• Section XI The exclamatory sentence
• Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function

Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403

• Definition
• Common ways to indicate the aspect of an action
• Section I The progressive aspect of an action
• Section II The continuous aspect of an action
• Section III The perfect aspect of an action
• Section IV The changing aspect of an action
• Section V Actions as past experience
• Table 8 The five aspects of an action

Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445

• Section I The 是-sentence
• Section II The 有-sentence
• Section III The 把-sentence
• Section IV The 被-sentence
• Section V Sentences with verbal constructions in series
• Section VI Pivotal sentences
• Section VII Existential sentences
• Table 9: Sentences with Special Verb Predicates

Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510

• Section I Using 比 to express comparison
• Section II Using 跟 to express comparison
• Section III Using 有 to express comparison
• Section IV Using 像 to express comparison
• Section V Using 不如 to express comparison
• Section VI Using 越来越 to express comparison
• Table 10: Six Ways of Expressing Comparison

Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557

• Section I Using interrogative pronouns to express emphasis
• Section II Using 连….都（也）to express emphasis
• Section III Using the adverb 是 to express emphasis
• Section IV Using the adverb 就 to express emphasis
• Section V Using double negation to express emphasis
• Section VI Using 是….的 to express emphasis
• Table 11: Six Ways to Express Emphasis

Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583

• Definition
• Grammatical features
• Types of complex sentences
• Section I Coordinate complex sentences
• Section II Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives
• Section III Subordinate complex sentences
• Section IV Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives
• Section V The contracted sentence