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| − | {{Grammar Box}}
| + | #REDIRECT[[Expressing "through" with "jingguo"]] |
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| − | One of the trickier points of Chinese grammar is how to use 通过 (tōngguò) and 经过 (jīngguò) correctly. Though they have very similar meanings, they have somewhat different uses
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| − | == 通过 as a Verb ==
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| − | === Structure 1 ===
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| − | The first way that 通过 is used as a verb is that it means going through a certain object, as in penetrating into and coming out of something. In this case, it is similar to the word 穿过.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 通过 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 从 我 家 走 到 这里 需要 <em>通过</em> 两 座 桥。<span class="trans">To get here from my house, I have to cross two bridges.</span>
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| − | * 你 往 前 走，<em>通过</em> 一 扇 红 色 的 门，然后 左 拐 就 看到 了。<span class="trans">Go straight ahead, go through a red door, turn left, and you'll see it.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | | |
| − | === Structure 2 ===
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| − | The second way that 通过 is used as a verb is that it means that something goes through effort in order to reach acknowledgement or agreement. This is similar to how we say a bill "pass through" the legislature, or how you can "meet someone through a friend".
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 通过 + Object
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 纽约 大学 <em>通过</em> 了 我 的 申请。<span class="trans">New York University went through my application.</span>
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| − | * 我 <em>通过</em> 了 这 次 考试。<span class="trans">I went through this test.</span>
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| − | * 这 个 项目 <em>通过</em>了 董事会。<span class="trans">This item went through the board of directors.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == 通过 as a Preposition ==
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| − | As a preposition, 通过 expresses using a certain method to achieve a desired outcome. It emphasizes the manner or method of doing something, and it can be placed before and after the subject.
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 通过 + Method，Subject + Predicate
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| − | </div>
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 通过 + Method + Predicate
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>通过</em> 研究，我们 发现 大豆 对 身体 很 有 好处。<span class="trans">Through our research, we've discovered that soybeans are good for the body.</span>
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| − | * 公司 <em>通过</em> 裁员 的 方法 解决 金融 危机 带来 的 问题。<span class="trans">The company lay-off method helped solve its finance problem.</span>
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| − | * 我们 <em>通过</em> 他 的 朋友 才 找 到 了 他。<span class="trans">We found him via his friends.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | | |
| − | == 经过 as Verb ==
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| − | === Structure 1 ===
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| − | The first way that 经过 is used as a verb is that it means "to pass by" or "to pass through". It is like saying "I went through downtown" or "I passed by the cemetery".
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Subject + 经过 + Place
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 每天 我 都 <em>经过</em> 这 个 小 商店。<span class="trans">I go past this little store every day.</span>
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| − | * 去 机场 的 时候 我们 会 <em>经过</em> 人民广场 吗？<span class="trans">When we go to the airport, do we pass the People's Square Station?</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | | |
| − | === Structure 2 ===
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| − | The second way that 经过 is used as a verb is that it means "to experience something" or "going through a time". It emphasizes the process of that experience. When expressing "to experience something", it often has a negative connotation, like 教训, 考验, 锻炼, 战争, 比赛. If it is talking about "going through a time", it is usually talking about the past.
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | 经过 + Event/Time，Subject + Predicate
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * <em>经过</em> 一 个 月 的 培训，我们 的 新 员工 已经 准备 好 了。<span class="trans">After going through a month of training, our staff has prepared well.</span>
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| − | * <em>经过</em> 详细 的 解释 我 才 明白 了 这 个 问题。<span class="trans">After going through a detailed explanation, I finally understood the problem.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == 经过 as Noun ==
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| − | As a noun, 经过 refers to the process of something.
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| − | === Structure ===
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| − | <div class="jiegou">
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| − | Adjective + 经过
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| − | </div>
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| − | === Examples ===
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * 请 你 跟 我们 说 一下 当时 的 <em>经过</em>。<span class="trans">Please tell us a little about that process.</span>
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| − | * 事情 的 真实 <em>经过</em> 谁 都 不 知道。<span class="expl">Notice the use of [[Topic-comment sentences|the topic-comment structure]]</span> <span class="trans">No one knows the actual course of events.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Example of right and wrong usage ==
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | <ul>
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| − | <li class="x"> <em>经过</em> 他 的 女 朋友，我们 找到 了 他。</li>
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| − | <li class="o"> <em>通过</em> 他 的 女 朋友，我们 找到 了 他。</li>
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| − | <li class="x"> <em>经过</em> 上海，中国 看到 了 世界。</li>
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| − | <li class="o"> <em>通过</em> 上海，中国 看到 了 世界。</li>
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| − | </ul>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Example Dialog ==
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| − | <div class="liju">
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| − | * A: 我 第 一 次 坐 飞机 没 <em>通过</em> 安检。<span class="trans">The first time I flew, I didn't get through a security check.</span>
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| − | * B: 为什么？说说 <em>经过</em>。<span class="trans">Why not? Tell me what happened.</span>
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| − | * A: 我 带 了 一 大 瓶 牛奶。<span class="trans">I brought a big bottle of milk.</span>
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| − | * B: 牛奶 不 能 带。后来 呢？<span class="trans">You can't bring milk. And then?</span>
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| − | * A: 后来 <em>通过</em> 我 的 努力 把 牛奶 喝完 了。<span class="trans">Then I tried my hardest to drink it all.</span>
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| − | * B:那 为什么 还 没 <em>通过</em> 安检？<span class="trans">So, why didn't you go through the security check?</span>
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| − | * A: 我 <em>经过</em> 一 个 安检 人员 的 时候 说 了 句 脏话。<span class="trans">I swore as I passed a security guard.</span>
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| − | * B:你 这 是 找 麻烦。<span class="trans">You just look for trouble.</span>
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| − | </div>
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| − | == Sources and further reading ==
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| − | === Books ===
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| − | *[[对外汉语教学语法释疑201例]] (p.214) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | *[[现代汉语八百词（增订本）]] (p. 1) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | *[[现代汉语虚词例释]] (p. 1)[http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | *[[Reference:Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]](p.230)[http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004WA6JSQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 → buy]
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| − | *[[卓越汉语－公司实战篇]] (p. 123) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]
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| − | [[Category:grammar comparison]]
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| − | {{Basic Grammar|通过|B1|通过 vs 经过|<em>通过</em> 他 的 女 朋友，我们 找到 了 他。<em>经过</em> 一 个 月 的 培训，我们 的 新 员工 已经 准备 好 了。|grammar point|ASGXF329}}
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| − | {{Rel char|经过}}
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| − | {{Used for|Describing things}}
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| − | {{Used for|Expressing movement}}
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| − | {{Comparison|Verbs}}
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