Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)

A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) by 李德津, 程美珍

外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》是在原版基础之上的修订本。修订者根据学生和教师使用该书的情况以及对外汉语教学的发展，对原书进行了重要的、有价值的增删，使其得到了进一步的完善.《外国人实用汉语语法》初版于1988年，出版以来多次重印，产生了比较广泛的影响。《外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》语法讲解简明、细致、清晰，注重用简略的语言作直截了当的说明；内容方面，除了介绍最基本最实用的语法规则之外，还专门从对外汉语教学的角度出发，设立了“表示比较的方法”和“表示强调的方法”等较为实用的章节，使阅读和查找都非常方便；体例方面，每一节中都有一项“使用……要注意的问题”，具有很强的针对性；表格和例句（包括用于对比的错句）的编写非常充分、实用。《外国人实用汉语语法(修订本)(中英文对照)》既可用做汉语学习者的汉语语法教科书，也可用作日常学习查阅的语法手册。书中所有讲解都配有英语翻译，另配有练习册。

1 Chapter One Introduction …………………….....................................................1
2 Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11
3 Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155
4 Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228
5 Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330
- 5.1 Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334
- 5.2 Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365
6 Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403
7 Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445
8 Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510
9 Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557
10 Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583
11 Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646
12 Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652

Chapter One Introduction …………………….....................................................1

Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11

Words
Classification of words
Conversion of parts of speech
Section I Nouns
Section II Verbs
Section III Auxiliary verbs
Section IV Adjectives
Section V Numerals
Section VI Measure words
Section VII Pronouns
Section VIII Adverbs
Section IX Prepositions
Section X Conjunctions
Section XI Particles
Section XII Interjections
Section XIII Onomatopes
Table 1: Relationships Between the Parts of Speech

and the Elements of a Sentence

Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155

Phrases
Classification of phrases
The basis for classifying phrases
Section I The coordinative phrase
Section II The Subject – Predicate phrase
Section III The Verb – Object phrase
Section IV The endocentric phrase
Section V The Numeral – Measure word phrase
Section VI The complementary phrase
Section VII The phrase of locality
Section VIII The appositive phrase
Section IX The set phrase
Section X The prepositional phrase
Section XI The 的- phrase
Table 2: Phrases and Their Functions

Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228

Section I The subject
Section II The predicate
Section III The object
Section IV The attributive
Section V Adverbial adjuncts
Section VI Complements
Table 3: Relationship of Different Parts of Speech and

Phrases with Complements of Different Kinds ...

Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330

Definition
The basic structure of the simple sentence
Functions of the simple sentence
The classification of sentences

Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334

Section I Sentences with verbal predicates
Section II Sentences with adjectival predicates
Section III Sentences with nominal predicates
Section IV The sentence with an S-P phrase as the predicate
Table 4: The Four Types of Subject-Predicate Sentence
Section V The subjectless sentence
Section VI The one-word/phrase sentence
Section VII The elliptical sentence
Table 5: The Three Kinds of Non S-P Sentence

Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365

Section VIII The declarative sentence
Section IX The interrogative sentence
Table 6: The Five Types of Questions
Section X The imperative sentence
Section XI The exclamatory sentence
Table 7: The Four Kind of Sentence Classified in Terms of Function

Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403

Definition
Common ways to indicate the aspect of an action
Section I The progressive aspect of an action
Section II The continuous aspect of an action
Section III The perfect aspect of an action
Section IV The changing aspect of an action
Section V Actions as past experience
Table 8 The five aspects of an action

Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445

Section I The 是-sentence
Section II The 有-sentence
Section III The 把-sentence
Section IV The 被-sentence
Section V Sentences with verbal constructions in series
Section VI Pivotal sentences
Section VII Existential sentences
Table 9: Sentences with Special Verb Predicates

Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510

Section I Using 比 to express comparison
Section II Using 跟 to express comparison
Section III Using 有 to express comparison
Section IV Using 像 to express comparison
Section V Using 不如 to express comparison
Section VI Using 越来越 to express comparison
Table 10: Six Ways of Expressing Comparison

Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557

Section I Using interrogative pronouns to express emphasis
Section II Using 连….都（也）to express emphasis
Section III Using the adverb 是 to express emphasis
Section IV Using the adverb 就 to express emphasis
Section V Using double negation to express emphasis
Section VI Using 是….的 to express emphasis
Table 11: Six Ways to Express Emphasis

Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583

Definition
Grammatical features
Types of complex sentences
Section I Coordinate complex sentences
Section II Coordinate complex sentences and correlatives
Section III Subordinate complex sentences
Section IV Subordinate complex sentences and correlatives
Section V The contracted sentence

Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646

Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652

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Reference:A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)

Contents

Chapter One Introduction …………………….....................................................1

Chapter Two Parts of Speech…………………….............................................11

Chapter Three Phrases........................................................................................155

Chapter Four Sentence elements.......................................................................228

Chapter Five The Simple Sentence....................................................................330

Part One Classification of sentences in terms of structure......................334

Part Two Classification of sentences in terms of function........................365

Chapter Six Aspects of an Action........................................................................403

Chapter Seven Sentences with Special Verbal Predicates..............................445

Chapter Eight Ways of Expressing Comparison.................................................510

Chapter Nine Ways of Expressing Emphasis.....................................................557

Chapter Ten Complex Sentences......................................................................583

Appendix I Grammatical Terms..........................................................................646

Appendix II Reference Books.............................................................................652