Bu and mei
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Contents
Usage of 没
Negation of 有 only with 没
- 我 没 有 自己 的 笔记本。 "I don't have my own notebook."
- 我 放 不有 自己 的 笔记本。
对 － 我没有自己的笔记本 错 － 我不有自己的笔记本
Exception
他没有名 ＝ 他不有名 － not famous. The second is considered also correct, but it is not common.
It is not exception in full effect, because 有名 is an adjective, and not ver + object, as it is in the first example.
Past / Present
我没买水果 - I didn't buy fruits.
我不买水果 - I don't (will not) buy fruits.
Exceptions - complicated structures
There are some exceptions when we talk about past, but we can not use 没.
For example, when there is a modal verb.
这部电影我一直没看完，因为昨天不想看，今天也不想看
When the action didnt actualy happen in the past
我昨天不开电脑因为它坏了 - I didn’t start my computer yesterdy, because it broke. (I didn't want to)
我昨天没开电脑因为它坏了。－ I didn't start my computer yesterdy, because it broke. (I didn’t do it)
Words about feelings
对 － 我不爱你 （present)
对 － 我没爱过你 (past)
不对 － 我没爱你
"Love" is usualy accompanied only with 不，when it is accompanied with 没，we have to add 过 - the meaning is "I have never loved you"
Same with "喜欢“
对 － 我不喜欢你 （present)
对 － 我没喜欢过你 (past)
不对 － 我没喜欢你
Never experienced（过）
对 － 我还没去过美国 - I have never been to USA.
对 － 我还没去美国。- I still didn't go to USA (I am planning to go and I may have been there before)
错 － 我还不去过美国。
Have not finished（完)
对 － 我还没有做完。
错 － 我还不做完
Future perfect
对 － 后天早上6点我还没起床 - After tomorow at 6 am i will not have got up yet.
错 － 后天早上6点我还不起床
对 － 你明天来吧！你来的时候我还没有出门 - Come tomorow! When will not leave until you come.
错 － 你明天来吧！你来的时候我还不有出门
Comparison
他没有她好 － he is not as good as she is
他不如她好 - he is not as good as she is
(如can not be accompanied with 没）
Complemets
对 － 我看不到那么远的地方。- I can't not see such a far away place.
错 － 我看没到那么远的地方
对 － 我听不到他们再说什么，他们离这里太远。I can not hear what they are talking, they are too far.
错 － 我听没到他们再说什么，他们离这里太远。
对 － 他什么都看不见。He doesn't see anything.
错 － 他什么都看没见。
对 － 他什么都听不见。He doesn't hear anything.
错 － 他什么都听没见。
对 － 我吃不下。 - I can not eat anymore.
错 － 我吃没下。
对 － 我进不去。- I can not enter.
错 － 我进没去。
However when it refers to past, we can use 没，but with a different structure.
对 － 我没有看到他们。I didnt see them.
错 － 我看没到他们。
对 － 我从来没有听到过那么脏的话。I have never heard such a vulgar words.
错 － 我从来有听没到过那么脏的话。
对 － 我昨天没看见你。I didn't see you yesterday.
错 － 昨天看没见你。
对 － 我昨天上课的时候没听见老师说了什么。Yesterday during the class I didn't hear what was teacher saying.
错 － 我昨天上课的时候听没见老师说了什么。
Words only with 没
没关系，没事，没意思，没兴趣，
In Chinese they all represent "Not to have"，however when it is translated to english it is a different meaning.
For. ex.: 没意思 - it means "boring" however in chinese it is something like "it doesnt have meaning"
Usage of 不
Some adjectives can be created only with 不
不容易，不高兴，不好
对 － 这个题目真不容易 - This issue is really not easy.
错 － 这个题目真没容易
Some adverbs can be created only with 不
不一定，不常常，不总是
对 － 我不一定能过去 - It is not sure that I will be able to come.
错 － 我没定能过去。
Modal verbs can not be accompanied with 没， only with 不
不要，不会，不可以，不是
对 － 我不想去那边。 I don't want to go there.
错 － 我没想去那边。
Exceptions:
没能 － we know the reasult of the event for sure
不能 － we do not know how did it end up, but at the time it was not possible
对 － 他昨天没能过来。 - He couldn't come yesterday. (and he really didn't come)
对 － 他昨天不能过来。- He couldn't come yesterday. (but he may have come in the end)
(没能 － shorter form of 没能够 (meaning of the expresson with 2 characters is not that strong as it is in the oroginal sentence)
没要 － 我爸爸给我钱，我没要。(my dad gave me money but i didnt want them)
不要 － 我爸爸给我钱，我不要。(my dad gave me money but i dont want them)
Sentence with 了
了and 没 can never be in one sentence together
对 － 我没去 - I dind't go.
对 － 我不去了 - I don't want to go anymore.
错 － 我没去了
Negation of modal verbs: Modern mandarin chinese grammar - 73
