Difference between revisions of "Expressing "double negation""

 
(8 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
主要分两种,简单的是对能愿动词和谓语动词进行双重否定,较复杂的是对主语和谓语分别进行否定。
+
There are two main methods for double negation. The simpler method is to use a double negative with [[modal verb]]s like 会 or 能. The more complicated method is to negate both the subject and the predicate.  
There are mainly two kinds methods for double negation. The simpler method is to use double negative with modal verbs and predicate verbs. The more complicated method is to negate both the subject and the predicate.  
 
  
== Negation before a Negative Word ==
+
== Negation Before a Negative Word ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
 +
 +
This pattern just uses 不是 right before a negated predicate:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
 
Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
This pattern uses modal verbs like 会, 能, or 可能, which are negated before a negated predicate:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Line 16: Line 19:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
+
The [[predicate]] part of either pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
Line 30: Line 33:
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Negation before Single Noun ==
+
== Negation Before a Singular Noun ==
  
这个结构用于遍指,常常用topic comment。"没有一个人"相当于"没有哪个人"或者"没有谁"
+
This structure is used for saying things like "not a single one," often with [[Topic-comment sentences|topic comments]]. 没有一个人 ("not a single person") is equivalent to 没有谁 ("not anyone").
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
(Topic +) 没有 + [Single Noun] + 不 / 没 + Predicate + 的
+
(Topic +) 没有 + [Singular Noun] + 不 / 没 + Predicate + 的
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 48: Line 51:
 
*我们 公司 的 员工 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 会 说 英语 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de yuángōng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Our company doesn't have a single employee who can't speak English.</span>
 
*我们 公司 的 员工 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 会 说 英语 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de yuángōng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Our company doesn't have a single employee who can't speak English.</span>
 
*他 的 女朋友 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 漂亮 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de nǚpéngyou <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> piàoliang <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">None of his girlfriends were not beautiful.</span>
 
*他 的 女朋友 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>不</em> 漂亮 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā de nǚpéngyou <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>bù</em> piàoliang <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">None of his girlfriends were not beautiful.</span>
*我们 学校 的 学生 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>没</em> 参加 高考 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào de xuéshēng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>méi</em> cānjiā gāokǎo <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">There wasn't a single student who didn't take the college entrance exam in our school.</span>
+
*我们 学校 的 学生 <em>没有</em> 一 个 <em>没</em> 参加 高考 <strong>的</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào de xuéshēng <em>méiyǒu</em> yī gè <em>méi</em> cānjiā gāokǎo <strong>de</strong>.</span><span class="trans">In our school there wasn't a single student who didn't take the national college entrance exam.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
== See also ==
 
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
 
=== Books ===
 
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK0}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|不|B1|Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate|我 <em>不</em> 是 <em>不</em> 知道 怎么 做 。|grammar point|ASGEEA2D}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|不|B1|Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate|我 <em>不</em> 是 <em>不</em> 知道 怎么 做 。|grammar point|ASGEEA2D}}
 
{{Rel char|没}}
 
{{Rel char|没}}
Line 66: Line 64:
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
 
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
 +
{{Subprop|Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns}}

Latest revision as of 08:46, 24 April 2019

Chinese-grammar-wiki-bu.jpg

There are two main methods for double negation. The simpler method is to use a double negative with modal verbs like 会 or 能. The more complicated method is to negate both the subject and the predicate.

Negation Before a Negative Word

Structure

This pattern just uses 不是 right before a negated predicate:

Subj. + 不是 + 不 / 没 + Predicate

This pattern uses modal verbs like 会, 能, or 可能, which are negated before a negated predicate:

Subj. + 不 + 会 / 能 / 可能 + 不 / 没 + Predicate

The predicate part of either pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • 来 的 。 huì lái de.There is no way he's not coming.
  • 可能 知道 。 kěnéng zhīdào.There is no way she doesn't know about this.
  • 她 太 害羞 了 ,不是 礼貌 。Tā tài hàixiū le, bù shì lǐmào.She's too shy; It's not that she's not polite.
  • 不是 没有 钱 ,是 不 想 乱 花 钱 。bù shì méiyǒu qián, shì bù xiǎng luàn huā qián.It's not that he doesn't have money; it's just he doesn't want to spend it recklessly.
  • 我 知道 你 想 减肥 ,但是 吃 早饭 。Wǒ zhīdào nǐ xiǎng jiǎnféi, dànshì néng chī zǎofàn.I know you want to lose weight, but you can't not eat breakfast.

Negation Before a Singular Noun

This structure is used for saying things like "not a single one," often with topic comments. 没有一个人 ("not a single person") is equivalent to 没有谁 ("not anyone").

Structure

(Topic +) 没有 + [Singular Noun] + 不 / 没 + Predicate + 的

Examples

  • 没有 一 个 人 讨厌 他 Méiyǒu yī gè rén tǎoyàn tā de.There is not one person who doesn't dislike him.
  • 这些 菜 没有 一 个 Zhèxiē cài méiyǒu yī gè de.There is no single one that is not spicy among these dishes.
  • 我们 公司 的 员工 没有 一 个 会 说 英语 Wǒmen gōngsī de yuángōng méiyǒu yī gè huì shuō Yīngyǔ de.Our company doesn't have a single employee who can't speak English.
  • 他 的 女朋友 没有 一 个 漂亮 Tā de nǚpéngyou méiyǒu yī gè piàoliang de.None of his girlfriends were not beautiful.
  • 我们 学校 的 学生 没有 一 个 参加 高考 Wǒmen xuéxiào de xuéshēng méiyǒu yī gè méi cānjiā gāokǎo de.In our school there wasn't a single student who didn't take the national college entrance exam.