Difference between revisions of "Expressing fractions with "fenzhi""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
分之 (fēnzhī) can be used to form a fraction in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator:
 
  
==Structure==
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分之 (fēn zhī) is used to express fractions in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.
 +
 
 +
So "½" is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), literally "1 of 2 portions." Note the order: it's ''NOT'' 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). So "¾" is 四分之三 (sì fēn zhī sān), and "⅚"  is 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí), which is literally the same as how you would pronounce the equivalent fraction "50 hundredths."
 +
 
 +
== Basic Pattern ==
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
denominator + 分之 + numerator
+
Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
So a 1/2 is read 二分之一, not 一分之二.
+
Remember that the ''denominator'' is the ''bottom'' number in a fraction, but it comes ''first'' in spoken Chinese. Knowing that this order actually totally fits the overall "big to small" Chinese cultural pattern might help you to remember.
  
==Examples==
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=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
 +
*我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 <em>分 之</em> 五 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> wǔ le.</span><span class="trans">My phone only has 5% power left.</span>
 +
*这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">This document is two-thirds downloaded.</span>
 +
*这 篇 文章 有 五 <em>分 之</em> 三 是 抄 别人 的 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> sān shì chāo biérén de.</span><span class="trans">Three fifths of this article has been copied from others.</span>
 +
*差不多 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 的 美国 人 有 护照 。<span class="pinyin">Chàbuduō sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.</span><span class="trans">About one third of Americans have passports.</span>
 +
*我们 学校 四 <em>分 之</em> 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xuéxiào sì <em>fēn zhī</em> sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans">Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.</span>
  
* 我们 班 有 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 的 同学 是 外 国 人。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen bān yǒu sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī de tóngxué shì wàiguó rén.</span><span class="trans">One third of our classmates are foreign students. </span>
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</div>
* 我们 有  二 <em>分 之</em> 一 的 机会 成功。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen yǒu èr <em>fēn zhī</em> yī de jīhuì chénggōng.</span><span class="trans">We have 50 % chance to succeed.</span>
 
* 这 种 事情 发生 的 可能性 是 万 <em>分 之</em> 一。<span class="pinyin">Zhè zhǒng shìqíng fāshēng de kěnéng xìng shì wàn <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">The likelihood of this kind of thing happening is very little.</span>
 
* 世界 上 只 有 百 <em>分 之 </em> 三 的 人 能 看 懂 这 张 图。<span class="pinyin">Shìjiè shàng zhǐyǒu bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> sān de rén néng kàn dǒng zhè zhāng tú.</span><span class="trans">Only 3 % of the world's population can understand this map.</span>
 
  
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== Advanced Pattern ==
 +
 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 +
This structure is what you'll often see in news stories that use statistics. The word 占 (zhàn) is a bit more formal, and means something like "comprises" or "makes up" or "accounts for."
 +
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
A + 是 / 占 + B + 的 + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See Also==
+
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*我们 公司 的 外国 员工 <strong>占</strong> 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen gōngsī de wàiguó yuángōng <strong>zhàn</strong> sān <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">One third of our company's employees are foreigners.</span>
 +
*美国 人口 <strong>是</strong> 中国 的 五 <em>分 之</em> 一 。<span class="pinyin">Měiguó rénkǒu <strong>shì</strong> Zhōngguó de wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> yī.</span><span class="trans">The USA's population is one fifth of China's.</span>
 +
*押金 <strong>是</strong> 房租 的 百 <em>分 之</em> 二十 。<span class="pinyin">Yājīn <strong>shì</strong> fángzū de <em>bǎifēn zhī</em> èrshí.</span><span class="trans">The deposit is 20% of the rent.</span>
 +
*期末 考试 成绩 <strong>占</strong> 总 成绩 的 百 <em>分 之</em> 三十 。 <span class="pinyin">Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì <strong>zhàn</strong> zǒng chéngjì de bǎi <em>fēn zhī</em> sānshí.</span><span class="trans">The final exam grade accounts for 30% of the final grade.</span>
 +
*在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 <strong>占</strong> 五 <em>分 之</em> 二 。<span class="pinyin">Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō <strong>zhàn</strong> wǔ <em>fēn zhī</em> èr.</span><span class="trans">In the US, full-time mothers are about two fifths of all mothers.</span>
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 +
</div>
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 18) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|18}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 152-3) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|152-3}}
  
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|分之|B1|……分之……|三 <em>分之</em> 一|grammar point|ASG84RE9}}
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{{HSK|HSK4}}
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{{Basic Grammar|分之|B1|Denominator + 分之 + Numerator|在 我们 班 ,外国 学生 占 三 <em>分 之</em> 一 |grammar point|ASG84RE9}}
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{{Rel char|之}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
{{POS|Nouns}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "multiples" with "bei"}}
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{{POS|Numbers}}

Latest revision as of 08:40, 24 April 2019

Chinese-grammar-wiki-zhi1.jpg

分之 (fēn zhī) is used to express fractions in Chinese. When expressing a fraction, the denominator is always said before the numerator. This pattern is also the way percentages are expressed in Chinese.

So "½" is read 二分之一 (èr fēn zhī yī), literally "1 of 2 portions." Note the order: it's NOT 一分之二 (yī fēn zhī èr). So "¾" is 四分之三 (sì fēn zhī sān), and "⅚" is 六分之五 (liù fēn zhī wǔ). To say a percentage, for example, 50 percent, you would say 百分之五十 (bǎi fēn zhī wǔshí), which is literally the same as how you would pronounce the equivalent fraction "50 hundredths."

Basic Pattern

Structure

Denominator + 分之 + Numerator

Remember that the denominator is the bottom number in a fraction, but it comes first in spoken Chinese. Knowing that this order actually totally fits the overall "big to small" Chinese cultural pattern might help you to remember.

Examples

  • 我 的 手机 电量 只 有 百 分 之 五 了 。Wǒ de shǒujī diànliàng zhǐ yǒu bǎi fēn zhī wǔ le.My phone only has 5% power left.
  • 这个 文件 已经 下载 了 三 分 之 二 。Zhège wénjiàn yǐjīng xiàzǎi le sān fēn zhī èr.This document is two-thirds downloaded.
  • 这 篇 文章 有 五 分 之 三 是 抄 别人 的 。Zhè piān wénzhāng yǒu wǔ fēn zhī sān shì chāo biérén de.Three fifths of this article has been copied from others.
  • 差不多 三 分 之 一 的 美国 人 有 护照 。Chàbuduō sān fēn zhī yī de Měiguó rén yǒu hùzhào.About one third of Americans have passports.
  • 我们 学校 四 分 之 三 的 老师 都 是 男 老师 。Wǒmen xuéxiào sì fēn zhī sān de lǎoshī dōu shì nán lǎoshī.Three fourths of the teachers at our school are male teachers.

Advanced Pattern

Structure

This structure is what you'll often see in news stories that use statistics. The word 占 (zhàn) is a bit more formal, and means something like "comprises" or "makes up" or "accounts for."

A + 是 / 占 + B + 的 + Denominator + 分之 + Numerator

Examples

  • 我们 公司 的 外国 员工 分 之 一 。Wǒmen gōngsī de wàiguó yuángōng zhàn sān fēn zhī yī.One third of our company's employees are foreigners.
  • 美国 人口 中国 的 五 分 之 一 。Měiguó rénkǒu shì Zhōngguó de wǔ fēn zhī yī.The USA's population is one fifth of China's.
  • 押金 房租 的 百 分 之 二十 。Yājīn shì fángzū de bǎifēn zhī èrshí.The deposit is 20% of the rent.
  • 期末 考试 成绩 总 成绩 的 百 分 之 三十 。 Qīmò kǎoshì chéngjì zhàn zǒng chéngjì de bǎi fēn zhī sānshí.The final exam grade accounts for 30% of the final grade.
  • 在 美国 ,全职 妈妈 差不多 分 之 二 。Zài Měiguó, quánzhí māma chàbuduō zhànfēn zhī èr.In the US, full-time mothers are about two fifths of all mothers.

Sources and further reading

Books